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Mustafa M, Abbas K, Alam M, Ahmad W, Moinuddin, Usmani N, Siddiqui SA, Habib S. Molecular pathways and therapeutic targets linked to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:895-913. [PMID: 37247161 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth, abnormal morphology, and altered proliferation. Cancerous cells lose their ability to act as anchors, allowing them to spread throughout the body and infiltrate nearby cells, tissues, and organs. If these cells are not identified and treated promptly, they will likely spread. Around 70% of female breast cancers are caused by a mutation in the BRCA gene, specifically BRCA1. The absence of progesterone, oestrogen and HER2 receptors (human epidermal growth factor) distinguishes the TNBC subtype of breast cancer. There were approximately 6,85,000 deaths worldwide and 2.3 million new breast cancer cases in women in 2020. Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally, affecting 7.8 million people at the end of 2020. Compared to other cancer types, breast cancer causes more women to lose disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Worldwide, women can develop breast cancer at any age after puberty, but rates increase with age. The maintenance of mammary stem cell stemness is disrupted in TNBC, governed by signalling cascades controlling healthy mammary gland growth and development. Interpreting these essential cascades may facilitate an in-depth understanding of TNBC cancer and the search for an appropriate therapeutic target. Its treatment remains challenging because it lacks specific receptors, which renders hormone therapy and medications ineffective. In addition to radiotherapy, numerous recognized chemotherapeutic medicines are available as inhibitors of signalling pathways, while others are currently undergoing clinical trials. This article summarizes the vital druggable targets, therapeutic approaches, and strategies associated with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mudassir Alam
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waleem Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nazura Usmani
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shahid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Radiotherapy, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Zhao PW, Cui JX, Wang XM. Upregulation of p300 in paclitaxel-resistant TNBC: implications for cell proliferation via the PCK1/AMPK axis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38378770 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-024-00324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of p300 in the context of paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, focusing on its interaction with the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. METHODS The expression of p300 and PCK1 at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level was detected using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The GeneCards and GEPIA databases were used to investigate the relationship between p300 and PCK1. The MDA-MB-231/PTX cell line, known for its PTX resistance, was chosen to understand the specific role of p300 in such cells. The Lipofectamine™ 3000 reagent was used to transfer the p300 small interfering RNA and the overexpression of PCK1 plasmid into MDA-MB-231/PTX. The expression levels of p300, PCK1, 5'AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) were determined using the western blot test. RESULTS In TNBC cancer tissue, the expression of p300 was increased compared with TNBC paracancerous tissue (P < 0.05). In the MDA-MB-231 cell line of TNBC, the expression of p300 was lower than in the PTX-resistant TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231/PTX) (P < 0.05). The PCK1 expression was decreased in the TNBC cancer tissue compared with TNBC paracancerous tissue, and the PCK1 expression was reduced in MDA-MB-231/PTX than in MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.05) indicating that PCK1 was involved in the resistance function. Additionally, p-AMPK was decreased in MDA-MB-231/PTX compared with MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.05). The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was also detected and was significantly lower in MDA-MB-231/PTX than in MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.05). Additionally, cell proliferation increased significantly in MDA-MB-231/PTX at 48 and 72 h (P < 0.05) suggesting that MDA-MB-231/PTX cells obtained the resistance function which was associated with AMPK and ATP level. When p300 was inhibited, p-AMPK and ATP levels elevated in MDA-MB-231/PTX (P < 0.05). When PCK1 was suppressed, the ATP consumption rate decreased, and cell proliferation increased (P < 0.05). However, there were no changes in p300. CONCLUSIONS In MDA-MB-231/PTX, p300 can inhibit p-AMPK and ATP levels by inhibiting PCK1 expression. Our findings suggest that targeting p300 could modulate the PCK1/AMPK axis, offering a potential therapeutic avenue for overcoming PTX resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Zhao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No.5 Xinhua Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Jia-Xian Cui
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No.5 Xinhua Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 42 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Lee MG, Hong HJ, Nam KS. Anthocyanin Oligomers Induce Apoptosis and Autophagy by Inhibiting the mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 38256858 PMCID: PMC10820553 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin oligomers (AOs) are phytochemicals synthesized by fermenting anthocyanins extracted from grape skins and are more biologically active than monomeric anthocyanins. In this study, we evaluate the effects of an AO on triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. The cell viability of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by AO treatment for 24 h, while delphinidin (a monomeric anthocyanin) had no effect on cell viability. In addition, the AO increased H2A.X phosphorylation (a marker of DNA damage), reduced RAD51 (a DNA repair protein) and survivin (a cell survival factor) protein levels, and induced apoptosis by caspase-3-dependent PARP1 cleavage in both cell lines. Surprisingly, the AO induced autophagy by increasing intracellular LC3-II puncta and LC3-II and p62 protein levels. In addition, the AO inhibited the mTOR pathway in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells by suppressing the HER2, EGFR1, and AKT pathways. These results demonstrate that the anti-cancer effect of the AO was due to the induction of apoptosis and autophagy via cleaved caspase-3-mediated PARP1 cleavage and mTOR pathway inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, our results suggest that anthocyanin oligomers could be considered potential candidates for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.-G.L.); (H.-J.H.)
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Dinakar YH, Rajana N, Kumari NU, Jain V, Mehra NK. Recent Advances of Multifunctional PLGA Nanocarriers in the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:258. [PMID: 38097825 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though chemotherapy stands as a standard option in the therapy of TNBC, problems associated with it such as anemia, bone marrow suppression, immune suppression, toxic effects on healthy cells, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) can compromise their effects. Nanoparticles gained paramount importance in overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among the various options, nanotechnology has appeared as a promising path in preclinical and clinical studies for early diagnosis of primary tumors and metastases and destroying tumor cells. PLGA has been extensively studied amongst various materials used for the preparation of nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery and adjuvant therapy because of their capability of higher encapsulation, easy surface functionalization, increased stability, protection of drugs from degradation versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Furthermore, this review also provides an overview of PLGA-based nanoparticles including hybrid nanoparticles such as the inorganic PLGA nanoparticles, lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles, cell membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles, hydrogels, exosomes, and nanofibers. The effects of all these systems in various in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC were explained thus pointing PLGA-based NPs as a strategy for the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirivinti Hayagreeva Dinakar
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Nalla Usha Kumari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India.
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Kumari L, Mishra L, Patel P, Sharma N, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD. Emerging targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. J Drug Target 2023; 31:889-907. [PMID: 37539789 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2245579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has clinical features including a high degree of invasiveness, an elevated risk of metastasis, tendency to relapse, and poor prognosis. It constitutes around 10-15% of all breast cancer, and having heredity of BRCA1 mutated breast cancer could be a reason for the occurrence of TNBC in women. Overexpression of cellular and molecular targets, i.e. CD44 receptor, EGFR receptor, Folate receptor, Transferrin receptor, VEGF receptor, and Androgen receptor, have emerged as promising targets for treating TNBC. Signalling pathways such as Notch signalling and PI3K/AKT/mTOR also play a significant role in carrying out and managing crucial pro-survival and pro-growth cellular processes that can be utilised for targeted therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. This review sheds light on various targeting strategies, including cellular and molecular targets, signalling pathways, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors PARP, immunotherapy, ADCs have all found a place in the current TNBC therapeutic paradigm. The role of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also been explored briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Lopamudra Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Broeker CD, Ortiz MMO, Murillo MS, Andrechek ER. Integrative multi-omic sequencing reveals the MMTV-Myc mouse model mimics human breast cancer heterogeneity. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:120. [PMID: 37805590 PMCID: PMC10559619 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with distinct subtypes and molecular profiles corresponding to different clinical outcomes. Mouse models of breast cancer are widely used, but their relevance in capturing the heterogeneity of human disease is unclear. Previous studies have shown the heterogeneity at the gene expression level for the MMTV-Myc model, but have only speculated on the underlying genetics. METHODS Tumors from the microacinar, squamous, and EMT histological subtypes of the MMTV-Myc mouse model of breast cancer underwent whole genome sequencing. The genomic data obtained were then integrated with previously obtained matched sample gene expression data and extended to additional samples of each histological subtype, totaling 42 gene expression samples. High correlation was observed between genetic copy number events and resulting gene expression by both Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Kendall rank correlation coefficient. These same genetic events are conserved in humans and are indicative of poor overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A supervised machine learning algorithm trained on METABRIC gene expression data was used to predict the analogous human breast cancer intrinsic subtype from mouse gene expression data. RESULTS Herein, we examine three common histological subtypes of the MMTV-Myc model through whole genome sequencing and have integrated these results with gene expression data. Significantly, key genomic alterations driving cell signaling pathways were well conserved within histological subtypes. Genomic changes included frequent, co-occurring mutations in KIT and RARA in the microacinar histological subtype as well as SCRIB mutations in the EMT subtype. EMT tumors additionally displayed strong KRAS activation signatures downstream of genetic activating events primarily ascribed to KRAS activating mutations, but also FGFR2 amplification. Analogous genetic events in human breast cancer showed stark decreases in overall survival. In further analyzing transcriptional heterogeneity of the MMTV-Myc model, we report a supervised machine learning model that classifies MMTV-Myc histological subtypes and other mouse models as being representative of different human intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude the well-established MMTV-Myc mouse model presents further opportunities for investigation of human breast cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson D Broeker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2120, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mylena M O Ortiz
- Genetics and Genomics Science Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2120, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Engineering Building Room 1508C, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Engineering Building Room 1508C, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2194, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Lyu H, Shen F, Ruan S, Tan C, Zhou J, Thor AD, Liu B. HER3 functions as an effective therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer to potentiate the antitumor activity of gefitinib and paclitaxel. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 37716943 PMCID: PMC10504712 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a significant clinical challenge. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay for a large part of TNBC patients, whereas drug resistance and tumor recurrence frequently occur. It is in urgent need to identify novel molecular targets for TNBC and develop effective therapy against the aggressive disease. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of HER3 in TNBC samples. Western blots were used to assess protein expression and activation. Cell proliferation and viability were determined by cell growth (MTS) assays. TCGA databases were analyzed to correlate HER3 mRNA expression with the clinical outcomes of TNBC patients. Specific shRNA was used to knockdown HER3 expression. IncuCyte system was utilized to monitor cell growth and migration. LIVE/DEAD Cell Imaging was to detect live and dead cells. HER3 recognition by our anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4A7 was verified by ELISA, flow cytometry, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Orthotopic tumor models were established in nude mice to determine the capability of TNBC cells forming tumors and to test if our mAb 4A7 could potentiate the antitumor activity of paclitaxel in vivo. RESULTS Elevated expression of HER3 was observed in approximately half of the TNBC specimens and cell lines tested. Analyses of TCGA databases found that the TNBC patients with high HER3 mRNA expression in the tumors showed significantly worse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with low HER3 expression. Specific knockdown of HER3 markedly inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and mammosphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Our mAb 4A7 abrogated heregulin (a ligand for HER3), but not SDF-1 (a ligand for CXCR4)-induced enhancement of TNBC cell migration. Combinations of 4A7 and the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib dramatically decreased the levels of phosphorylated HER3, EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 in TNBC cells and potently induced growth inhibition and cell death. Moreover, 4A7 in combination with paclitaxel exerted significant antitumor activity against TNBC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that increased HER3 is an effective therapeutic target for TNBC and our anti-HER3 mAb (4A7) may enhance the efficacy of gefitinib or paclitaxel in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sanbao Ruan
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Congcong Tan
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ann D Thor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bolin Liu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Wang W, Rana PS, Markovic V, Sossey-Alaoui K. The WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling regulates chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:31. [PMID: 36949468 PMCID: PMC10035207 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer is responsible for the death of the majority of breast cancer patients. In fact, metastatic BC is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the USA and worldwide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of hormone receptors (ER-α and PR) and ErbB2/HER2, is especially lethal due to its highly metastatic behavior, propensity to recur rapidly, and for its resistance to standard of care therapies, through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. WAVE3 has been established as a promoter of TNBC development and metastatic progression. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms whereby WAVE3 promotes therapy-resistance and cancer stemness in TNBC, through the regulation of β-catenin stabilization. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was used to assess the expression of WAVE3 and β-catenin in breast cancer tumors. Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis was used to correlate expression of WAVE3 and β-catenin with breast cancer patients' survival probability. MTT assay was used to quantify cell survival. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, 2D and 3D tumorsphere growth and invasion assays, Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, Semi-quantitative and real-time quantitative PCR analyses were applied to study the WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling in TNBC. Tumor xenograft assays were used to study the role of WAVE3 in mediating chemotherapy resistance of TNBC tumors. RESULTS Genetic inactivation of WAVE3 in combination of chemotherapy resulted in inhibition of 2D growth and 3D tumorsphere formation and invasion of TNBC cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In addition, while re-expression of phospho-active WAVE3 in the WAVE3-deficient TNBC cells restored the oncogenic activity of WAVE3, re-expression of phospho-mutant WAVE3 did not. Further studies revealed that dual blocking of WAVE3 expression or phosphorylation in combination with chemotherapy treatment inhibited the activity and expression and stabilization of β-catenin. Most importantly, the combination of WAVE3-deficiency or WAVE3-phospho-deficiency and chemotherapy suppressed the oncogenic behavior of chemoresistant TNBC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We identified a novel WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling axis that modulates chemoresistance of TNBC. This study suggests that a targeted therapeutic strategy against WAVE3 could be effective for the treatment of chemoresistant TNBC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Priyanka S Rana
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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López-Tejada A, Griñán-Lisón C, González-González A, Cara FE, Luque RJ, Rosa-Garrido C, Blaya-Cánovas JL, Navarro-Ocón A, Valenzuela-Torres M, Parra-López M, Calahorra J, Blancas I, Marchal JA, Granados-Principal S. TGFβ Governs the Pleiotropic Activity of NDRG1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:204-224. [PMID: 36594086 PMCID: PMC9760438 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the pleiotropic NDRG1 (N-Myc downstream regulated gene 1) promotes progression and worse survival, yet contradictory results were documented, and the mechanisms remain unknown. Phosphorylation and localization could drive NDRG1 pleiotropy, nonetheless, their role in TNBC progression and clinical outcome was not investigated. We found enhanced p-NDRG1 (Thr346) by TGFβ1 and explored whether it drives NDRG1 pleiotropy and TNBC progression. In tissue microarrays of 81 TNBC patients, we identified that staining and localization of NDRG1 and p-NDRG1 (Thr346) are biomarkers and risk factors associated with shorter overall survival. We found that TGFβ1 leads NDRG1, downstream of GSK3β, and upstream of NF-κB, to differentially regulate migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor initiation, and maintenance of different populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), depending on the progression stage of tumor cells, and the combination of TGFβ and GSK3β inhibitors impaired CSCs. The present study revealed the striking importance to assess both total NDRG1 and p-NDRG1 (Thr346) positiveness and subcellular localization to evaluate patient prognosis and their stratification. NDRG1 pleiotropy is driven by TGFβ to differentially promote metastasis and/or maintenance of CSCs at different stages of tumor progression, which could be abrogated by the inhibition of TGFβ and GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli López-Tejada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain.,UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Adrián González-González
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca E. Cara
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael J. Luque
- UGC de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Carmen Rosa-Garrido
- FIBAO, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Jaén, Spain
| | - José L. Blaya-Cánovas
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain.,UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro-Ocón
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain
| | - María Valenzuela-Torres
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marisa Parra-López
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Calahorra
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain.,UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Blancas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain.,UGC de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “San Cecilio”, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A. Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Spain; Conocimiento s/n 18100, Granada. Spain.,✉ Corresponding author: E-mail: . Phone number: +34 651 55 79 21
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10
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Acosta-Casique A, Montes-Alvarado JB, Barragán M, Larrauri-Rodríguez KA, Perez-Gonzalez A, Delgado-Magallón A, Millán-Perez-Peña L, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Maycotte P. ERK activation modulates invasiveness and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110487. [PMID: 36216165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis and still lacks a targeted therapy. In this study, we found increased ERK phosphorylation in TNBC cell lines and an important role for ERK in sustaining the migration of TNBC cells. Although ROS have been suggested to have an important role in sustaining MAPK signaling, antioxidant treatment increased ERK phosphorylation, probably suggesting increased invasive potential. Interestingly, treatment with PD0325901 (PD), a MEK inhibitor, decreased ROS levels in TNBC cells and decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in the MDAMB231 cell line. Our data supports an important role for MEK/ERK in TNBC, sustaining cellular migration, regulating mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production in this breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilene Acosta-Casique
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José B Montes-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico
| | - Minuet Barragán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Karen A Larrauri-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Andrea Perez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alam Delgado-Magallón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Perez-Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Nora H Rosas-Murrieta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico.
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11
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A phthalocyanine-based photosensitizer for effectively combating triple negative breast cancer with enhanced photodynamic anticancer activity and immune response. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114644. [PMID: 35939997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted great interest, the photosensitizers in clinical had weak inhibition on metastasis and invasion of cancers. Additionally the immune response induced by PDT was insufficient to eradicate cancer. Herein, indoximod, an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is introduced to concatenate with zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc) for effectively overcoming above inadequacy. Due to indoximod moiety, photosensitizer 1-MT-Pc can obtain enhanced intracellular uptake and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. More impressively, 1-MT-Pc can achieve remarkable photocytotoxicity towards TNBC cells and negligible damage to normal cells. Meanwhile, 1-MT-Pc effectively inhibits metastasis and invasion of TNBC cells. Importantly, 1-MT-Pc exhibit elevated inhibitory effect on 4T1 tumor by enhanced PDT and immunotherapy.
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12
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Taurelli Salimbeni B, Corvaja C, Valenza C, Zagami P, Curigliano G. The triple negative breast cancer drugs graveyard: a review of failed clinical trials 2017-2022. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1203-1226. [PMID: 36413823 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2151433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of breast cancers (BC) and has the worst prognosis. It is characterized by the absence of both hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC has more limited therapeutic options compared to other subtypes, meaning that there is still a long way to go to discover target treatments. AREAS COVERED Our review aims to summarize phase II/III clinical trials enrolling patients with TNBC that have been published between 2017 and 2022 but failed to reach their primary endpoint. We here try to emphasize the limitations and weaknesses noted in negative studies and to point out unexpected results which might be useful to enhance the therapeutic approach to TNBC disease. EXPERT OPINION A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind TNBC heterogeneity allowed to enhance the knowledge of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response. However, it is also through several failed clinical trials that we were able to define new therapeutic approaches which improved TNBC patients' clinical outcomes. Nowadays, we still need to overcome several difficulties to fully recognize different intracellular and extracellular pathways that crosstalk in TNBC and the mechanisms of resistance to identify novel tailored-patients' therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, "la Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Zagami
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Zhong Y, Ren X, Cao X, Xu Y, Song Y, Zhou Y, Mao F, Shen S, Wang Z, Sun Q. Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor is a key immune-related gene that is correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: A bioinformatics analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871786. [PMID: 36330486 PMCID: PMC9624382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to identify immune-related genes that are associated with the prognosis of patients with TNBC as possible targets of immunotherapy, alongside their related tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). METHODS The clinical data and gene expression profiles of patients with breast cancer were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and divided into training (n = 1,053) and verification (n = 508) groups. CIBERSORT was used to predict the differences in immune cell infiltration in patient subsets that were stratified according to risk. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was used to identify pathways associated with immune-related genes in patient subsets that were stratified according to risk. The clinical data and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) expression profiles of patients with breast cancer were extracted from METABRIC. The expression of IGF2R and TILs were evaluated in a cohort containing 282 untreated patients with TNBC. The correlations of IGF2R expression, TILs, and clinicopathological parameters with patient prognosis were analyzed in the whole cohort. RESULTS The prognostic model, which was composed of 26 immune-related gene pairs, significantly distinguished between high- and low-risk patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the model was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. Among the identified genes, the expression of IGF2R significantly distinguished between high- and low-risk patients in TCGA (P = 0.008) and in METABRIC patients (P < 0.001). The expression of IGF2R was significantly associated with clinical risk factors such as TNBC, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive expression, and age ≤60 years old in METABRIC patients. In addition, the patients with IGF2R-positive expression had lower disease-free survival (DFS) rates than those with IGF2R-negative expression in the TNBC cohort (67.8% vs. 78.5%, P = 0.023). IGF2R expression also was significantly negatively correlated with TILs, particularly with CD8+ TILs and CD19+ TILs in the cohort of patients with TNBC. CONCLUSION IGF2R can be used as an indicator of a poor prognosis in patients with TNBC and as a potential target and research direction for TNBC immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Chang Q, Chang L, Li M, Fan L, Bao S, Wang X, Liu L. Nanobiotherapeutic strategies to target immune microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4083-4102. [PMID: 36225648 PMCID: PMC9548023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype with the least favourable outcomes in breast cancer. Besides chemotherapy, there is a chronic lack of other effective treatments. Advances in omic technologies have liberated us from the ambiguity of TNBC heterogeneity in terms of cancer cell and immune microenvironment in recent years. This new understanding of TNBC pathology has already led to the exploitation of novel nanoparticulate systems, including tumor vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and antibody derivatives. The revolutionary ideas in the therapeutic landscape provide new opportunities for TNBC patients. Translating these experimental medicines into clinical benefit is both appreciated and challenging. In this review, we describe the prospective nanobiotherapy of TNBC that has been developed to overcome clinical obstacles, and provide our vision for this booming field at the overlap of cancer biotherapy and nanomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Xi’an Technological UniversityXi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Mo Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shunchao Bao
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Bhise A, Park H, Lee W, Sarkar S, Ha YS, Rajkumar S, Nam B, Lim JE, Huynh PT, Lee K, Son JY, Kim JY, Lee KC, Yoo J. Preclinical Evaluation of hnRNPA2B1 Antibody in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells via PET Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081677. [PMID: 36015303 PMCID: PMC9415040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Because TNBC lacks the expression of commonly targeted receptors, it is challenging to develop a new imaging agent for this cancer subtype. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA–protein complexes that have been linked to tumor development and progression. Considering the high expression of hnRNPA2B1, an hnRNP subtype, in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, this study aimed to develop a novel hnRNPA2B1 antibody-based nuclear imaging agent. The hnRNPA2B1-specific antibody was radiolabeled with 64Cu and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The trans-cyclooctene (TCO) was functionalized on the antibody to obtain hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and reactive tetrazine (Tz) on the ultrastable bifunctional chelator PCB-TE2A-alkyne to yield PCB-TE2A-Tz for the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction. The 64Cu-radiolabeled antibody was administered and imaged at 1–18 h time points for conventional imaging. Alternatively, the unlabeled antibody conjugate was administered, and 48 h later radiolabeled 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was administered to the same mice for the pretargeting strategy and imaged at the same time intervals for direct comparison. The tumor was successfully visualized in both strategies, and comparatively, pretargeting showed superior results. The 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was successfully clicked at the tumor site with hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and the non-clicked were concurrently eliminated. This led to increase the tumor uptake with extremely high tumor-to-background ratio manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Bhise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Kiwoong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-4947
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16
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Dewi C, Fristiohady A, Amalia R, Khairul Ikram NK, Ibrahim S, Muchtaridi M. Signaling Pathways and Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123661. [PMID: 35744786 PMCID: PMC9227697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, having a poor prognosis and rapid metastases. TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) expressions and has a five-year survival rate. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC patients only respond to conventional chemotherapies, and even then, with limited success. Shortages of chemotherapeutic medication can lead to resistance, pressured index therapy, non-selectivity, and severe adverse effects. Finding targeted treatments for TNBC is difficult owing to the various features of cancer. Hence, identifying the most effective molecular targets in TNBC pathogenesis is essential for predicting response to targeted therapies and preventing TNBC cell metastases. Nowadays, natural compounds have gained attention as TNBC treatments, and have offered new strategies for solving drug resistance. Here, we report a systematic review using the database from Pubmed, Science Direct, MDPI, BioScince, Springer, and Nature for articles screening from 2003 to 2022. This review analyzes relevant signaling pathways and the prospect of utilizing natural compounds as a therapeutic agent to improve TNBC treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari 93561, Indonesia
| | - Adryan Fristiohady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari 93232, Indonesia;
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Sugeng Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Semarang 50234, Indonesia;
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Joe NS, Godet I, Milki N, Ain NUI, Oza HH, Riggins GJ, Gilkes DM. Mebendazole prevents distant organ metastases in part by decreasing ITGβ4 expression and cancer stemness. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:98. [PMID: 36578038 PMCID: PMC9798635 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women. Approximately 15-20% of all breast cancers are highly invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and lack estrogen, progesterone, and ERBB2 receptors. TNBC is challenging to treat due to its aggressive nature with far fewer targeted therapies than other breast cancer subtypes. Current treatments for patients with TNBC consist of cytotoxic chemotherapies, surgery, radiation, and in some instances PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy. To advance current therapeutics, we repurposed mebendazole (MBZ), an orally available FDA-approved anthelmintic that has shown preclinical efficacy for cancers. MBZ has low toxicity in humans and efficacy in multiple cancer models including breast cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma, colon cancer, pancreatic and thyroid cancer. MBZ was well-tolerated in a phase I clinical trial of adults recently diagnosed with glioma. We determined that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MBZ in four breast cancer cell lines is well within the range reported for other types of cancer. MBZ reduced TNBC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest. MBZ reduced the size of primary tumors and prevented lung and liver metastases. In addition, we uncovered a novel mechanism of action for MBZ. We found that MBZ reduces integrin β4 (ITGβ4) expression and cancer stem cell properties. ITGβ4 has previously been implicated in promoting "cancer stemness," which may contribute to the efficacy of MBZ. Collectively, our results contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that MBZ should be considered as a therapeutic to slow tumor progression and prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S. Joe
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Inês Godet
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Nubaira Milki
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Noor U. I. Ain
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311NIH NIDDK Short-Term Research Experience Program to Unlock Potential (STEP-UP), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Harsh H. Oza
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Gregory J. Riggins
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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