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Stătescu L, Trandafir LM, Țarcă E, Moscalu M, Leon Constantin MM, Butnariu LI, Trandafirescu MF, Tîrnovanu MC, Heredea R, Pătrașcu AV, Botezat D, Cojocaru E. Advancing Cancer Research: Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11176. [PMID: 37446352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers require a multidisciplinary approach. The updated guidelines introduce new insights into the management of these diseases. Melanoma (MM), the third most common skin cancer, a malignant melanocytic tumor, which is classified into four major histological subtypes, continues to have the potential to be a lethal disease. The mortality-incidence ratio is higher in Eastern European countries compared to Western European countries, which shows the need for better prevention and early detection in Eastern European countries. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain the top two skin cancers, and their incidence continues to grow. The gold standard in establishing the diagnosis and establishing the histopathological subtype in BCC and SCC is a skin biopsy. Sebaceous carcinoma (SeC) is an uncommon and potentially aggressive cutaneous malignancy showing sebaceous differentiation. It accounts for 0.7% of skin cancers and 3-6.7% of cancer-related deaths. Due to the rapid extension to the regional lymph nodes, SeC requires early treatment. The main treatment for sebaceous carcinoma is surgical treatment, including Mohs micrographic surgery, which has the advantage of complete margin evaluation and low recurrence rates. Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases, with no evidence of extracutaneous determination at the moment of the diagnosis. PCLs have usually a very different evolution, prognosis, and treatment compared to the lymphomas that may secondarily involve the skin. The aim of our review is to summarize the important changes in the approach to treating melanoma, non-melanoma skin, cutaneous T and B cell lymphomas, and other types of skin cancers. For all skin cancers, optimal patient management requires a multidisciplinary approach including dermatology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stătescu
- Medical III Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II-Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Rodica Heredea
- Department of Clinical Practical Skills, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Valentin Pătrașcu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Doru Botezat
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Vladimirova O, Soldan S, Su C, Kossenkov A, Ngalamika O, Tso FY, West JT, Wood C, Lieberman PM. Elevated iNOS and 3'-nitrotyrosine in Kaposi's Sarcoma tumors and mouse model. Tumour Virus Res 2023; 15:200259. [PMID: 36863485 PMCID: PMC10009278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2023.200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a heterogenous, multifocal vascular malignancy caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we show that KS lesions express iNOS/NOS2 broadly throughout KS lesions, with enrichment in LANA positive spindle cells. The iNOS byproduct 3-nitrotyrosine is also enriched in LANA positive tumor cells and colocalizes with a fraction of LANA-nuclear bodies. We show that iNOS is highly expressed in the L1T3/mSLK tumor model of KS. iNOS expression correlated with KSHV lytic cycle gene expression, which was elevated in late-stage tumors (>4 weeks) but to a lesser degree in early stage (1 week) xenografts. Further, we show that L1T3/mSLK tumor growth is sensitive to an inhibitor of nitric oxide, L-NMMA. L-NMMA treatment reduced KSHV gene expression and perturbed cellular gene pathways relating to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction. These finding suggest that iNOS is expressed in KSHV infected endothelial-transformed tumor cells in KS, that iNOS expression depends on tumor microenvironment stress conditions, and that iNOS enzymatic activity contributes to KS tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chenhe Su
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Owen Ngalamika
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, University Teaching Hospitals, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - For Yue Tso
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S Scott Cancer Center, State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John T West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S Scott Cancer Center, State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S Scott Cancer Center, State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Paksoy N, Khanmammadov N, Doğan İ, Ferhatoğlu F, Ahmed MA, Karaman S, Aydiner A. Weekly paclitaxel treatment in the first-line therapy of classic Kaposi sarcoma: A real-life study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32866. [PMID: 36749246 PMCID: PMC9901949 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma is an angioproliferative disease associated with human herpes virus 8 infection. Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) usually develops in older age. Although CKS often does not require systemic therapy, systemic therapy can be administered in progressively symptomatic patients. In this real-life study, we purposed to determine effectiveness and safety of weekly paclitaxel therapy in the first-line treatment of CKS. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical data of 44 patients with CKS who received first-line paclitaxel therapy between January 2000 and December 2020. Paclitaxel was administered by intravenous infusion 80 to 100 mg/weekly. The median age of the patients was 67 years (range, 39-86 years), and majority male (77.2%). All patients had cutaneous involvement in extremities. The median follow-up time from paclitaxel treatment was 39.1 (range, 3.7-173.5) months. The median progression free survival from start of therapy was 35.1 months (range, 2-144 months). Complete response, partial response and stable disease were observed in 7 (15.9%), 28 (63.7%) and 6 (13.6) patients, respectively. Objective control rate was 79.6%, and the median response time after the last dose of paclitaxel was 18.2 months. A total of 4 patients (9.1%) had grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, but it was not complicated by febrile neutropenia. Three patients (6.8%) experienced grade 3 to 4 peripheral neuropathy. No patient had grade 3 to 4 allergic reaction. There was no drug-related death. According to our results, paclitaxel is an effective therapy option with an acceptable safety profile for patients with advanced CKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Paksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Nail Paksoy, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Nijat Khanmammadov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İzzet Doğan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ferhatoğlu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melin Aydan Ahmed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Karaman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adnan Aydiner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gothland A, Jary A, Grange P, Leducq V, Beauvais-Remigereau L, Dupin N, Marcelin AG, Calvez V. Harnessing Redox Disruption to Treat Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Related Malignancies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010084. [PMID: 36670946 PMCID: PMC9854560 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism is regarded as a hallmark of cancer and offers a selective advantage to tumor cells during carcinogenesis. The redox equilibrium is necessary for growth, spread and the antioxidant pathways are boosted following Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production to prevent cell damage in tumor cells. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma KS and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), is an oncogenic virus that disrupts cell survival-related molecular signaling pathways leading to immune host evasion, cells growths, angiogenesis and inflammatory tumor-environment. We recently reported that primaquine diphosphate causes cell death by apoptosis in HHV-8 infected PEL cell lines in vivo and exhibits therapeutic anti-tumor activity in mice models and advanced KS. Our findings also suggest that the primaquine-induced apoptosis in PEL cells is mostly influenced by ROS production and targeting the redox balance could be a new approach to treat HHV-8 related diseases. In this review, we summarized the knowledge about the influence of ROS in cancer development; more specifically, the proof of evidence from our work and from the literature that redox pathways are important for the development of HHV-8 pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélie Gothland
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Department of Virology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aude Jary
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Department of Virology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (V.C.); Tel.: +33-1-42-17-74-01 (A.J.)
| | - Philippe Grange
- Cutaneous Biology Lab, INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, 24 Rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, CeGGID et CNR IST Bactériennes, Hôpital Cochin Site Port Royale, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Valentin Leducq
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Department of Virology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Dupin
- Cutaneous Biology Lab, INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, 24 Rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, CeGGID et CNR IST Bactériennes, Hôpital Cochin Site Port Royale, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Department of Virology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Department of Virology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (V.C.); Tel.: +33-1-42-17-74-01 (A.J.)
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Kaposi Sarcoma, a Trifecta of Pathogenic Mechanisms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051242. [PMID: 35626397 PMCID: PMC9140574 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma is a rare disease with four known variants: classic, epidemic, endemic and iatrogenic (transplant-related), all caused by an oncogenic virus named Human Herpes Virus 8. The viral infection in itself, along with the oncogenic properties of HHV8 and with immune system dysfunction, forms the grounds on which Kaposi’s Sarcoma may develop. Infection with HHV8 occurs through saliva via close contacts, blood, blood products, solid organ donation and, rarely, vertical transmission. Chronic inflammation and oncogenesis are promoted by a mix of viral genes that directly promote cell survival and transformation or interfere with the regular cell cycle and cell signaling (of particular note: LANA-1, v-IL6, vBCL-2, vIAP, vIRF3, vGPCR, gB, K1, K8.1, K15). The most common development sites for Kaposi’s sarcoma are the skin, mucocutaneous zones, lymph nodes and visceral organs, but it can also rarely appear in the musculoskeletal system, urinary system, endocrine organs, heart or eye. Histopathologically, spindle cell proliferation with slit-like vascular spaces, plasma cell and lymphocyte infiltrate are characteristic. The clinical presentation is heterogenic depending on the variant; some patients have indolent disease and others have aggressive disease. The treatment options include highly active antiretroviral therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. A literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases with a combination of keywords with the aim to provide critical, concise, and comprehensive insights into advances in the pathogenic mechanism of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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