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Vetyskova V, Hubalek M, Sulc J, Prochazka J, Vondrasek J, Vydra Bousova K. Proteolytic profiles of two isoforms of human AMBN expressed in E. coli by MMP-20 and KLK-4 proteases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24564. [PMID: 38298721 PMCID: PMC10828707 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastin is a protein in biomineralization of tooth enamel. However recent results indicate that this is probably not its only role in an organism. Enamel matrix formation represents a complex process enabled via specific crosslinking of two proteins - the most abundant amelogenin and the ameloblastin (AMBN). The human AMBN (hAMBN) gene possesses 13 protein coding exons with alternatively spliced transcripts and the longest isoform about 447 amino acid residues. It has been described that AMBN molecules in vitro assemble into oligomers via a sequence encoded by exon 5. Enamel is formed by the processing of enamel proteins by two specific proteases - enamelysin (MMP-20) and kallikrein 4 (KLK-4). The scaffold made of AMEL and non-amelogenin proteins is cleaved and removed from the developed tooth enamel. The hAMBN is expressed in two isoforms (ISO I and II), which could lead to their different utilization determined by distinct proteolytic profiles. In this study, we compared proteolytic profiles of both isoforms of hAMBN expressed in E. coli after proteolysis by MMP-20, KLK-4, and their 1:2 mixture. Proteolysis products were analysed and cleavage sites were identified by mass spectrometry. The proteolytic profiles of two AMBN isoforms showed different results, although we have to determine that the analysed AMBN was not post-translationally modified as expressed in prokaryotic cells. These results may lead to the suggestion of potentially divergent roles of AMBN isoforms cleavage products in various cell signalling pathways such as calcium buffering or signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vetyskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubalek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Sulc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 5, 14000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vydra Bousova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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Reseland JE, Heyward CA, Samara A. Revisiting ameloblastin; addressing the EMT-ECM axis above and beyond oral biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1251540. [PMID: 38020879 PMCID: PMC10679718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1251540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastin (AMBN) is best characterized for its role in dental enamel formation, regulating cell differentiation and mineralization, and cell matrix adhesion. However, AMBN has also been detected in mesenchymal stem cells in addition to bone, blood, and adipose tissue. Using immunofluorescence in a pilot scheme, we identified that AMBN is expressed in different parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AMBN mRNA and protein detection in several tissues along the length of the GI tract suggests a role for AMBN in the structure and tissue integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Intracellular AMBN expression in subsets of cells indicates a potential alternative role in signaling processes. Of note, our previous functional AMBN promoter analyses had shown that it contains epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulatory elements. ΑΜΒΝ is herein presented as a paradigm shift of the possible associations and the spatiotemporal regulation of the ECM regulating the EMT and vice versa, using the example of AMBN expression beyond oral biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne E. Reseland
- Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction (FUTURE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine A. Heyward
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina Samara
- Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction (FUTURE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Qian S, Lin S, Xu X, Bai H, Yeerken A, Ying X, Li Z, Fei X, Yang J, Tang M, Wang J, Jin M, Chen K. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor lncRNA MEF2C-AS1 frequently happened in patients at all stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:111. [PMID: 36064442 PMCID: PMC9446566 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel long noncoding RNA MEF2C-AS1 has been identified to play suppressor roles during tumorigenesis. DNA methylation has a regulatory effect on gene expression in cancer initiation and progression. However, the methylation status of MEF2C-AS1 and its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remain unclear. Methods The expression and methylation levels of MEF2C-AS1 were systematically analyzed among 31 cancers with available qualified data in GEPIA and UCSC Xena databases. Then, the MEF2C-AS1 methylation status was firstly examined among 12 CRCs by Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in in-house step 1 and further quantified among 48 CRCs by the MassARRAY method in in-house step 2. Subsequently, its methylation and expression levels were quantified among 81 non-advanced adenomas (NAAs), 81 advanced adenomas (AAs), and 286 CRCs using the MassARRAY method, and among 34 NAAs, 45 AAs, and 75 CRCs by qRT-PCR, in in-house step 3, respectively. The effect of MEF2C-AS1 methylation on CRC survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Additionally, in vitro cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to explore the role of MEF2C-AS1 in colorectal carcinogenesis. Results Lower expression and higher methylation of MEF2C-AS1 were found in CRC by online databases. In the comparisons of lesion tissues with adjacent normal tissues, MEF2C-AS1 hypermethylation of each individual site and mean level was found among CRC patients in in-house step 1 and step 2, more meaningfully, among NAA patients, AA patients, and CRC patients at all stages during colorectal carcinogenesis in in-house step 3 (all p < 0.05). Further comparisons demonstrated significant differences between CRC and NAA (p = 0.025), AA and NAA (p = 0.020). Moreover, MEF2C-AS1 hypermethylation was associated with poorer disease-specific survival of CRC patients (p = 0.044). In addition, hypermethylation and lower expression of MEF2C-AS1 were verified in RKO cells, and the MEF2C-AS1 overexpression significantly suppressed RKO cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusions The findings reveal that MEF2C-AS1 hypermethylation might be an early driven event during colorectal carcinogenesis. It might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC survival. Our study also indicates the potential tumor-suppressing role of MEF2C-AS1 in CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01328-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangni Qian
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Public Health, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aibuta Yeerken
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojiang Ying
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xinglin Fei
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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