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Chung HW, Park KS, Lim I, Noh WC, Yoo YB, Nam SE, So Y, Lee EJ. PET/MRI and Novel Targets for Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:172. [PMID: 38255277 PMCID: PMC10813582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, with its global prevalence and impact on women's health, necessitates effective early detection and accurate staging for optimal patient outcomes. Traditional imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play crucial roles in local-regional assessment, while bone scintigraphy and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) aid in evaluating distant metastasis. Despite the proven utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in various cancers, its limitations in breast cancer, such as high false-negative rates for small and low-grade tumors, have driven exploration into novel targets for PET radiotracers, including estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, fibroblast activation protein, and hypoxia. The advent of PET/MRI, which combines metabolic PET information with high anatomical detail from MRI, has emerged as a promising tool for breast cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment response assessment, and restaging. Technical advancements including the integration of PET and MRI, considerations in patient preparation, and optimized imaging protocols contribute to the success of dedicated breast and whole-body PET/MRI. This comprehensive review offers the current technical aspects and clinical applications of PET/MRI for breast cancer. Additionally, novel targets in breast cancer for PET radiotracers beyond glucose metabolism are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (H.W.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (W.C.N.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.E.N.)
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhan Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (W.C.N.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.E.N.)
| | - Young Bum Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (W.C.N.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.E.N.)
| | - Sang Eun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (W.C.N.); (Y.B.Y.); (S.E.N.)
| | - Young So
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (H.W.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, 156 Sinnae-ro, Jungnang-gu, Seoul 02053, Republic of Korea;
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