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Tonon G. Myeloma and DNA damage. Blood 2024; 143:488-495. [PMID: 37992215 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT DNA-damaging agents have represented the first effective treatment for the blood cancer multiple myeloma, and after 65 years since their introduction to the clinic, they remain one of the mainstay therapies for this disease. Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. Despite exceedingly slow proliferation, myeloma cells present extended genomic rearrangements and intense genomic instability, starting at the premalignant stage of the disease. Where does such DNA damage stem from? A reliable model argues that the powerful oncogenes activated in myeloma as well the phenotypic peculiarities of cancer plasma cells, including the dependency on the proteasome for survival and the constant presence of oxidative stress, all converge on modulating DNA damage and repair. Beleaguered by these contraposing forces, myeloma cells survive in a precarious balance, in which the robust engagement of DNA repair mechanisms to guarantee cell survival is continuously challenged by rampant genomic instability, essential for cancer cells to withstand hostile selective pressures. Shattering this delicate equilibrium has been the goal of the extensive use of DNA-damaging agents since their introduction in the clinic, now enriched by novel approaches that leverage upon synthetic lethality paradigms. Exploiting the impairment of homologous recombination caused by myeloma genetic lesions or treatments, it is now possible to design therapeutic combinations that could target myeloma cells more effectively. Furthermore, DNA-damaging agents, as demonstrated in solid tumors, may sensitize cells to immune therapies. In all, targeting DNA damage and repair remains as central as ever in myeloma, even for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Center for Omics Sciences, Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Didamson OC, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Aluminium phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy induces ATM-related DNA damage response and apoptosis in human oesophageal cancer cells. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1338802. [PMID: 38347844 PMCID: PMC10859414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1338802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based technique used in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant tissue. Aluminium-phthalocyanine chloride tetra sulfonate (AlPcS4Cl)-mediated PDT has been well investigated on several cancer types, including oesophageal cancer. However, the effects of (AlPcS4Cl)-mediated PDT on DNA damage response and the mechanism of cell death in oesophageal cancer needs further investigation. Methods Here, we examined the in vitro effects of AlPcS4Cl-mediated PDT on cell cycle, DNA damage response, oxidative stress, and intrinsic apoptotic cell death pathway in HKESC-1 oesophageal cancer cells. The HKESC-1 cells were exposed to PDT using a semiconductor laser diode (673.2 nm, 5 J/cm2 fluency). Cell viability and cytotoxicity were determined by the ATP cell viability assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, respectively. Cell cycle and DNA damage response (DDR) analyses were conducted using the Muse™ cell cycle kit and the Muse® multi-color DNA damage kit, respectively. The mode of cell death was identified using the Annexin V-FITC/PI detection assay and Muse® Autophagy LC3 antibody-based kit. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway was investigated by measuring the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) function, cytochrome c levels and the activity of caspase 3/7 enzymes. Results The results show that AlPcS4Cl-based PDT reduced cell viability, induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and DNA double-strand break (DSB) through the upregulation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a DNA damage sensor. In addition, the findings showed that AlPcS4Cl-based PDT induced cell death via apoptosis, which is observed through increased ROS production, reduced ΔΨm, increased cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase 3/7 enzyme. Finally, no autophagy was observed in the AlPcS4Cl-mediated PDT-treated cells. Conclusion Our findings showed that apoptotic cell death is the main cell death mechanism triggered by AlPcS4Cl-mediated PDT in oesophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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David L, Onaciu A, Toma V, Borșa RM, Moldovan C, Țigu AB, Cenariu D, Șimon I, Știufiuc GF, Carasevici E, Drăgoi B, Tomuleasa C, Știufiuc RI. Understanding DNA Epigenetics by Means of Raman/SERS Analysis for Cancer Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38248418 PMCID: PMC10813173 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate interaction between DNA and nanosystems, exploring its potential implications for biomedical applications. The focus lies in understanding the adsorption geometry of DNA when in proximity to plasmonic nanoparticles, utilizing ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy techniques. Employing a combined Raman-SERS analysis, we conducted an in-depth examination to clarify the molecular geometry of interactions between DNA and silver nanoparticles. Our findings also reveal distinctive spectral features regarding DNA samples due to their distinctive genome stability. To understand the subtle differences occurring between normal and cancerous DNA, their thermal stability was investigated by means of SERS measurement performed before and after a thermal treatment at 94 °C. It was proved that thermal treatment did not affect DNA integrity in the case of normal cells. On the other hand, due to epimutation pattern that characterizes cancerous DNA, variations between spectra recorded before and after heat treatment were observed, suggesting genome instability. These findings highlight the potential of DNA analysis using SERS for cancer detection. They demonstrate the applicability of this approach to overcoming challenges associated with low DNA concentrations (e.g., circulating tumor DNA) that occur in biofluids. In conclusion, this research contributes significant insights into the nanoscale behavior of DNA in the presence of nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca David
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Onaciu
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Toma
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Rareș-Mario Borșa
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Moldovan
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Țigu
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Diana Cenariu
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Ioan Șimon
- Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Eugen Carasevici
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Brîndușa Drăgoi
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hematology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, “Ion Chiricuta” Clinical Cancer Center, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Știufiuc
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (V.T.); (R.-M.B.); (C.M.); (A.-B.Ț.); (D.C.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (B.D.)
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