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Wang M, Ye X, Bi H, Shen Z. Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 38254224 PMCID: PMC10804497 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of microalgal biofuels is of significant importance in advancing the energy transition, alleviating food pressure, preserving the natural environment, and addressing climate change. Numerous countries and regions across the globe have conducted extensive research and strategic planning on microalgal bioenergy, investing significant funds and manpower into this field. However, the microalgae biofuel industry has faced a downturn due to the constraints of high costs. In the past decade, with the development of new strains, technologies, and equipment, the feasibility of large-scale production of microalgae biofuel should be re-evaluated. Here, we have gathered research results from the past decade regarding microalgae biofuel production, providing insights into the opportunities and challenges faced by this industry from the perspectives of microalgae selection, modification, and cultivation. In this review, we suggest that highly adaptable microalgae are the preferred choice for large-scale biofuel production, especially strains that can utilize high concentrations of inorganic carbon sources and possess stress resistance. The use of omics technologies and genetic editing has greatly enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae. However, the associated risks have constrained the feasibility of large-scale outdoor cultivation. Therefore, the relatively controllable cultivation method of photobioreactors (PBRs) has made it the mainstream approach for microalgae biofuel production. Moreover, adjusting the performance and parameters of PBRs can also enhance lipid accumulation in microalgae. In the future, given the relentless escalation in demand for sustainable energy sources, microalgae biofuels should be deemed a pivotal constituent of national energy planning, particularly in the case of China. The advancement of synthetic biology helps reduce the risks associated with genetically modified (GM) microalgae and enhances the economic viability of their biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hongwen Bi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhongbao Shen
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Bhat O, Unpaprom Y, Ramaraj R. Spirulina Cultivation Under Different light-emitting Diodes for Boosting Biomass and Protein Production. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00842-8. [PMID: 37535158 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biomass and pigments have a high economic value due to their many biological and commercial applications. In this sense, Spirulina platensis was grown under different (LEDs) light-emitting diodes. The current examination aims to increase the biomass production of S. platensis by formulating an optimal growth condition under different LED lights. Light-emitting diodes have a precise wavelength that has an encouraging effect on microalgae biomass production. For this purpose, the light intensity of 3000 lx was used to illuminate the culture medium, resulting in enhanced S. platensis biomass production. The highest optical density of 0.576 and dry cell weight of 0.343 g/L was recorded for the white light-emitting diode, and the red light-emitting diode, the optical density of 0.479 and dry cell weight of 0.321 g/L was recorded. The highest protein content of 66.10 ± 0.44% was registered with a blue light-emitting diode, followed by a white light-emitting diode with a protein content of 60.86 ± 0.39%. This research is an essential step in defining the light condition that might be useful to increase the biomass production of S. platensis. The study's findings demonstrated that exposure to various light-emitting diode colors could enhance both the quality and quantity of biomass produced in S. platensis cultures and encourage the use of light-emitting diodes as a light source for S. platensis farming without any undesirable effects on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Bhat
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
- Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Yuwalee Unpaprom
- Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Rameshprabu Ramaraj
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
- Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
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Liakh I, Harshkova D, Hrouzek P, Bišová K, Aksmann A, Wielgomas B. Green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can effectively remove diclofenac from the water environment - A new perspective on biotransformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131570. [PMID: 37163898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of unicellular algae to remove xenobiotics (including drugs) from wastewaters is one of the rapidly developing areas of environmental protection. Numerous data indicate that for efficient phycoremediation three processes are important, i.e. biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation. Although biosorption and bioaccumulation do not raise any serious doubts, biotransformation is more problematic since its products can be potentially more toxic than the parent compounds posing a threat to organisms living in a given environment, including organisms that made this transformation. Thus, two questions need to be answered before the proper algae strain is chosen for phycoremediation, namely what metabolites are produced during biotransformation, and how resistant is the analyzed strain to a mixture of parent compound and metabolites that appear over the course of culture? In this work, we evaluated the remediation potential of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in relation to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as exemplified by diclofenac. To achieve this, we analysed the susceptibility of C. reinhardtii to diclofenac as well as its capability to biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of the drug. We have found that even at a relatively high concentration of diclofenac the algae maintained their vitality and were able to remove (37.7%) DCF from the environment. A wide range of phase I and II metabolites of diclofenac (38 transformation products) was discovered, with many of them characteristic rather for animal and bacterial biochemical pathways than for plant metabolism. Due to such a large number of detected products, 18 of which were not previously reported, the proposed scheme of diclofenac transformation by C. reinhardtii not only significantly contributes to broadening the knowledge in this field, but also allows to suggest possible pathways of degradation of xenobiotics with a similar structure. It is worth pointing out that a decrease in the level of diclofenac in the media observed in this study cannot be fully explained by biotransformation (8.4%). The mass balance analysis indicates that other processes (total 22%), such as biosorption, a non-extractable residue formation, or complete decomposition in metabolic cycles can be involved in the diclofenac disappearance, and those findings open the prospects of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Darya Harshkova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Krivina E, Sinetova M, Savchenko T, Degtyaryov E, Tebina E, Temraleeva A. Micractinium lacustre and M. thermotolerans spp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): Taxonomy, temperature-dependent growth, photosynthetic characteristics and fatty acid composition. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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Allakhverdiev SI. 10th Anniversary of Cells-Advances in Plant, Algae and Fungi Cell Biology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233759. [PMID: 36497019 PMCID: PMC9738841 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021, the 10th anniversary of the publication of Cells occurred [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
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Kselíková V, Husarčíková K, Mojzeš P, Zachleder V, Bišová K. Cultivation of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Desmodesmus quadricauda in highly deuterated media: Balancing the light intensity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:960862. [PMID: 36131720 PMCID: PMC9483122 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.960862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of organic deuterated compounds in microalgal systems represents a cheaper and more versatile alternative to more complicated chemical synthesis. In the present study, we investigate the autotrophic growth of two microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Desmodesmus quadricauda, in medium containing high doses of deuterated water, D2O. The growth of such cultures was evaluated in the context of the intensity of incident light, since light is a critical factor in the management of autotrophic algal cultures. Deuteration increases the light sensitivity of both model organisms, resulting in increased levels of singlet oxygen and poorer photosynthetic performance. Our results also show a slowdown in growth and cell division processes with increasing D2O concentrations. At the same time, impaired cell division leads to cell enlargement and accumulation of highly deuterated compounds, especially energy-storing molecules. Thus, considering the specifics of highly deuterated cultures and using the growth conditions proposed in this study, it is possible to obtain highly deuterated algal biomass, which could be a valuable source of deuterated organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kselíková
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Kamila Husarčíková
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vilém Zachleder
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Kateřina Bišová,
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Bialevich V, Zachleder V, Bišová K. The Effect of Variable Light Source and Light Intensity on the Growth of Three Algal Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081293. [PMID: 35455972 PMCID: PMC9028354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is the essential energy source for autotrophically growing organisms, including microalgae. Both light intensity and light quality affect cell growth and biomass composition. Here we used three green algae—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus quadricauda, and Parachlorella kessleri—to study the effects of different light intensities and light spectra on their growth. Cultures were grown at three different light intensities (100, 250, and 500 µmol m−2 s−1) and three different light sources: fluorescent lamps, RGB LEDs, and white LEDs. Cultures of Desmodesmus quadricauda and Parachlorella kessleri were saturated at 250 µmol m−2 s−1, and further increasing the light intensity did not improve their growth. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures did not reach saturation under the conditions used. All species usually divide into more than two daughter cells by a mechanism called multiple fission. Increasing light intensity resulted in an increase in maximum cell size and division into more daughter cells. In Parachlorella kessleri cells, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased with light intensity. Different light sources had no effect on algal growth or photosynthetic pigments. The results show a species-specific response of algae to light intensity and support the use of any white light source for their cultivation without negative effects on growth.
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