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Benavent N, Cañete A, Argilés B, Juan-Ribelles A, Bonanad S, Oto J, Medina P. Delving into the clinical impact of NETs in pediatric cancer. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03437-4. [PMID: 39095576 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric cancer, a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases, continues to challenge medical research and treatment strategies. Despite advances in precision medicine and immunotherapy, certain aggressive subtypes of pediatric cancer are resistant to conventional therapies, requiring further exploration of potential therapeutic targets. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), net-like structures released by neutrophils, have emerged as a potential player in the pediatric cancer landscape. However, our understanding of their role in pediatric oncology remains limited. This systematic review examines the current state of the NETs literature in pediatric cancer, focusing on the most frequent subtypes. The review reveals the scarcity of research in this area, highlighting the need for further investigation. The few studies available suggest that NETs may influence infection risk, treatment resistance and prognosis in certain pediatric malignancies. Although the field is still in its infancy, it holds great promise for advancing our understanding of pediatric cancer biology and potential therapeutic pathways. IMPACT: This review identifies a significant gap in research on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pediatric cancer. It provides a summary of existing studies and their promising findings and potential, as well as a comprehensive overview of current research on NETs in certain tumor types. It also emphasizes the lack of specific studies in pediatric cancer. The review encourages the prioritization of NET research in pediatric oncology, with the aim of improving prognosis and developing new treatments through increased understanding and targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Benavent
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Adela Cañete
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Pediatric Oncology and hematology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Argilés
- Pediatric Oncology and hematology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Juan-Ribelles
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Pediatric Oncology and hematology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Bonanad
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis Unit, Hematology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Chaiyawat P, Sangkhathat S, Chiangjong W, Wongtrakoongate P, Hongeng S, Pruksakorn D, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting pediatric solid tumors in the new era of RNA therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104406. [PMID: 38834094 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in pediatric cancer treatment, poor prognosis remained for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, given the limitations of approved targeted treatments and immunotherapies. RNA therapeutics offer significant potential for addressing a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Advances in manufacturing and delivery systems are paving the way for the rapid development of therapeutic RNAs for clinical applications. This review summarizes therapeutic RNA classifications and the mechanisms of action, highlighting their potential in manipulating major cancer-related pathways and biological effects. We also focus on the pre-clinical investigation of RNA molecules with efficient delivery systems for their therapeutic potential targeting pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; MILCH and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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3
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Padhye BD, Nawaz U, Hains PG, Reddel RR, Robinson PJ, Zhong Q, Poulos RC. Proteomic insights into paediatric cancer: Unravelling molecular signatures and therapeutic opportunities. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30980. [PMID: 38556739 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Survival rates in some paediatric cancers have improved greatly over recent decades, in part due to the identification of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive molecular signatures, and the development of risk-directed therapies. However, other paediatric cancers have proved difficult to treat, and there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers that reveal therapeutic opportunities. The proteome is the total set of expressed proteins present in a cell or tissue at a point in time, and is vastly more dynamic than the genome. Proteomics holds significant promise for cancer research, as proteins are ultimately responsible for cellular phenotype and are the target of most anticancer drugs. Here, we review the discoveries, opportunities and challenges of proteomic analyses in paediatric cancer, with a focus on mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches. Accelerating incorporation of proteomics into paediatric precision medicine has the potential to improve survival and quality of life for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna D Padhye
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Research, Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Urwah Nawaz
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Hains
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qing Zhong
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca C Poulos
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Qin S, Wu H, Li C, Yang J, Yan W, He Z, Xing X, Zhang J, Xu X, Zhao L, Su X. Detection of Naturally occurring abortive transcripts by Base-Stacking Hybridization Assisted Ligation and PCR amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116099. [PMID: 38330773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Abortive transcripts (ATs) refer to nascent 2-10 nucleotides (nt) RNAs released by RNA polymerases before synthesizing productive RNAs. The quantitative detection of ATs is important for studying transcription initiation and the biological function of ATs; however, no method is available for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of such ultra-short oligonucleotides (typically shorter than 11 nt) in vivo at present, even with the LNA probes, the detection limit can only reach 11 nt. Here, we demonstrated the base stacking hybridization assisted ligation (BSHAL) technique, combined with TaqMan-MGB qPCR, can detect 4-10 nt ATs with a specificity of nucleotide resolution and a sensitivity of approximately 10 pM. By this technique, we detected endogenous ATs in cell lines, mice plasmas, and mice liver tissues, respectively, and proved that naturally occurring ATs do exist. We found that the 8 nt ATs of HMSB and Gapdh could be used as reference ATs for data normalization in Homo and mouse respectively, and 8 nt ATs of Afp and Gpc3 were suitable for use as plasma biomarkers of Hepatocellular carcinoma in mouse, indicate ATs are promising biomarkers. This study offers opportunities to study ATs and other ultra-short oligonucleotides in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Qin
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Haizhu Wu
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Cailin Li
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
| | - Weiwei Yan
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Zhigui He
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Xuekun Xing
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xianglin Xu
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Xin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Rasic P, Jeremic M, Jeremic R, Dusanovic Pjevic M, Rasic M, Djuricic SM, Milickovic M, Vukadin M, Mijovic T, Savic D. Targeting B7-H3-A Novel Strategy for the Design of Anticancer Agents for Extracranial Pediatric Solid Tumors Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083356. [PMID: 37110590 PMCID: PMC10145344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific data recognize the B7-H3 checkpoint molecule as a potential target for immunotherapy of pediatric solid tumors (PSTs). B7-H3 is highly expressed in extracranial PSTs such as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma, whereas its expression is absent or very low in normal tissues and organs. The influence of B7-H3 on the biological behavior of malignant solid neoplasms of childhood is expressed through different molecular mechanisms, including stimulation of immune evasion and tumor invasion, and cell-cycle disruption. It has been shown that B7-H3 knockdown decreased tumor cell proliferation and migration, suppressed tumor growth, and enhanced anti-tumor immune response in some pediatric solid cancers. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting B7-H3 exhibited profound anti-tumor effects against preclinical models of pediatric solid malignancies. Moreover, B7-H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells demonstrated significant in vivo activity against different xenograft models of neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Finally, clinical studies demonstrated the potent anti-tumor activity of B7-H3-targeting antibody-radioimmunoconjugates in metastatic neuroblastoma. This review summarizes the established data from various PST-related studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research, and explains all the benefits and potential obstacles of targeting B7-H3 by novel immunotherapeutic agents designed to treat malignant extracranial solid tumors of childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Rasic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jeremic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Jeremic
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dusanovic Pjevic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Rasic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavisa M Djuricic
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Milickovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Vukadin
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Mijovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Savic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Liao J, Li X, Gan Y, Han S, Rong P, Wang W, Li W, Zhou L. Artificial intelligence assists precision medicine in cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:998222. [PMID: 36686757 PMCID: PMC9846804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.998222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major medical problem worldwide. Due to its high heterogeneity, the use of the same drugs or surgical methods in patients with the same tumor may have different curative effects, leading to the need for more accurate treatment methods for tumors and personalized treatments for patients. The precise treatment of tumors is essential, which renders obtaining an in-depth understanding of the changes that tumors undergo urgent, including changes in their genes, proteins and cancer cell phenotypes, in order to develop targeted treatment strategies for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) based on big data can extract the hidden patterns, important information, and corresponding knowledge behind the enormous amount of data. For example, the ML and deep learning of subsets of AI can be used to mine the deep-level information in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, radiomics, digital pathological images, and other data, which can make clinicians synthetically and comprehensively understand tumors. In addition, AI can find new biomarkers from data to assist tumor screening, detection, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction, so as to providing the best treatment for individual patients and improving their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhuang Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangze Han
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Splicing-Disrupting Mutations in Inherited Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235967. [PMID: 36497448 PMCID: PMC9739414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hereditary cancer in children was estimated to be very low until recent studies suggested that at least 10% of pediatric cancer patients carry a germline mutation in a cancer predisposition gene. A significant proportion of pathogenic variants associated with an increased risk of hereditary cancer are variants affecting splicing. RNA splicing is an essential process involved in different cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and alterations in this pathway have been implicated in many human cancers. Hereditary cancer genes are highly susceptible to splicing mutations, and among them there are several genes that may contribute to pediatric solid tumors when mutated in the germline. In this review, we have focused on the analysis of germline splicing-disrupting mutations found in pediatric solid tumors, as the discovery of pathogenic splice variants in pediatric cancer is a growing field for the development of personalized therapies. Therapies developed to correct aberrant splicing in cancer are also discussed as well as the options to improve the diagnostic yield based on the increase in the knowledge in splicing.
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