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Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. Remyelinating activities of Carvedilol or alpha lipoic acid in the Cuprizone-Induced rat model of demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110125. [PMID: 37028277 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology, MS is featured by multifocal demyelinated lesions distributed throughout the brain. It is assumed to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition. Therefore, different therapeutic approaches are aiming to stimulate remyelination which could be defined as an endogenous regeneration and repair of myelin in the central nervous system. Carvedilol is an adrenergic receptor antagonist. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant. Herein, we investigated the remyelination potential of Carvedilol or ALA post-Cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication. Carvedilol or ALA (20 mg/kg/d) was administrated orally for two weeks at the end of the five weeks of CPZ (0.6%) administration. CPZ provoked demyelination, enhanced oxidative stress, and stimulated neuroinflammation. Histological investigation of CPZ-induced brains showed obvious demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC). Both Carvedilol and ALA demonstrated remyelinating activities, with corresponding upregulation of the expression of MBP and PLP, the major myelin proteins, downregulation of the expression of TNF-α and MMP-9, and decrement of serum IFN-γ levels. Moreover, both Carvedilol and ALA alleviated oxidative stress, and ameliorated muscle fatigue. This study highlights the neurotherapeutic potential of Carvedilol or ALA in CPZ-induced demyelination, and offers a better model for the exploring of neuroregenerative strategies. The current study is the first to demonstrate a pro-remyelinating activity for Carvedilol, as compared to ALA, which might represent a potential additive benefit in halting demyelination and alleviating neurotoxicity. However, we could declare that Carvedilol showed a lower neuroprotective potential than ALA.
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Ibrahim Fouad G, Mabrouk M, El-Sayed SAM, Rizk MZ, Beherei HH. Neurotherapeutic efficacy of loaded sulforaphane on iron oxide nanoparticles against cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity: role of MMP-9 and S100β. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36775846 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2177219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Cuprizone (CUP) induces neurotoxicity and demyelination in animal models by provoking the activation of glial cells and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulforaphane (SF) is a phytochemical that exhibits a neuroprotective potential. In this study, we investigated the neurotherapeutic and pro-remyelinating activities of SF and SF-loaded within iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP-SF) in CUP-exposed rats. Magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared using the hydrothermal method that was further loaded with SF (IONP-SF). The loading of SF within the magnetite nanoparticles was assessed using FTIR, TEM, DLS, Zetasizer, and XPS. For the in vivo investigations, adult male Wistar rats (n = 40) were administrated either on a regular diet or a diet with CUP (0.2%) for 5 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups: negative control, CUP-induced, CUP + SF, and CUP + IONP-SF. CUP-exposed brains exhibited a marked elevation in lipid peroxidation, along with a significant decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). In addition, CUP intoxication downregulated the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), upregulated the expression of Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and S100β, and increased caspase-3 immunoexpression, these results were supported histopathologically in the cerebral cortexes. Treatment of CUP-rats with either SF or IONP-SF demonstrated remyelinating and neurotherapeutic activities. We could conclude that IONP-SF was more effective than free SF in mitigating the CUP-induced downregulation of MBP, upregulation of S100β, and caspase-3 immunoexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A M El-Sayed
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Z Rizk
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kang MS, Kwon HJ, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Won MH, Hwang IK. Changes in the expression of the B subunit of vacuolar H +-ATPase, in the hippocampus, following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1482-1487. [PMID: 35317120 PMCID: PMC8917849 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.59275.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vacuolar H+-ATPase is a highly conserved enzyme that plays an important role in maintaining an acidic environment for lysosomal function and accumulating neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles. In the present study, we investigated the time-dependent changes in the expression of vacuolar H+-ATPase V1B2 (ATP6V1B2), a major neuronal subtype of vacuolar H+-ATPase located in the hippocampus, after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. We also examined the pH and lactate levels in the hippocampus after ischemia to elucidate the correlation between ATP6V1B2 expression and acidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 min and animals were sacrificed at various time points after ischemia for immunohistochemical staining of ATP6V1B2 and measurements of pH and lactate levels in the hippocampus. RESULTS ATP6V1B2 immunoreactivity was found to be transiently increased in the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus 12-24 hr after ischemia when the pH and lactate levels were decreased. In addition, ATP6V1B2 immunoreactivity significantly increased in the hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus, regions relatively resistant to ischemic damage, 4 days after ischemia, when the NeuN-positive, mature neuron numbers were significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ATP6V1B2 expression is transiently increased in the hippocampus following ischemia, which may be intended to compensate for ischemia-related dysfunction of ATP6V1B2 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, ,Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341
| | | | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, ,Corresponding author: In Koo Hwang. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea. Tel: +82 2 8801271;
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Sehara Y, Hayashi Y, Ohba K, Uchibori R, Urabe M, Inutsuka A, Shimazaki K, Kawai K, Mizukami H. Higher Transduction Efficiency of AAV5 to Neural Stem Cells and Immature Neurons in Gerbil Dentate Gyrus Compared to AAV2 and rh10. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:76-85. [PMID: 34348481 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and high efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has facilitated their wide scale use to deliver therapeutic genes for experimental and clinical purposes in diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). AAV1, 2, 5, 8, 9, and rh10 are the most commonly used serotypes for CNS applications. Most AAVs are known to transduce genes predominantly into neurons. However, the precise tropism of AAVs in the dentate gyrus (DG), the region where persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain, is not fully understood. We stereotaxically injected 1.5 × 1010 viral genomes of AAV2, 5, or rh10 carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the right side of gerbil hippocampus, and performed immunofluorescent analysis using differentiation stage-specific markers one week after injection. We found that AAV5 showed a significantly larger number of double positive cells for GFP and Sox2 in the DG, compared to the AAV2 and rh10 groups. On the other hand, AAVrh10 presented a substantially larger number of double positive cells for GFP and NeuN in the DG, compared to AAV2 and AAV5. Our findings indicated that AAV5 showed high transduction efficiency to neural stem cells and precursor cells, while AAVrh10 showed much higher efficiency to mature neurons in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Sehara
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan, 329-0498;
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Masashi Urabe
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Ayumu Inutsuka
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
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Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Hwang IK, Choi GM, Chang IB, Kim DW, Moon SM. Tat-Endophilin A1 Fusion Protein Protects Neurons from Ischemic Damage in the Gerbil Hippocampus: A Possible Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation and Neuroinflammation Mitigation as Well as Synaptic Plasticity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020357. [PMID: 33572372 PMCID: PMC7916150 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of endophilin A1 (SH3GL2) against oxidative damage brought about by H2O2 in HT22 cells and ischemic damage induced upon transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Tat-SH3GL2 and its control protein (Control-SH3GL2) were synthesized to deliver it to the cells by penetrating the cell membrane and blood–brain barrier. Tat-SH3GL2, but not Control-SH3GL2, could be delivered into HT22 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and the hippocampus 8 h after treatment in gerbils. Tat-SH3GL2 was stably present in HT22 cells and degraded with time, by 36 h post treatment. Pre-incubation with Tat-SH3GL2, but not Control-SH3GL2, significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced cell death, DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species formation. SH3GL2 immunoreactivity was decreased in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region with time after ischemia, but it was maintained in the other regions after ischemia. Tat-SH3GL2 treatment in gerbils appreciably improved ischemia-induced hyperactivity 1 day after ischemia and the percentage of NeuN-immunoreactive surviving cells increased 4 days after ischemia. In addition, Tat-SH3GL2 treatment in gerbils alleviated the increase in lipid peroxidation as assessed by the levels of malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6; while the reduction of protein levels in markers for synaptic plasticity, such as postsynaptic density 95, synaptophysin, and synaptosome associated protein 25 after transient forebrain ischemia was also observed. These results suggest that Tat-SH3GL2 protects neurons from oxidative and ischemic damage by reducing lipid peroxidation and inflammation and improving synaptic plasticity after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (I.K.H.)
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (I.K.H.)
| | - Goang-Min Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea;
| | - In Bok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); or (S.M.M.); Tel.: +82-31-8086-2412 (ext. 2330) (S.M.M.)
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong 18450, Korea
- Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); or (S.M.M.); Tel.: +82-31-8086-2412 (ext. 2330) (S.M.M.)
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Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kang MS, Kim TH, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Chung JY, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Hwang IK. Pyridoxine Deficiency Exacerbates Neuronal Damage after Ischemia by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Reduces Proliferating Cells and Neuroblasts in the Gerbil Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155551. [PMID: 32759679 PMCID: PMC7432354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of pyridoxine deficiency on ischemic neuronal death in the hippocampus of gerbil (n = 5 per group). Serum pyridoxal 5′-phosphate levels were significantly decreased in Pyridoxine-deficient diet (PDD)-fed gerbils, while homocysteine levels were significantly increased in sham- and ischemia-operated gerbils. PDD-fed gerbil showed a reduction in neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-immunoreactive neurons in the medial part of the hippocampal CA1 region three days after. Reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis were found in PDD-fed gerbils, and transient ischemia caused the aggregation of activated microglia in the stratum pyramidale three days after ischemia. Lipid peroxidation was prominently increased in the hippocampus and was significantly higher in PDD-fed gerbils than in Control diet (CD)-fed gerbils after ischemia. In contrast, pyridoxine deficiency decreased the proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus in sham- and ischemia-operated gerbils. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels also significantly decreased in PDD-fed gerbils sham 24 h after ischemia. These results suggest that pyridoxine deficiency accelerates neuronal death by increasing serum homocysteine levels and lipid peroxidation, and by decreasing Nrf2 levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, it reduces the regenerated potentials in hippocampus by decreasing BDNF levels. Collectively, pyridoxine is an essential element in modulating cell death and hippocampal neurogenesis after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Jin Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
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