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Chang W, Chen L, Chen K. The bioengineering application of hyaluronic acid in tissue regeneration and repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132454. [PMID: 38763255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role of hyaluronic acid (HA) across diverse biomedical disciplines underscores its versatility in tissue regeneration and repair. HA hydrogels employ different crosslinking including chemical (chitosan, collagen), photo- initiation (riboflavin, LAP), enzymatic (HRP/H2O2), and physical interactions (hydrogen bonds, metal coordination). In biophysics and biochemistry, HA's signaling pathways, primarily through CD44 and RHAMM receptors, modulate cell behavior (cell migration; internalization of HA), inflammation, and wound healing. Particularly, smaller HA fragments stimulate inflammatory responses through toll-like receptors, impacting macrophages and cytokine expression. HA's implications in oncology highlight its involvement in tumor progression, metastasis, and treatment. Elevated HA in tumor stroma impacts apoptosis resistance and promotes tumor growth, presenting potential therapeutic targets to halt tumor progression. In orthopedics, HA's presence in synovial fluid aids in osteoarthritis management, as its supplementation alleviates pain, enhances synovial fluid's viscoelastic properties, and promotes cartilage integrity. In ophthalmology, HA's application in dry eye syndrome addresses symptoms by moisturizing the eyes, replenishing tear film deficiencies, and facilitating wound healing. Intravitreal injections and hydrogel-based systems offer versatile approaches for drug delivery and vitreous humor replacement. For skin regeneration and wound healing, HA hydrogel dressings exhibit exceptional properties by promoting moist wound healing and facilitating tissue repair. Integration of advanced regenerative tools like stem cells and solubilized amnion membranes into HA-based systems accelerates wound closure and tissue recovery. Overall, HA's unique properties and interactions render it a promising candidate across diverse biomedical domains, showcasing immense potentials in tissue regeneration and therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, many detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms of HA and its applications remain unexplored and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiTing Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - LiRu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National YangMing ChiaoTung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - KuoHu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Dong Y, Zhao K, Qin X, Du G, Gao L. The mechanisms of perineuronal net abnormalities in contributing aging and neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102092. [PMID: 37839757 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The perineuronal net (PNN) is a highly latticed extracellular matrix in the central nervous system, which is composed of hyaluronic acid, proteoglycan, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein (Hapln), and tenascin. PNN is predominantly distributed in GABAergic interneurons expressing Parvalbumin (PV) and plays a critical role in synaptic function, learning and memory, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, PNN's structure and function are also modulated by a variety of factors, including protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), orthodenticle homeo-box 2 (Otx2), and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a component of proteoglycan, also influences PNN through its sulfate mode. PNN undergoes abnormal changes during aging and in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, there is limited report on the relationship between PNN and aging or age-related neurological diseases. This review elaborates on the mechanisms governing PNN regulation and summarizes how PNN abnormalities contribute to aging and neurological diseases, offering insights for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
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Lv G, Wang B, Li L, Li Y, Li X, He H, Kuang L. Exosomes from dysfunctional chondrocytes affect osteoarthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats through FTO-dependent regulation of PIK3R5 mRNA stability. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:652-668. [PMID: 36066338 PMCID: PMC9533253 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.119.bjr-2021-0443.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Exosomes (exo) are involved in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the function of dysfunctional chondrocyte-derived exo (DC-exo) on OA in rats and rat macrophages. Methods Rat-derived chondrocytes were isolated, and DCs induced with interleukin (IL)-1β were used for exo isolation. Rats with OA (n = 36) or macrophages were treated with DC-exo or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Macrophage polarization and autophagy, and degradation and chondrocyte activity of cartilage tissues, were examined. RNA sequencing was used to detect genes differentially expressed in DC-exo, followed by RNA pull-down and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP). Long non-coding RNA osteoarthritis non-coding transcript (OANCT) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 (PIK3R5) were depleted in DC-exo-treated macrophages and OA rats, in order to observe macrophage polarization and cartilage degradation. The PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activity in cells and tissues was measured using western blot. Results DC-exo inhibited macrophage autophagy (p = 0.002) and promoted M1 macrophage polarization (p = 0.002). DC-exo at 20 μg/ml induced collagen degradation (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cell infiltration (p = 0.023) in rats. OANCT was elevated in DC (p < 0.001) and in cartilage tissues of OA patients (p < 0.001), and positively correlated with patients’ Kellgren-Lawrence grade (p < 0.001). PIK3R5 was increased in DC-exo-treated cartilage tissues (p < 0.001), and OANCT bound to fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) (p < 0.001). FTO bound to PIK3R5 (p < 0.001) to inhibit the stability of PIK3R5 messenger RNA (mRNA) (p < 0.001) and disrupt the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (p < 0.001). Conclusion Exosomal OANCT from DC could bind to FTO protein, thereby maintaining the mRNA stability of PIK3R5, further activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to exacerbate OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(9):652–668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyu He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Arrigali EM, Serban MA. Development and Characterization of a Topically Deliverable Prophylactic Against Oxidative Damage in Cochlear Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907516. [PMID: 35754472 PMCID: PMC9226984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss affects roughly 466 million people worldwide. While the causes of hearing loss are diverse, mechanistically, inflammation and oxidative stress have been identified as major players in hearing loss regardless of pathogenesis. Treatment options remain extremely limited and there is currently no FDA approved drug therapy. Studies indicate that antioxidants such as d-Methionine have shown some protective effects; however, these studies involved systemic or invasive localized delivery methods and highlighted the need for the development of minimally invasive localized therapeutic approaches. Described herein is the development of an antioxidant-conjugated system that shows prophylactic potential against oxidative damage and appears suitable for topical delivery. Specifically, our covalent conjugate of hyaluronan with d-Methionine shows cytocompatibility and protection from oxidative stress in two mouse cochlear cell lines (HEI-OC1 and SV-k1). Mechanistically, the data indicate that the protective effects of the conjugate are due to the hyaluronan-mediated cellular internalization of the antioxidant. Most notably, the conjugate can efficiently permeate through an in vitro round window membrane model without the loss of the attached antioxidant, for subsequent delivery of the therapeutic cargo to the hearing sensory cells. Collectively these findings show that the novel conjugate could be a potential topical preventive agent against hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Arrigali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Design Program, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Monica A Serban
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Design Program, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Montana Biotechnology Center, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Belvedere R, Novizio N, Eletto D, Porta A, Bagnulo A, Cerciello A, Di Maio U, Petrella A. The Procoagulant Activity of Emoxilane ®: A New Appealing Therapeutic Use in Epistaxis of the Combination of Sodium Hyaluronate, Silver Salt, α-tocopherol and D-panthenol. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090992. [PMID: 34575141 PMCID: PMC8472423 DOI: 10.3390/life11090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistaxis is one of the most frequent hemorrhages resulting from local or systemic factors. Its management without hospitalization has prompted an interest in locally applied hemostatic agents. Generally, the therapy approaches involve sprays or creams acting as a physical barrier, even used as tampons or gauze. In this study, we have investigated the activity of Emoxilane®, a combination of sodium hyaluronate, silver salt, α-tocopherol acetate and D-panthenol, which is known to be able to separately act in a different biological manner. Our in vitro results, obtained on endothelial and nasal epithelial cells, have shown that the association of these molecules presented a notable antioxidant activity mainly due to the α-tocopherol and D-panthenol and a significant antimicrobial role thanks to the silver compound. Moreover, remarkable hemostatic activity was found by evaluating plasmin inhibition attributable to the sodium hyaluronate. Interestingly, on human plasma, we have confirmed that Emoxilane® strongly induced the increase of thrombin levels. These data suggest that the use of this association could represent an appealing pharmacological approach to actively induce hemostasis during epistaxis. Our future perspective will aim to the creation of a formulation for an easy topical application in the nose which is able to contrast the bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Eletto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Bagnulo
- Neilos Srl, Via Bagnulo 95, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cerciello
- Neilos Srl, Via Bagnulo 95, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Umberto Di Maio
- Shedir Pharma Group Spa, Via Bagnulo 95, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy;
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969762; Fax: +39-089-969602
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Cheng L, Wang Y, Wu R, Ding T, Xue H, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. New Insights From Single-Cell Sequencing Data: Synovial Fibroblasts and Synovial Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709178. [PMID: 34349767 PMCID: PMC8326910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology can analyze the transcriptome expression level of cells with high-throughput from the single cell level, fully show the heterogeneity of cells, and provide a new way for the study of multicellular biological heterogeneity. Synovitis is the pathological basis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) and synovial macrophages are the core target cells of RA, which results in the destruction of articular cartilage, as well as bone. Recent scRNA-seq technology has made breakthroughs in the differentiation and development of two types of synovial cells, identification of subsets, functional analysis, and new therapeutic targets, which will bring remarkable changes in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruihe Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Stocco E, Belluzzi E, Contran M, Boscolo-Berto R, Picardi E, Guidolin D, Fontanella CG, Olivotto E, Filardo G, Borile G, Romanato F, Ramonda R, Ruggieri P, Favero M, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Macchi V. Age-Dependent Remodeling in Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipocytes and Extracellular Matrix: A Comparative Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661403. [PMID: 34041253 PMCID: PMC8141643 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is actively involved in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, a proper description of which developmental modifications occur in the IFP along with age and in absence of joint pathological conditions, is required to adequately describe its actual contribution in OA pathophysiology. Here, two IFP sources were compared: (a) IFP from healthy young patients undergoing anterior-cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for ACL rupture (n = 24); (b) IFP from elderly cadaver donors (n = 23). After histopathological score assignment to confirm the absence of inflammatory features (i.e., inflammatory infiltrate and increased vascularity), the adipocytes morphology was determined; moreover, extracellular matrix proteins were studied through histology and Second Harmonic Generation approach, to determine collagens content and orientation by Fast Fourier Transform and OrientationJ. The two groups were matched for body mass index. No inflammatory signs were observed, while higher area, perimeter, and equivalent diameter and volume were detected for the adipocytes in the elderly group. Collagen III displayed higher values in the young group and a lower total collagen deposition with aging was identified. However, collagen I/III ratio and the global architecture of the samples were not affected. A higher content in elastic fibers was observed around the adipocytes for the ACL-IFPs and in the septa cadaver donor-IFPs, respectively. Age affects the characteristics of the IFP tissue also in absence of a pathological condition. Variable mechanical stimulation, depending on age-related different mobility, could be speculated to exert a role in tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edgardo Picardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giulia Fontanella
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivotto
- RAMSES Laboratory, Research, Innovation & Technology (RIT) Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Borile
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei,” University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei,” University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University - Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University - Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
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