A Multicenter Cohort Study Evaluating the Teratogenic Effects of Isotretinoin on Neonates

Face-to-face: isotretinoin use and pregnancy outcome

Isotretinoin has been used to treat severe acne for more than 40 years. There are no accurate data on the absolute risk of potential teratogenicity to all fetuses exposed to isotretinoin. According to current guidelines, isotretinoin should be discontinued at least 1 month before pregnancy. This study enrolled pregnant women who contacted the Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit for individual drug risk assessment between 2016 and 2020. Data on maternal characteristics and isotretinoin exposures were obtained at first consultation. After delivery, follow-up calls were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Of 2,323 pregnant women consulted, 1.3% (31/2,323) had systemic isotretinoin exposure during and before pregnancy. Of 31 prospectively followed pregnancies, eight terminated electively. Most elective terminations (7/8) were performed because of the fear of fetal malformation. The majority of continued pregnancies (16/23) resulted in healthy live birth. There were no major birth defects. In six pregnancies, intrauterine deaths (three first trimester, three second trimester) were reported. Cesarean section was performed in 70.5% (12/17) of all deliveries. The median gestational age at birth was 39, and no preterm births were reported. Local isotretinoin treatments in six cases were evaluated and presented additionally, and all babies were born healthy. Based on the results of this study, there was no evidence of major birth defect, mental disorder, or retinoid embryopathy associated with the use of isotretinoin in pregnancy. Not local use, but systemic exposure to isotretinoin is of great concern that results in pregnancy termination.