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Pálsson ÞS, Gaardbo M, Mikkelsen C, Hirata RP. Assessing standing balance with MOTI: a validation study. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:241-248. [PMID: 38041425 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a new device called MOTI for measuring balance by comparing its performance that with of the gold-standard force platform. METHODS The study involved collecting data from both devices in dual- and single-leg standing positions with eyes open and closed and using statistical measures to compare their performance. RESULTS The results showed that MOTI can accurately measure balance during dual-leg standing tasks but has poor to moderate performance during single-leg standing tasks. However, it could detect small changes in postural sway caused by a reduced base of support and/or visual feedback. The study also found that the test-retest reliability was poor to moderate for both devices. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MOTI has potential as a reliable tool for measuring balance during certain tasks, but further research is needed to improve its performance during single-leg standing. This study provides valuable insights into the validity and reliability of MOTI for measuring balance and highlights the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Þorvaldur Skúli Pálsson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malik Gaardbo
- The Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Christian Mikkelsen
- The Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Rogerio Pessoto Hirata
- The Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
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Zhou M, Zhang G, Wang N, Zhao T, Liu Y, Geng Y, Zhang J, Wang N, Peng N, Huang L. A novel score for predicting falls in community-dwelling older people: a derivation and validation study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:491. [PMID: 38834944 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of patients at risk of falling is crucial. This study was designed to develop and internally validate a novel risk score to classify patients at risk of falls. METHODS A total of 334 older people from a fall clinic in a medical center were selected. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to minimize the potential concatenation of variables measured from the same patient and the overfitting of variables. A logistic regression model for 1-year fall prediction was developed for the entire dataset using newly identified relevant variables. Model performance was evaluated using the bootstrap method, which included measures of overall predictive performance, discrimination, and calibration. To streamline the assessment process, a scoring system for predicting 1-year fall risk was created. RESULTS We developed a new model for predicting 1-year falls, which included the FRQ-Q1, FRQ-Q3, and single-leg standing time (left foot). After internal validation, the model showed good discrimination (C statistic, 0.803 [95% CI 0.749-0.857]) and overall accuracy (Brier score, 0.146). Compared to another model that used the total FRQ score instead, the new model showed better continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) [0.468 (0.314-0.622), P < 0.01], categorical NRI [0.507 (0.291-0.724), P < 0.01; cutoff: 0.200-0.800], and integrated discrimination [0.205 (0.147-0.262), P < 0.01]. The variables in the new model were subsequently incorporated into a risk score. The discriminatory ability of the scoring system was similar (C statistic, 0.809; 95% CI, 0.756-0.861; optimism-corrected C statistic, 0.808) to that of the logistic regression model at internal bootstrap validation. CONCLUSIONS This study resulted in the development and internal verification of a scoring system to classify 334 patients at risk for falls. The newly developed score demonstrated greater accuracy in predicting falls in elderly people than did the Timed Up and Go test and the 30-Second Chair Sit-Stand test. Additionally, the scale demonstrated superior clinical validity for identifying fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Gongzi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yangxiaoxue Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Geng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Harper BA, Steinbeck L. Short-Term Benefits from Manual Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment for Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness Symptoms: A Preliminary Prospective Case Series. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:82. [PMID: 38804448 PMCID: PMC11130853 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent dizziness and balance deficits are common, often with unknown etiology. Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (3PD) is a relatively new diagnosis with symptoms that may include dizziness, unsteadiness, or non-vertiginous dizziness and be persistent the majority of time over a minimum of 90 days. The purpose of this case series was to investigate short-term outcomes of reducing dizziness symptoms using a manual therapy intervention focused on restoring mobility in the fascia using a pragmatically applied biomechanical approach, the Fascial Manipulation® method (FM®), in patients with 3PD. The preliminary prospective case series consisted of twelve (n = 12) patients with persistent complaints of dizziness who received systematic application of manual therapy to improve fascial mobility after previously receiving vestibular rehabilitation. The manual therapy consisted of strategic assessment and palpation based on the model proposed in the FM® Stecco Method. This model utilizes tangential oscillations directed toward the deep fascia at strategic points. Six males (n = 6) and females (n = 6) were included with a mean age of 68.3 ± 19.3 years. The average number of interventions was 4.5 ± 0.5. Nonparametric paired sample t-tests were performed. Significant improvements were observed toward the resolution of symptoms and improved outcomes. The metrics included the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and static and dynamic balance measures. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores decreased (i.e., improved) by 43.6 points (z = -3.1 and p = 0.002). The timed up and go scores decreased (i.e., improved) by 3.2 s (z = -2.8 and p = 0.005). The tandem left increased (i.e., improved) by 8.7 s (z = 2.8 and p = 0.005) and the tandem right increased (i.e., improved) by 7.5 s (z = 2.8 and p = 0.005). Four to five manual therapy treatment sessions appear to be effective for short-term improvements in dizziness complaints and balance in those with 3PD. These results should be interpreted with caution as future research using rigorous methods and a control group must be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Harper
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Radford University, Roanoke, VA 24013, USA
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Fujita K, Sugimoto T, Noma H, Kuroda Y, Matsumoto N, Uchida K, Kishino Y, Sakurai T. Postural Control Characteristics in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, and Vascular Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae061. [PMID: 38412449 PMCID: PMC10949438 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia often results in postural control impairment, which could signify central nervous system dysfunction. However, no studies have compared postural control characteristics among various types of dementia. This study aimed to compare static postural control in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and vascular dementia (VaD). METHODS Cross-sectional relationship between the clinical diagnoses (AD, DLB, VaD, or normal cognition [NC]) of outpatients at a memory clinic and their upright postural control characteristics were examined. In the postural control test, participants were instructed to maintain a static upright standing on a stabilometer for 60 seconds under the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Forty postural control parameters, including distance, position, and velocity in the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions, derived from the trajectory of the center of mass sway, were calculated. The characteristics of each type of dementia were compared to those of NC, and the differences among the 3 types of dementia were evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS The study included 1 789 participants (1 206 with AD, 111 with DLB, 49 with VaD, and 423 with NC). Patients with AD exhibited distinct postural control characteristics, particularly in some distance and velocity parameters, only in the eyes-closed condition. Those with DLB exhibited features in the mean position in the anterior-posterior direction. In patients with VaD, significant differences were observed in most parameters, except the power spectrum. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AD, DLB, and VaD display disease-specific postural control characteristics when compared to cognitively normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujita
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugimoto
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kuroda
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nanae Matsumoto
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uchida
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kishino
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Ravara B, Giuriati W, Zampieri S, Kern H, Pond AL. Translational mobility medicine and ugo carraro: a life of significant scientific contributions reviewed in celebration. Neurol Res 2024; 46:139-156. [PMID: 38043115 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2258041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Prof. Ugo Carraro reached 80 years of age on 23 February 2023, and we wish to celebrate him and his work by reviewing his lifetime of scientific achievements in Translational Myology. Currently, he is a Senior Scholar with the University of Padova, Italy, where, as a tenured faculty member, he founded the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology. Prof. Carraro, a pioneer in skeletal muscle research, is a world-class expert in structural and molecular investigations of skeletal muscle biology, physiology, pathology, and care. An authority in bidimensional gel electrophoresis for myosin light chains, he was the first to separate mammalian muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by SDS-gel electrophoresis. He has demonstrated that long-term denervated muscle can survive denervation by myofiber regeneration, and shown that an athletic lifestyle has beneficial impacts on muscle reinnervation. He has utilized his expertise in translational myology to develop and validate rehabilitative treatments for denervated and ageing skeletal muscle. He has authored more than 160 PubMed listed papers and numerous scholarly books, including his recent autobiography. Prof. Carraro founded and serves as Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine. He has organized more than 40 Padua Muscle Days Meetings and continues this, encouraging students and young scientists to participate. As he dreams endlessly, he is currently validating non-invasive analyses on saliva, a promising approach that will allow increased frequency sampling to analyze systemic factors during the transient effects of training and rehabilitation by his proposed Full-Body in- Bed Gym for bed-ridden elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ravara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Walter Giuriati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Physiko- und Rheumatherapie, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Sankt Pölten, Austria
| | - Amber L Pond
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Frisendahl N, Ek S, Rosendahl E, Franzén E, Boström AM, Welmer AK. Can the 1-Leg Standing Test Be Replaced by Self-reported Balance in the First-Time Injurious Fall Screening Tool? J Geriatr Phys Ther 2023; 46:103-109. [PMID: 35947043 PMCID: PMC10032368 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The First-time Injurious Fall (FIF) screening tool was created to identify fall risk in community-living older men and women, who may be targets for primary preventive interventions. The FIF tool consists of 3 self-reported questions and 1 physical test (1-leg standing balance). The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive ability of the FIF tool and a modified FIF tool (in which 1-leg standing is replaced by self-reported balance) for first-time injurious falls. METHODS A cohort of 1194 community-living people 60 years and older from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), Sweden, was followed longitudinally for 5 years. Data on injurious falls were collected from registered data and were defined as receipt of care after a fall. The predictive ability of the FIF tool and the m-FIF tool was explored using Harrell's C statistic, stratified by sex. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The injurious fall rate per 1000 person-years was 54.9 (95% CI: 47.22-63.78) for women and 36.3 (95% CI: 28.84-45.78) for men. The predictive ability for women and men according to Harrell's C statistic was 0.70 and 0.71 for the FIF tool and the m-FIF tool. The predictive ability was 0.70 and 0.69 for 1-leg standing, and 0.65 and 0.60 for self-reported balance problems. CONCLUSIONS The m-FIF tool presented similar predictive ability as the FIF tool regarding first-time injurious falls. This finding could extend the usefulness of the tool to other settings, such as to electronic health (eHealth). A quickly and easily administered screening tool can help physical therapists to identify people with a high risk of falling who may need to undergo a more comprehensive fall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Frisendahl
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Ek
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research and Development Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Boström
- Research and Development Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yan Y, Ou J, Shi H, Sun C, Shen L, Song Z, Shu L, Chen Z. Plantar pressure and falling risk in older individuals: a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 36941642 PMCID: PMC10029259 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are commonplace among elderly people. It is urgent to prevent falls. Previous studies have confirmed that there is a difference in plantar pressure between falls and non-falls in elderly people, but the relationship between fall risk and foot pressure has not been studied. In this study, the differences in dynamic plantar pressure between elderly people with high and low fall risk were preliminarily discussed, and the characteristic parameters of plantar pressure were determined. METHODS Twenty four high-fall-risk elderly individuals (HR) and 24 low-fall-risk elderly individuals (LR) were selected using the Berg Balance Scale 40 score. They wore wearable foot pressure devices to walk along a 20-m-long corridor. The peak pressure (PP), pressure time integral (PTI), pressure gradient (maximum pressure gradient (MaxPG), minimum pressure gradient (MinPG), full width at half maximum (FWHM)) and average pressure (AP) of their feet were measured for inter-group and intra-group analysis. RESULTS The foot pressure difference comparing the high fall risk with low fall risk groups was manifested in PP and MaxPG, concentrated in the midfoot and heel (p < 0.05), while the only time parameter, FWHM, was manifested in the whole foot (p < 0.05). The differences between the left and right foot were reflected in all parameters. The differences between the left and right foot in LR were mainly reflected in the heel (p < 0.05), while it in the HR was mainly reflected in the forefoot (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The differences comparing the high fall risk with low fall risk groups were mostly reflected in the midfoot and heel. The HR may have been more cautious when landing. In the intra-group comparison, the difference between the right and left foot of the LR was mainly reflected during heel striking, while it was mainly reflected during pedalling in the HR. The sensitivity of PP, PTI and AP was lower and the newly introduced pressure gradient could better reflect the difference in foot pressure between the two groups. The pressure gradient can be used as a new foot pressure parameter in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxue Shi
- School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbin Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Song
- School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shu
- School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of SCUT in Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China.
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuoming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Uematsu A, Tsuchiya K, Fukushima H, Hortobágyi T. Effects of Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Standing Balance Exergaming Training on Healthy Older Adults' Standing Balance and Walking Performance. Games Health J 2023. [PMID: 36944151 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effects of motor-cognitive dual-task exergaming standing balance training on healthy older adults' static, dynamic, and walking balance. Methods: Twenty-four adults older than 70 years (control group: n = 9, males = 6, balance training group: n = 15, males = 8) completed the experiment. Dual-tasking standing balance training comprised the accurate control of a ping-pong ball on a tray held with both hands, while standing on one leg (analog training) and three modules of Wii Fit™ exergaming (digital training). The duration of balance training was ∼15 minutes per day, 2 days per week for 8 weeks, in total 16 sessions. We measured one-leg standing time, functional reach distance, walking balance evaluated by the distance walked on a narrow beam (4-cm long, 4-cm wide, and 2-cm high) with single and dual tasking, habitual and maximal walking speed, and muscle strength of the hip extensor, hip abductor, hip adductor, knee extensor, and plantarflexor muscle groups in the right leg at baseline and after 8 weeks. Results: Control group decreased, but balance training group increased one-leg standing time. Only the balance training group improved functional reach distance and hip and knee extensor strength. There was no change in walking speed and walking balance in either group. In the balance training group, changes in maximal speed correlated with changes in dual-tasking walking balance and changes in one-leg standing time correlated with changes in single-tasking walking balance. Conclusion: These results suggest that 16 sessions of motor-cognitive dual-task standing exergaming balance training substantially improved healthy older adults' static and dynamic balance and leg muscle strength but failed to improve walking speed and walking balance. Balance exercises specific to walking balance need to be included in balance training to improve walking balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Uematsu
- Faculty of Sociology, Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yoshioka Hospital, Tendo, Japan
| | | | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Somogy Country Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Káposvar, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Nunes GS, Rodrigues DZ, Hörbe L, Prates I, Tessarin BM, Serrão FV, de Noronha M. Is Postural Control Affected in People with Patellofemoral Pain and Should it be Part of Rehabilitation? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:144. [PMID: 36504326 PMCID: PMC9742077 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports that exercise therapy is effective for patellofemoral pain (PFP) rehabilitation. Nevertheless, the improvements have been reported not to be sustained in the long term, suggesting that the current protocols may not comprehend all required functional factors to provide a consistent recovery. A potential neglected factor in treatment protocols for PFP is postural control. However, it is unclear whether this population presents balance impairments or the influence of postural control on pain and function during rehabilitation programmes. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether (Q1) balance is impaired in people with PFP compared to controls, (Q2) conservative interventions are effective to improve balance in people with PFP, and (Q3) balance exercises are effective to improve pain and function in people with PFP. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, supplemented by hand searching of reference lists, citations and relevant systematic reviews in the field. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane recommendations and reported according to the PRISMA statement recommendations. We included cross-sectional studies comparing balance between people with and without PFP; and randomised controlled trials verifying the effect of conservative intervention on balance and the effect of balance intervention on pain and function in people with PFP. The risk of bias was assessed using the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument for cross-sectional studies and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale for randomised controlled trials. RESULTS From 15,436 records, 57 studies (Q1 = 28, Q2 = 23, Q3 = 14) met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses indicated that people with PFP have worse anteroposterior (very low grade evidence, standardised mean difference [SMD] = 1.03, 95% CI 0.40-1.66) and mediolateral (moderate grade evidence, SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.31-1.42) balance compared to controls. Moderate grade evidence indicated that overall balance is not affected in people with PFP (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI - 0.05-0.82). Low to very low grade evidence indicates that interventions are ineffective for mediolateral (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI - 0.51-0.53) and overall (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI - 0.14-1.11) balance improvements, and low grade evidence indicates that interventions are effective to improve anteroposterior balance (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.04-1.23). Moderate to low grade evidence indicated that balance interventions are effective to reduce pain (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI 0.26-1.38) and improve function (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.09-0.80) when measured using questionnaires; and very low grade evidence indicated no efficacy for function measured via functional tests (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI - 0.16-1.61). CONCLUSION People with PFP likely present balance deficits compared to asymptomatic people. There was insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of interventions to improve or modify balance in people with PFP. Also, there was insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of balance exercises to improve pain and function in people with PFP. Trial Registration The present systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018091717).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. Nunes
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Diênifer Zilmer Rodrigues
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Luiza Hörbe
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Izabela Prates
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Bruna M. Tessarin
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fábio V. Serrão
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Noronha
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Rural Department of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC Australia
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10
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Blodgett JM, Hardy R, Davis D, Peeters G, Kuh D, Cooper R. One-Legged Balance Performance and Fall Risk in Mid and Later Life: Longitudinal Evidence From a British Birth Cohort. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:997-1006. [PMID: 35995713 PMCID: PMC10499759 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The one-legged balance test is widely used as a fall risk screening tool in both clinical and research settings. Despite rising fall prevalence in midlife, there is little evidence examining balance and fall risk in those aged <65 years. This study investigated the longitudinal associations between one-legged balance and the number of falls between ages 53 and 68 years. METHODS The study included 2,046 individuals from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health & Development, a British birth cohort study. One-legged balance times (eyes open, maximum: 30 seconds) were assessed at ages 53 years (1999) and 60-64 years (2006-2010). Fall history within the last year (none, 1, ≥2) was self-reported at ages 60-64 years and 68 years (2014). Multinomial logistic regressions assessed the associations between balance and change in balance with subsequent falls. Models adjusted for anthropometric, socioeconomic, behavioral, health status, and cognitive indicators. Analysis occurred between 2019 and 2022. RESULTS Balance performance was not associated with single falls. Better balance performance at age 53 years was associated with decreased risk of recurrent falls at ages 60-64 years and 68 years, with similar associations between balance at age 60-64 years and recurrent falls at age 68 years. Those with consistently lower balance times (<15 seconds) were at greater risk (RRR=3.33, 95% CI=1.91, 5.80) of recurrent falls at age 68 years in adjusted models than those who could balance for 30 seconds at ages 53 years and 60-64 years. CONCLUSIONS Lower balance and consistently low or declining performance were associated with a greater subsequent risk of recurrent falls. Earlier identification and intervention of those with poor balance ability can help to minimize the risk of recurrent falls in aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Cohort and Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resources, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Davis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geeske Peeters
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom; AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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11
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Roldán García B, Esbrí Víctor M, López-Jiménez E, Gómez Ballesteros C, Alcantud Córcoles R, Andrés Pretel F, Sánchez-Jurado PM, Avendaño Céspedes A, Sánchez-Flor Alfaro V, López Bru R, Ruíz Grao MC, Noguerón García A, Romero Rizos L, García Molina R, Izquierdo M, Abizanda P. Limits of stability and falls during a multicomponent exercise program in faller older adults: A retrospective cohort study. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111957. [PMID: 36150587 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJETIVES Multicomponent exercise programs have been demonstrated to prevent falls in older adults. However, the underlying responsible mechanisms are not clear. We aimed to analyze the association between changes in the limits of stability (LOS) as a relevant balance component, and falls occurrence during a multicomponent physical exercise program. METHODS Retrospective study, including ninety-one participants who had experienced a fall in the previous year, and were attended in a falls unit. All of them were included in a twice-a-week multicomponent exercise program during 16 weeks. Pre- and post-program measurements were collected for leg press, gait speed, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), and LOS (point of excursion [POE] and maximal excursion [MEX]) with posturography. Falls occurrence was assessed between the beginning and the completion of the exercise program (16 week). RESULTS The mean age was 77.2 years, and 72 were female. Thirty-two participants fell at least once during the exercise period. The global baseline POE was 47.6 %, and the MEX was 64.7 %, and there were no differences between fallers and nonfallers. Nonfallers presented greater improvements in POE (6.3 % versus 1.3 %; p < .05) and MEX (9.2 % versus 3.0 %; p < .01) than fallers. The POE and MEX were independently associated with a reduced probability of having had a fall, OR: 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.91 to 0.99) and 0.94 (95 % CI: 0.90 to 0.99), respectively. Changes in SPPB results or leg press strength were not associated with decreased falls. Adjusted probability of fall occurrence decreased by 5 % and 6 % per 1 % improvement in absolute values in POE and MEX, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in LOS after a multicomponent physical exercise program in older adults with previous falls may be associated with a decreased occurrence of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Roldán García
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mariano Esbrí Víctor
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Esther López-Jiménez
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Andrés Pretel
- Department of Statistics, Foundation of the National Paraplegics Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro Manuel Sánchez-Jurado
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Almudena Avendaño Céspedes
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Rita López Bru
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Romero Rizos
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Rafael García Molina
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain; Department of Statistics, Foundation of the National Paraplegics Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Míkel Izquierdo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Abizanda
- Geriatrics Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
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12
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Benefits of Virtual Reality Program and Motor Imagery Training on Balance and Fall Efficacy in Isolated Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58111545. [PMID: 36363502 PMCID: PMC9692723 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: for isolated older adults, alternative training indoors to maintain balance is essential; however, related studies are lacking. To improve the balance of isolated older adults and reduce their fear of falling, we aimed to examine the balance−keeping effect of a virtual reality (VR) program and motor imagery training (MIT) and propose training that could improve physical activity among older adults. Methods: a total of 34 older adults admitted to a convalescent hospital were assessed. VR (n = 12) and MIT (n = 10) groups completed their assigned intervention in six weeks, whereas the control group (CG) (n = 12) did not. The follow−up was performed after two weeks. Results: in group × time interactions, body center movement area, open and closed eyes balance scores, and fall efficacy were significantly different (p < 0.05). In contrast with the VR group, the MIT group did not show a significant difference in the open or closed eyes balance scores depending on the period. However, there was a significant difference between the MIT group and CG in the open eyes balance score post-test (d = 1.13, 95% confidence interval, 0.40−12.33). Conclusions: we propose VR and MIT as training methods to prevent physical weakness in isolated older adults.
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13
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The Most Significant Factor Affecting Gait and Postural Balance in Patients’ Activities of Daily Living Following Corrective Surgery for Deformity of the Adult Spine. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58081118. [PMID: 36013585 PMCID: PMC9414781 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gait ability and spinal postural balance affect ADL in patients who underwent adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. However, it is still unclear how to determine what the cause is. This study was done to investigate various factors affecting gait, postural balance and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients who were operated on for ASD over a period of one year, following corrective surgery. Materials and Method: A cohort of 42 (2 men, 40 women, mean age, 71.1 years) who were operated on for ASD were included in this study. According to Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), based on their ADL, patients were segregated into satisfied and unsatisfied groups. Gait and postural balance abilities were evaluated before and after the operative procedure. Radiographs of spine and pelvis as well as the rehabilitation data (static balance, standing on single-leg; dynamic postural adaptation, timed up and go test (TUG); Gait Capability, walk velocity for a distance of 10 m) were acquired 12 months after surgery and analyzed. Spinopelvic parameters such as (lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI)) were marked and noted. The factors which affect patients’ satisfaction with their ADL were evaluated. Results: The ADL satisfied group included 18 patients (1 man, 17 women, mean age 68.6 years) and the unsatisfied group included 24 patients (1 man, 23 women, mean age 73.1 years). One year after the surgery, the two groups were tested. TUG (8.5 s vs. 12.8 s), 10 m walk velocity (1.26 m/s vs. 1.01 m/s), and single leg standing test (25 s vs. 12.8 s) were regarded as notably different. According to logistic regression analysis, only TUG was extracted as a significant factor. The cut-off value was 9.7 s, with sensitivity 75%, specificity 83%, area under the curve 0.824, and a 95% confidence interval of 0.695–0.953. Conclusions: A significant factor among all evaluations in postoperative ASD patients was TUG, for which the cut-off value for ADL satisfaction was 9.7 s.
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14
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Beck Jepsen D, Robinson K, Ogliari G, Montero-Odasso M, Kamkar N, Ryg J, Freiberger E, Tahir M. Predicting falls in older adults: an umbrella review of instruments assessing gait, balance, and functional mobility. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:615. [PMID: 35879666 PMCID: PMC9310405 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To review the validated instruments that assess gait, balance, and functional mobility to predict falls in older adults across different settings. Methods Umbrella review of narrative- and systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of all study types. Reviews that focused on older adults in any settings and included validated instruments assessing gait, balance, and functional mobility were included. Medical and allied health professional databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched from inception to April 2022. Two reviewers undertook title, abstract, and full text screening independently. Review quality was assessed through the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews (ROBIS). Data extraction was completed in duplicate using a standardised spreadsheet and a narrative synthesis presented for each assessment tool. Results Among 2736 articles initially identified, 31 reviews were included; 11 were meta-analyses. Reviews were primarily of low quality, thus at high risk of potential bias. The most frequently reported assessments were: Timed Up and Go, Berg Balance Scale, gait speed, dual task assessments, single leg stance, functional Reach Test, tandem gait and stance and the chair stand test. Findings on the predictive ability of these tests were inconsistent across the reviews. Conclusions In conclusion, we found that no single gait, balance or functional mobility assessment in isolation can be used to predict fall risk in older adults with high certainty. Moderate evidence suggests gait speed can be useful in predicting falls and might be included as part of a comprehensive evaluation for older adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03271-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beck Jepsen
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - K Robinson
- Department of Health Care for Older People (HCOP), Research and Innovation, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. .,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - G Ogliari
- Department of Health Care for Older People (HCOP), Research and Innovation, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, SLawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - N Kamkar
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, SLawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - J Ryg
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - E Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Masud Tahir
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Health Care for Older People (HCOP), Research and Innovation, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Sozzi S, Ghai S, Schieppati M. Incongruity of Geometric and Spectral Markers in the Assessment of Body Sway. Front Neurol 2022; 13:929132. [PMID: 35923830 PMCID: PMC9339954 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.929132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Different measurements of body oscillations in the time or frequency domain are being employed as markers of gait and balance abnormalities. This study investigates basic relationships within and between geometric and spectral measures in a population of young adult subjects. Twenty healthy subjects stood with parallel feet on a force platform with and without a foam pad. Adaptation effects to prolonged stance were assessed by comparing the first and last of a series of eight successive trials. Centre of Foot Pressure (CoP) excursions were recorded with Eyes Closed (EC) and Open (EO) for 90s. Geometric measures (Sway Area, Path Length), standard deviation (SD) of the excursions, and spectral measure (mean power Spectrum Level and Median Frequency), along the medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) direction were computed. Sway Area was more strongly associated than Path Length with CoP SD and, consequently, with mean Spectrum Level for both ML and AP, and both visual and surface conditions. The squared-SD directly specified the mean power Spectrum Level of CoP excursions (ML and AP) in all conditions. Median Frequency was hardly related to Spectrum Level. Adaptation had a confounding effect, whereby equal values of Sway Area, Path Length, and Spectrum Level corresponded to different Median Frequency values. Mean Spectrum Level and SDs of the time series of CoP ML and AP excursions convey the same meaning and bear an acceptable correspondence with Sway Area values. Shifts in Median Frequency values represent important indications of neuromuscular control of stance and of the effects of vision, support conditions, and adaptation. The Romberg Quotient EC/EO for a given variable is contingent on the compliance of the base of support and adaptation, and different between Sway Area and Path Length, but similar between Sway Area and Spectrum Level (AP and ML). These measures must be taken with caution in clinical studies, and considered together in order to get a reliable indication of overall body sway, of modifications by sensory and standing condition, and of changes with ageing, medical conditions and rehabilitation treatment. However, distinct measures shed light on the discrete mechanisms and complex processes underpinning the maintenance of stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sozzi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Pavia, Italy
| | - Shashank Ghai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rsgbiogen, New Delhi, India
| | - Marco Schieppati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Schieppati
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Blodgett JM, Cooper R, Pinto Pereira SM, Hamer M. Stability of Balance Performance From Childhood to Midlife. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188250. [PMID: 35670126 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance ability underlies most physical movement across life, with particular importance for older adults. No study has investigated if balance ability is established in childhood nor if associations are independent of adult factors. We investigated associations between balance performance in early (age 10) and midlife (age 46), and whether associations were independent of contributors to adult balance. METHODS Up to 6024 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort Study were included. At age 10, static (1-legged stand) and dynamic (backward toe-to-heel walk) balance were categorized as poor, medium, or high. Eyes open and closed 1-legged balance performance (max: 30 seconds) was assessed at age 46 with 5 categories. RESULTS Poor static balance at age 10 was strongly associated with worse balance ability at age 46. Relative to the highest balance group at age 46 (ie, eyes open and closed for 30 seconds), those with poor static balance had a 7.07 (4.92-10.16) greater risk of being in the poorest balance group (ie, eyes open <15 seconds). Associations were robust to adjustment for childhood illness, cognition, and socioeconomic position and adult measures of height, BMI, education, exercise, word recall, and grip strength (adjusted relative risk: 5.04 [95% confidence interval: 3.46-7.37]). Associations between dynamic balance at age 10 and balance at age 46 were weaker (adjusted relative risk) of the poorest balance group: 1.84 [1.30-2.62]). CONCLUSIONS Early childhood may represent an important period for maturation of postural strategies involved in balance, indicating the potential for early intervention and policy changes alongside existing interventions that currently target older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Snehal M Pinto Pereira
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Otomi Y, Irahara S, Inoue H, Shinya T, Otsuka H, Harada M. Increased 18F-FDG Uptake in the Axillary Lymph Nodes of the Vaccinated Side Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2022; 31:169-171. [PMID: 35771098 PMCID: PMC9246311 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.galenos.2021.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A 50-year-old female patient underwent (18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) following modified radical mastectomy for cancer of the left breast. Ten days before the PET/CT, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was injected intramuscularly into the right deltoid muscle. Increased (18F-FDG uptake of maximum standardized uptake value (11.0) was observed in the lymph nodes of the right axilla, which had not been observed in the previous PET/CT. The size of the oval-shaped lymph nodes was up to approximately 11×9 mm; however, it was larger than that observed on the previous PET/CT. We contemplate that the increased (18F-FDG uptake was a reactive change in the lymph nodes associated with the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Otomi
- Tokushima University, Department of Radiology, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saho Irahara
- Tokushima University, Department of Radiology, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Tokushima University, Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Otsuka
- Tokushima University, Department of Radiology, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Tokushima University, Department of Radiology, Tokushima, Japan
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Osada Y, Motojima N, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S. Differences in mediolateral dynamic stability during gait initiation according to whether the non-paretic or paretic leg is used as the leading limb. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267577. [PMID: 35476702 PMCID: PMC9045617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated mediolateral dynamic stability at first foot off and first initial contact during gait initiation according to whether the paretic or non-paretic leg was used as the leading limb. Thirty-eight individuals with stroke initiated gait with the paretic and non-paretic legs as the leading limb, and their movements were measured using a 3D motion analysis system. Margin of stability (i.e., the length between the extrapolated center of mass and lateral border of the stance foot) was used as an index of dynamic stability, with a large value indicating dynamic stability in the lateral direction. However, an excessively large margin of stability value (i.e., when the extrapolated center of mass is outside the medial border of the stance foot) indicates dynamic instability in the medial direction. Differences in the margin of stability between tasks were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The minimum margin of stability was observed just before first foot off. When the non-paretic leg was used as the leading limb, the margin of stability tended to be excessively large at first foot off compared with when the paretic leg was used (p < 0.001). In other words, the extrapolated center of mass was outside the medial border of the paretic stance foot. In conclusion, lateral stability was achieved when using the non-paretic leading limb because the extrapolated center of mass was located outside the medial border of the stance foot. However, medial dynamic stability was lower for the non-paretic leading limb compared with the paretic leading limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Osada
- Department of Health and Welfare Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoyuki Motojima
- Showa University School of Nursing and rehabilitation Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Sumiko Yamamoto
- Graduate School, International University of Health & Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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Chronological Evaluation of Gait Ability and Posture Balance after Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is highly prevalent in persons older than 65 years, affecting more than 30% of the total population. There are many important reports that describe excellent postoperative results for ASD surgery. However, there is no report that describes a chronological evaluation of gait ability and spinal balance after ASD surgery. The present prospective study aimed to determine the recovery time of gait and spinal balance ability after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Patients with ASD (n = 25: mean age, 73.0 years) who underwent corrective surgery and preoperative and postoperative gait and spinal balance ability evaluation. Spinal radiographs and gait analysis data (static balance; single-leg standing, dynamic balance; time-up and go test, gait ability; 10 m walk velocity) were acquired preoperatively, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. The radiographic parameters of the spine and pelvis (lumbar lordosis; LL, pelvic tilt; PT, sagittal vertical axis; SVA, pelvic incidence; PI) were measured. The mean postoperative SVA, LL, PT, and PI-LL became 30.0 mm, 50.1 degrees, 14.1 degrees, and 0.35 degrees, respectively. Preoperatively, all spinal balance and gait ability were worse than the normal threshold (one-leg standing; 14.2 s vs. 15.0 s, time-up and go test; 13.9 s vs. 13.5 s, 10-m walk speed; 0.91 m/s vs. 1.00 m/s). At 12 months after surgery, all spinal balance and gait ability became normal or improved (single-leg standing; 14.7 s, time-up and go test; 11.0 s, 10-m walk speed; 1.09 m/s). The ODI at one-year follow-up improved from 46.8 ± 12.6% to 27.8 ± 18.1%. In conclusion, gait and spinal balance analysis revealed that ASD patients could not recover gait and spinal balance ability one month after surgery. At 12 months after surgery, gait ability and dynamic spinal balance became better than preoperative levels. However, the static spinal balance was at the same level as that of preoperative status.
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20
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Postural Stability in Single-Leg Quiet Stance in Highly Trained Athletes: Sex and Sport Differences. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041009. [PMID: 35207283 PMCID: PMC8875157 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if there is a difference in postural stability in highly trained adolescents and young adult athletes regarding sex and sport. The participants were young athletes (n = 464) from seven different sports. We considered the center of pressure (CoP) velocity (total, anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML)), CoP amplitude (AP and ML), and CoP frequency (AP and ML), as assessed by single-leg quiet stance test. Significant interactions were found between sex and sport for all CoP variables (p < 0.02). Additionally, a significant main effect of sport was also found in all CoP variables (p = 0.01). Regarding sex, significant effects were found for all CoP amplitude variables (p = 0.01), as well as for CoP velocity variables, except for CoP ML (p = 0.06). Moreover, there was no sex effect for CoP frequency AP (p = 0.18). The results of the current study confirm the claim that the criteria for optimal postural strategies for elite athletes likely depend on a given sport.
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Alzaabi HS, Walton LM, Arumugam A. Association between demographic characteristics, lower limb range of motion, functional performance, ability to dual task, quality of life and risk of falls in older adults of the United Arab Emirates - A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08869. [PMID: 35141442 PMCID: PMC8814690 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Šarabon N, Kozinc Ž, Marković G. Effects of age, sex and task on postural sway during quiet stance. Gait Posture 2022; 92:60-64. [PMID: 34826694 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural sway during quiet standing has been shown as a useful task to assess risk of falling in older adults. While the risk of falling is consistently reported to be higher in older females than males, the sex-related differences in postural sway are not consistent across the studies. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the effects of age and sex on postural sway during quiet standing during different stance conditions? METHODS We examined the effects of age (40 young and 34 older adults), sex (37 males and 37 females), and their interaction on the postural sway during different stance conditions. We compared the center of pressure (CoP) velocity, amplitude and frequency during parallel (eyes open and eyes closed) and semi-tandem (eyes open) stances. RESULTS Our results suggest that postural sway is similar between sexes in young participants, while older males exhibit larger postural sway than older female participants (10/21 outcomes). Older female participants exhibited lower CoP amplitude (but larger total and anterior-posterior CoP velocity) compared to young female participants. We also found that the increase in the postural sway with increasing task difficulty is more pronounced in older vs. young adults. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that ageing-related changes in postural sway are sex- and task-specific. Researchers and clinicians need to be aware of these effects when comparing groups or monitoring changes in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department, Livade 6, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Tehnološki park 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Goran Marković
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia; Motus Melior Ltd., Hektorovićeva 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kozinc Ž, Trajković N, Smajla D, Šarabon N. The Effect of Fatigue on Single-Leg Postural Sway and Its Transient Characteristics in Healthy Young Adults. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720905. [PMID: 34489739 PMCID: PMC8418113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular fatigue is known to impair balance ability, which is reflected in increased postural sway during quiet standing tasks. Recently, quantifying transient characteristics of postural sway has been suggested as an approach to obtain additional information regarding postural control. However, this approach is currently vastly unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue (induced by a repeated change of direction task) on postural sway and its transient characteristics during single-leg standing, including whole-trial estimates and indexes of transient behavior in young healthy active adults. The study involved 28 physically active students (14 females). Single-leg postural sway was recorded for 30s before and after a fatiguing protocol, which consisted of a repeated change of direction tasks. We calculated the traditional whole-trial estimates of postural sway [center-of-pressure (CoP) velocity and amplitude in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions] and corresponding transient behavior indexes, based on three 10-s intervals. Statistically significant sex×fatigue interaction with medium effect sizes was found for whole-trial CoP velocity in AP (p=0.028; η2=0.17) and ML directions (p=0.019; η2=0.19). Post-hoc test showed that both variables substantially decreased in female participants (p=0.041–0.045; d=0.54–0.56), but remained similar in males (p=0.194–0.294). There were small to medium statistically significant main effects of fatigue on transient index for CoP amplitude in both directions (p=0.042–0.049; η2=0.02–0.14). Notably, CoP AP amplitude increased in the first 10-s interval for males (before fatigue: 5.6±1.3mm; after fatigue: 6.3±1.6mm), while the CoP AP amplitude in the third interval remained similar after fatigue (before fatigue: 5.5±1.4mm; after fatigue: 5.1±1.2mm). In conclusion, the responses to fatigue in terms of postural sway were time interval specific, and there were certain sex-differences in responses to fatigue, which could be related to better ability to adapt balance strategies in females. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the indexes of transient behavior could perhaps detect smaller fatigue-induced changes in postural sway that are seen in whole-trial estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Darjan Smajla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Post-Drive Standing Balance of Vehicle Passengers Using Wearable Sensors: The Effect of On-Road Driving and Task Performance. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21154997. [PMID: 34372234 PMCID: PMC8347861 DOI: 10.3390/s21154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Postural sway has been demonstrated to increase following exposure to different types of motion. However, limited prior studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to normative on-road driving conditions and standing balance following the exposure. The purpose of this on-road study was to quantify the effect of vehicle motion and task performance on passengers’ post-drive standing balance performance. In this study, trunk-based kinematic data were captured while participants performed a series of balance exercises before and after an on-road driving session in real-time traffic. Postural sway for all balance exercises increased following the driving session. Performing a series of ecologically relevant visual-based tasks led to increases in most post-drive balance metrics such as sway position and velocity. However, the post-drive changes following the driving session with a task were not significantly different compared to changes observed following the driving session without a task. The post-drive standing balance performance changes observed in this study may increase vulnerable users’ risk of falling. Wearable sensors offer an opportunity to monitor postural sway following in-vehicle exposures.
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Kozinc Ž, Trajković N, Šarabon N. Transient characteristics of body sway during single-leg stance in athletes with a history of ankle sprain. Gait Posture 2021; 86:205-210. [PMID: 33756410 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the measurements of postural stability in the context of screening for ankle sprain risk is still equivocal. Transient characteristics of body sway have been suggested as an alternative or an improvement to traditional whole-trial analyses. RESEARCH QUESTION Are transient characteristics of body sway sensitive to the history of ankle sprain?. METHODS The assessment of 30-s single-leg body sway was performed on a group of 93 athletes from basketball, soccer, tennis and running who reported at least 1 ankle sprain in the last 12 months, while a group of 244 athletes from the same disciplines served as a control group without an ankle sprain reported for the same time period. We considered the mean center-of-pressure (CoP) velocity, CoP amplitude and CoP frequency. In addition to traditional whole-trial variables, we calculated the relative differences between the 1 st and the 2nd (DIF_21) and 1 st and 3rd (DIF_31) 10-s time intervals within the whole trial. RESULTS The indexes of transient characteristics of body sway (i.e., the DIF_21 and DIF_31) were in trivial or weak correlations with whole-trial variables (all r ≤ 0.29). Athletes with ankle sprain history exhibited smaller CoP ML velocity (p = 0.002) and larger CoP ML frequency (p = 0.001). In the injured group, the injured leg exhibited lower total and medial-lateral (ML) CoP velocity (p = 0.005-0.040), as well as lower CoP ML amplitude (p = 0.002) and higher CoP ML frequency (p = 0.010). The transient characteristics of body sway (DIF_21 and DIF_31) were very similar between the groups and between the injured and uninjured legs. SIGNIFICANCE Transient characteristics of body sway do not appear to differentiate the athletes with and without a history of ankle sprain. Further research is needed to confirm if the transient characteristics of body sway could be used for detection of risk of falls in older adults or assessment of athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- University of Niš, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Čarnojevićeva 10a, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia; InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department, Livade 6, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia; S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Tehnološki Park 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Peric I, Spasic M, Novak D, Ostojic S, Sekulic D. Pre-Planned and Non-Planned Agility in Patients Ongoing Rehabilitation after Knee Surgery: Design, Reliability and Validity of the Newly Developed Testing Protocols. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010146. [PMID: 33478145 PMCID: PMC7835766 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its association with the risk of falling and consequent injury, the importance of agility is widely recognized, but no study so far has examined the different facets of agility in an untrained/clinical population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and correlates of newly developed tests of non-planned agility (NPA) and pre-planned agility (PPA) in an untrained/clinical sample. Methods: The sample comprised 38 participants older than 40 years (22 females, age: 56.1 ± 17.3 years, height: 170.4 ± 10.8 cm, mass: 82.54 ± 14.79 kg) who were involved in a rehabilitation program following total knee arthroplasty and knee arthroscopy. Variables included age, gender, type of surgery, history of fall, anthropometrics/body composition, and newly developed tests of NPA and PPA. Results: The results showed the high inter-testing- (ICC > 0.95, CV < 9%), and intra-testing-reliability (ICC > 0.96, CV < 9) of the newly developed tests. PPA and NPA were found to be valid in differentiation between age groups (>50 yrs. vs. <50 yrs.), and genders, with better performance in younger participants and males. Only NPA differentiated participants according to type of surgery, with better performance in those who had arthroscopic surgery, than those who had total knee arthroplasty. No differences in NPA and PPA were established between groups based on fall-history. In females, the body mass (Pearson’s r = 0.58 and 0.59, p < 0.001) and body fatness (Pearson’s r = 0.64 and 0.66, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated, while the lean body mass (Pearson’s r = 0.70 and 0.68, p < 0.001) was positively correlated with PPA and NPA. The NPA and PPA were highly correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.98, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that the proposed tests are reliable when evaluating agility characteristics in an untrained/clinical population after knee arthroplasty/arthroscopy. Further evaluation of the specific validity of the proposed tests in other specific subsamples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Peric
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Miodrag Spasic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.S.); (D.N.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sergej Ostojic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.S.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. The Effects of Leg Preference on Transient Characteristics of Body Sway During Single-Leg Stance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:617222. [PMID: 33505261 PMCID: PMC7829675 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.617222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Instrumented assessments of quiet-stance postural control typically involve recording and analyzing of body sway signal, most often the center of pressure (CoP) movement. It has been recently suggested that transient characteristics of body sway may offer additional information regarding postural control. In this study, we explored the relationship between whole-trial estimates of body sway (CoP velocity, amplitude, and frequency) and corresponding transient behavior indexes, as well as the effects of leg preference. A total of 705 healthy young athletes performed 30 s single-leg body sway trials for both legs. It was found that the transient characteristics of the body sway (expressed as relative differences between individual time intervals within the trial) are in negligible or weak correlation (r ≤ 0.26) with the corresponding variables, averaged across the whole trial. All CoP variables showed transient characteristics, reflected in statistically significant decrease (CoP velocity and amplitude) or increase (CoP frequency) throughout the trial. The preferred leg showed smaller body sway; however, the effect sizes were very small. Moreover, differences between the legs were also noted in terms of transient characteristics of body sway. In particular, the preferred leg showed earlier reduction in anterior–posterior body sway and larger reduction in medial–lateral body sway. Further studies should focus on examining the clinical utility of indexes of transient behavior of body sway, for instance, their sensitivity to aging-related changes and risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia.,S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Šarabon N, Kozinc Ž. Effects of Resistance Exercise on Balance Ability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E284. [PMID: 33203156 PMCID: PMC7697352 DOI: 10.3390/life10110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With this systematic review, we explored whether resistance exercise (RE) could be used to improve balance in addition to muscular strength and power. Scientific databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of RE on the performance of various balance tests. Studies were considered if they involved healthy participants of any age group. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed moderate to large improvements in balance ability following RE in older adults, as reflected in functional reach test (mean difference (MD): +4.22 cm, p < 0.001), single-leg standing test (MD: +1.9-37.6 s, p < 0.001) and timed-up-and-go test (MD: -0.55 s; p = 0.002). Moderate to large improvements following RE were seen in adults in star excursion balance test (MD: +4.09-5.17 cm; p = 0.001-0.020), but not for Y-balance test score (MD: +4.94%, p = 0.14). The results implicate that RE interventions may significantly improve balance ability in adults and older adults. Therefore, RE could be used to improve balance in these populations, while further studies are needed to investigate children populations. Performing RE alone could be a time-efficient compromise for individuals who are unwilling or unable to perform large volumes of exercise or different exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- InnoRenew CoE, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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