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Baykan A, Kum YE, Yılmazer MM, Varan C, Yakut K, Sert A, Öztunç F, Öncül M, Uç D, Başpınar O, Pamukçu Ö, Murat M, Tanıdır İC, Alkan G, Murt NU, Akın A, Karakurt C, Şahin DA, Doğan A, Duman D, Öztürk E, Coşkun Yİ, Türe M, Temel MT, Elkıran Ö. One-Year Follow-Up Results of MIS-C Patients with Coronary Artery Involvement: A Multi-center Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:282-291. [PMID: 38159144 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children is a rare complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Knowing the course of the affected or unaffected coronary arteries in the patients under follow-up is important in terms of defining the long-term prognosis of the disease and determining the follow-up plan. This is a multicenter and retrospective study. The data were obtained from nine different centers. Between May 2020 and August 2022, 68 of 790 patients had coronary artery involvement. One-year echocardiographic data of 67 of 789 MIS-C patients with coronary artery involvement were analyzed. Existing pathologies of the coronary arteries were grouped as increased echogenicity, dilatation and aneurysm according to Z scores, and their changes over a 1-year period were determined. The data of all three groups are defined as frequency. SPSS Statistics version 22 was used to evaluate the data. In our study, aneurysm was observed in 16.4%, dilatation in 68.7% and increased echogenicity in 13.4% of the patients. All of the patients with involvement in the form of increased echogenicity recovered without sequelae by the end of the first month. No progression to aneurysm was observed in any of the patients with dilatation. No new-onset involvement was observed in patients with previously healthy coronary arteries during the convalescent period. In addition, from the sixth month follow-up period, there was no worsening in the amount of dilatation in any of the patients. At least 94% of the patients who completed the 12th month control period returned to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baykan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Kum
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Murat Muhtar Yılmazer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Celal Varan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Kahraman Yakut
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Funda Öztunç
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Öncül
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uç
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Osman Başpınar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Özge Pamukçu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Cansaran Tanıdır
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Alkan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nujin Uluğ Murt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Akın
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Cemşit Karakurt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Derya Aydın Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alper Doğan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Derya Duman
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erkut Öztürk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf İskender Coşkun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Türe
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Münevver Tuğba Temel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Özlem Elkıran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Gorji M, Taraz M, Gharib B, Ziaee V. Giant Coronary Aneurysms with Multiple Large Resistant Thromboses in an 8-Month-Old Boy with IVIg-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report. J Tehran Heart Cent 2023; 18:224-227. [PMID: 38146411 PMCID: PMC10748654 DOI: 10.18502/jthc.v18i3.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is an acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis in childhood, resulting in arterial swelling or inflammation and eventually leading to cardiovascular problems, such as coronary artery aneurysms. Based on previous studies, serum sodium ≤133 mmol/L, albumin ≤3.2 g/dL, alanine transaminase ≥80 U/L, and neutrophil percentage ≥80% at diagnosis are risk factors for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). However, the prevalence of resistance to Ig among children with Kawasaki disease varies among different countries due to diversity in evaluation, treatment, and diagnosis. Approximately, 10% to 20% of patients have IVIg-resistant Kawasaki disease. As the probability of coronary artery damage associated with IVIg-resistant Kawasaki disease is higher than that with IVIg-sensitive Kawasaki disease, the early detection and appropriate treatment of IVIg-resistant Kawasaki disease can decrease the probability of damage to coronary arteries and hospital lengths of stay and cost. Kawasaki disease in early infancy is uncommon, and sometimes it occurs with thrombosis and peripheral gangrene. A positive genetic background may play a role in susceptibility to thrombosis. We herein describe a patient suffering from an IVIg-resistant Kawasaki disease with severe coronary artery thrombosis and positive genetic mutation. Medical treatment resolved the thrombosis, but the coronary arteries remained dilated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Gorji
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taraz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behdad Gharib
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ziaee
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
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Maniscalco V, Niccolai R, Marrani E, Maccora I, Bertini F, Pagnini I, Simonini G, Lasagni D, Trapani S, Mastrolia MV. Thrombotic Events in MIS-C Patients: A Single Case Report and Literature Review. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10040618. [PMID: 37189867 DOI: 10.3390/children10040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a systemic hyperinflammatory disorder that is associated with a hypercoagulable state and a higher risk of thrombotic events (TEs). We report the case of a 9-year-old MIS-C patient with a severe course who developed a massive pulmonary embolism that was successfully treated with heparin. A literature review of previous TEs in MIS-C patients was conducted (60 MIS-C cases from 37 studies). At least one risk factor for thrombosis was observed in 91.7% of patients. The most frequently observed risk factors were pediatric intensive care unit hospitalization (61.7%), central venous catheter (36.7%), age >12 years (36.7%), left ventricular ejection fraction <35% (28.3%), D-dimer >5 times the upper limit of normal values (71.9%), mechanical ventilation (23.3%), obesity (23.3%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (15%). TEs may concurrently affect multiple vessels, including both arterial and venous. Arterial thrombosis was more frequent, mainly affecting the cerebral and pulmonary vascular systems. Despite antithrombotic prophylaxis, 40% of MIS-C patients developed TEs. Over one-third of patients presented persistent focal neurological signs, and ten patients died, half of whom died because of TEs. TEs are severe and life-threatening complications of MIS-C. In case with thrombosis risk factors, appropriate thromboprophylaxis should be promptly administered. Despite proper prophylactic therapy, TEs may occur, leading in some cases to permanent disability or death.
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Bassareo PP, O’Brien ST, Dunne E, Duignan S, Martino E, Martino F, Mcmahon CJ. Should We Be Screening for Ischaemic Heart Disease Earlier in Childhood? CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9070982. [PMID: 35883966 PMCID: PMC9320497 DOI: 10.3390/children9070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease is the most common cause of death in males and the second in the female gender. Yet we often only focus on identification and treatment of this foremost cause of death in adulthood. The review asks the question what form of coronary disease do we encounter in childhood, what predisposing factors give rise to atherosclerosis and what strategies in childhood could we employ to detect and reduce atherosclerosis development in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Mater Misercordiae Hospital, Mater, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen T. O’Brien
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Esme Dunne
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Sophie Duignan
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Eliana Martino
- Department of Paediatrics, La Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Martino
- Department of Paediatrics, La Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Colin J. Mcmahon
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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