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Zafeiriadou A, Kaltsis L, Thomaidis NS, Markou A. Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B and respiratory syncytial virus in wastewater samples by one-step multiplex RT-ddPCR assay. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:48. [PMID: 38769549 PMCID: PMC11103825 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, detection of other disseminated respiratory viruses using highly sensitive molecular methods was declared essential for monitoring the spread of health-threatening viruses in communities. The development of multiplex molecular assays are essential for the simultaneous detection of such viruses even at low concentrations. In the present study, a highly sensitive and specific multiplex one-step droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and absolute quantification of influenza A (IAV), influenza B (IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and beta-2-microglobulin transcript as an endogenous internal control (IC B2M). RESULTS The assay was first evaluated for analytical sensitivity and specificity, linearity, reproducibility, and recovery rates with excellent performance characteristics and then applied to 37 wastewater samples previously evaluated with commercially available and in-house quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. IAV was detected in 16/37 (43%), IBV in 19/37 (51%), and RSV in 10/37 (27%) of the wastewater samples. Direct comparison of the developed assay with real-time RT-qPCR assays showed statistically significant high agreement in the detection of IAV (kappa Cohen's correlation coefficient: 0.834, p = 0.001) and RSV (kappa: 0.773, p = 0.001) viruses between the two assays, while the results for the detection of IBV (kappa: 0.355, p = 0.27) showed good agreement without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the developed one-step multiplex ddPCR assay is cost-effective, highly sensitive and specific, and can simultaneously detect three common respiratory viruses in the complex matrix of wastewater samples even at low concentrations. Due to its high sensitivity and resistance to PCR inhibitors, the developed assay could be further used as an early warning system for wastewater monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zafeiriadou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Lazaros Kaltsis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Athina Markou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, ZografouAthens, Greece.
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Cohen R, Haas H, Romain O, Béchet S, Romain C, de Lays CDT, Wollner A, Guiheneuf C, de Pontual L, Levy C. Use of Rapid Antigen Triple Test Nasal Swabs (COVID-VIRO ALL-IN TRIPLEX: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Influenza) in Children With Respiratory Symptoms: A Real-life Prospective Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad617. [PMID: 38173847 PMCID: PMC10764097 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In autumn 2022, the epidemics due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza overlapped, and these diseases can present with the same symptomatology. The use of a triple antigen test (SARS-CoV-2 + influenza A/B + RSV) seems crucial for accurate viral diagnosis in the context of implementing long-acting monoclonal antibody vaccination against RSV in the upcoming RSV season. Methods We assessed the usefulness of the triple test in real life in this prospective study performed from October 2022 to May 2023 and involving 116 pediatricians (2 emergency department pediatricians and 114 ambulatory pediatricians). Children <15 years old with flu-like illness (with fever), bronchiolitis (dyspnea ± wheezing), otitis, and croup were enrolled and sampled with a nasal triple test. Results For 8329 children with flu-like illness (65.3%), bronchiolitis (17.9%), otitis (8.8%), and croup (6.3%), the use of the triple test led to a viral diagnosis in 47.9% of cases. The highest RSV positivity occurred in children with bronchiolitis (32.9%). The highest influenza A and B positivity (24.6% and 19.6%) occurred in children with flu-like illness. A succession of 3 epidemics (RSV and influenza A and B) occurred over time with several overlap periods. Conclusions The triple test allowed for a viral diagnosis in half of our cases. The upcoming introduction of RSV prevention will emphasize the need for active surveillance with viral results both in ambulatory settings and hospitals. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT0441231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cohen
- Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France
- Clinical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale-Groupe de Recherche Clinique, Groupe d'Etude des Maladie Infectieuses Néonatales et Infantiles, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Pediatric Department, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Orléans, France
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
| | - Hervé Haas
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
- Service de pédiatrie, Hôpital Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Olivier Romain
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
| | - Stéphane Béchet
- Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France
- Pediatric Department, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Orléans, France
| | - Catherine Romain
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
| | - Camille de Truchis de Lays
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
- Service de pédiatrie, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Alain Wollner
- Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France
- Pediatric Department, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Orléans, France
| | - Cécile Guiheneuf
- Pediatric Department, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Orléans, France
| | - Loic de Pontual
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
- Service de pédiatrie, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Corinne Levy
- Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France
- Clinical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale-Groupe de Recherche Clinique, Groupe d'Etude des Maladie Infectieuses Néonatales et Infantiles, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Pediatric Department, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Orléans, France
- Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Créteil, France
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