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Kijowska-Oberc J, Dylewski Ł, Ratajczak E. Proline concentrations in seedlings of woody plants change with drought stress duration and are mediated by seed characteristics: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15157. [PMID: 37704656 PMCID: PMC10500006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline accumulation represents one of mechanisms used by plants to prevent the adverse consequences of water stress. The effects of increased proline levels in response to drought differ among species. Trees are exposed to the long-term effects of climate change. The reproductive success of species in a specific environment depends on the functional trait of tree seeds. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the proline concentrations in seedling leaf tissues of woody plant species and their relationships to drought duration, seed mass, seed category and coniferous/deciduous classification. Drought duration exhibited a nonlinear effect on proline accumulations. The drought effect on proline accumulations is greater for deciduous than for coniferous species and is higher for orthodox seed species than for recalcitrant. The seedlings of large-seeded species showed greater effect sizes than those of small-seeded species. Our results suggest that there is an optimum level at which proline accumulations under the influence of drought are the highest. A link between seed functional traits, as well as the coniferous/deciduous classification, and proline concentrations in tree seedlings during water stress were determined for the first time. Proline may help to identify high-quality seeds of trees used for reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kijowska-Oberc
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Dylewski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Tóth EG, Cseke K, Benke A, Lados BB, Tomov VT, Zhelev P, Kámpel JD, Borovics A, Köbölkuti ZA. Key triggers of adaptive genetic variability of sessile oak [Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] from the Balkan refugia: outlier detection and association of SNP loci from ddRAD-seq data. Heredity (Edinb) 2023:10.1038/s41437-023-00629-2. [PMID: 37316726 PMCID: PMC10382515 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the genetic composition of Quercus petraea in south-eastern Europe is limited despite the species' significant role in the re-colonisation of Europe during the Holocene, and the diverse climate and physical geography of the region. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct research on adaptation in sessile oak to better understand its ecological significance in the region. While large sets of SNPs have been developed for the species, there is a continued need for smaller sets of SNPs that are highly informative about the possible adaptation to this varied landscape. By using double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing data from our previous study, we mapped RAD-seq loci to the Quercus robur reference genome and identified a set of SNPs putatively related to drought stress-response. A total of 179 individuals from eighteen natural populations at sites covering heterogeneous climatic conditions in the southeastern natural distribution range of Q. petraea were genotyped. The detected highly polymorphic variant sites revealed three genetic clusters with a generally low level of genetic differentiation and balanced diversity among them but showed a north-southeast gradient. Selection tests showed nine outlier SNPs positioned in different functional regions. Genotype-environment association analysis of these markers yielded a total of 53 significant associations, explaining 2.4-16.6% of the total genetic variation. Our work exemplifies that adaptation to drought may be under natural selection in the examined Q. petraea populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Gy Tóth
- Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Forest Research Institute (UOS-FRI), University of Sopron, Várkerület 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary.
| | - Klára Cseke
- Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Forest Research Institute (UOS-FRI), University of Sopron, Várkerület 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary
| | - Attila Benke
- Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Forest Research Institute (UOS-FRI), University of Sopron, Várkerület 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary
| | - Botond B Lados
- Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Forest Research Institute (UOS-FRI), University of Sopron, Várkerület 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary
| | - Vladimir T Tomov
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Ecology and Landscape Architecture, University of Forestry (UF), Kliment Ohridsky 10, Sofia, 1797, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Zhelev
- Department of Dendrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Forestry (UF), Kliment Ohridsky 10, Sofia, 1797, Bulgaria
| | - József D Kámpel
- Ottó Herman Environmental and Agricultural Technical School, Vocational School and College (Agricultural Vocational Centre of the Kisalföld Region), Ernuszt Kelemen 1, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
| | - Attila Borovics
- Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Forest Research Institute (UOS-FRI), University of Sopron, Várkerület 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary
| | - Zoltán A Köbölkuti
- Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Forest Research Institute (UOS-FRI), University of Sopron, Várkerület 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary
- Departement of Applied Forest Genetics Research, Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics (AWG), Forstamtsplatz 1, Teisendorf, 83317, Germany
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Kulshrestha S, Jibran R, van Klink JW, Zhou Y, Brummell DA, Albert NW, Schwinn KE, Chagné D, Landi M, Bowman JL, Davies KM. Stress, senescence, and specialized metabolites in bryophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4396-4411. [PMID: 35259256 PMCID: PMC9291361 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Life on land exposes plants to varied abiotic and biotic environmental stresses. These environmental drivers contributed to a large expansion of metabolic capabilities during land plant evolution and species diversification. In this review we summarize knowledge on how the specialized metabolite pathways of bryophytes may contribute to stress tolerance capabilities. Bryophytes are the non-tracheophyte land plant group (comprising the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses) and rapidly diversified following the colonization of land. Mosses and liverworts have as wide a distribution as flowering plants with regard to available environments, able to grow in polar regions through to hot desert landscapes. Yet in contrast to flowering plants, for which the biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulation, and compound function of stress tolerance-related metabolite pathways have been extensively characterized, it is only recently that similar data have become available for bryophytes. The bryophyte data are compared with those available for angiosperms, including examining how the differing plant forms of bryophytes and angiosperms may influence specialized metabolite diversity and function. The involvement of stress-induced specialized metabolites in senescence and nutrient response pathways is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kulshrestha
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John W van Klink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Frameworks on Patterns of Grasslands’ Sensitivity to Forecast Extreme Drought. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12197837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate models have predicted the future occurrence of extreme drought (ED). The management, conservation, or restoration of grasslands following ED requires a robust prior knowledge of the patterns and mechanisms of sensitivity—declining rate of ecosystem functions due to ED. Yet, the global-scale pattern of grasslands’ sensitivity to any ED event remains unresolved. Here, frameworks were built to predict the sensitivity patterns of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) spanning the global precipitation gradient under ED. The frameworks particularly present three sensitivity patterns that could manipulate (weaken, strengthen, or erode) the orthodox positive precipitation–productivity relationship which exists under non-drought (ambient) condition. First, the slope of the relationship could become steeper via higher sensitivity at xeric sites than mesic and hydric ones. Second, if the sensitivity emerges highest in hydric, followed by mesic, then xeric, a weakened slope, flat line, or negative slope would emerge. Lastly, if the sensitivity emerges unexpectedly similar across the precipitation gradient, the slope of the relationship would remain similar to that of the ambient condition. Overall, the frameworks provide background knowledge on possible differences or similarities in responses of grasslands to forecast ED, and could stimulate increase in conduct of experiments to unravel the impacts of ED on grasslands. More importantly, the frameworks indicate the need for reconciliation of conflicting hypotheses of grasslands’ sensitivity to ED through global-scale experiments.
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An Assessment of Soil’s Nutrient Deficiencies and Their Influence on the Restoration of Degraded Karst Vegetation in Southwest China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of karst landscapes over the Earth’s surface, to a large extent, follows the distribution of carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and gypsum rocks and together these make up about 12% of the Earth’s land area, and the largest karst region in to world is in Southwestern China. Characterized by a unique set of landforms, these geographical areas also differ from other geomorphic regions by the presence of cave systems in the subsurface. Unfortunately, due to human disturbances, such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, livestock overgrazing and fire, these regions have been affected by varying degrees of degradation, which could also be worsened if water and soil erosion phenomena typical of these areas are considered. Therefore, there is a need to implement measures and strategies to protect these karst areas and develop plans to restore vegetation in this region. To support local and national authorities to achieve this goal, this study aims to characterize nutrient deficiencies in degraded areas and estimate what could be the thresholds required to facilitate the restoration of vegetation in karst areas in southwest China. The results obtained confirm that the total element concentrations for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), N, K, Ca, P, S and Mg were relatively high in the study karst area in southwest China. However, the total amounts of soil nutrients stored were very low due to the limited amount of soil identified as a consequence of previous deforestation processes undertaken within this study area and this aspect needs to be taken into consideration if aiming at a positive success of future restoration processes.
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Abstract
Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed to danger and must adapt to new climate conditions to survive. Trees respond to changes in the environment in numerous ways. Physiological modulation at the seed stage, germination strategy and further development are influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought and heat), including biochemical responses of plants to stress, and biotic threats (pathogens and insects) related to global warming. We then discus the varied adaptations of tree species to changing climate conditions such as seed resistance to environmental stress, improved by an increase in temperature, affinity to specific fungal symbionts, a wide range of tolerance to abiotic environmental conditions in the offspring of populations occurring in continental climate, and germination strategies closely linked to the ecological niche of the species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether tree adaptations are shaped by epigenetics or phenology and do not define the role of phenotypic plasticity in tree development. We have created a juxtaposition of literature that is useful in identifying the factors that play key roles in these processes. We compare scientific evidence that species distribution and survival are possible due to phenotypic plasticity and thermal memory with studies that testify that trees’ phenology depends on phylogenesis, but this issue is still open. It is possible that studies in the near future will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms through which trees adapt to stressful conditions, especially in the context of epigenetic memory in long-lived organisms, and allow us to minimize the harmful effects of climatic events by predicting tree species’ responses or by developing solutions such as assisted migration to mitigate the consequences of these phenomena.
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