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Bai J, Huang J, Feng J, Jiang P, Zhu R, Dong L, Liu Z, Li L, Luo Z. Combined ultrasound and germination treatment on the fine structure of highland barley starch. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106394. [PMID: 37018984 PMCID: PMC10122010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley is a grain crop grown in Tibet, China. This study investigated the structure of highland barley starch using ultrasound (40 kHz, 40 min, 165.5 W) and germination treatments (30℃ with 80% relative humidity). The macroscopic morphology and the barley's fine and molecular structure were evaluated. After sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination, a significant difference in moisture content and surface roughness was noted between highland barley and the other groups. All test groups showed an increased particle size distribution range with increasing germination time. FTIR results also indicated that after sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination, the absorption intensity of the intramolecular hydroxyl (-OH) group of starch increased, and hydrogen bonding was stronger compared to the untreated germinated sample. In addition, XRD analysis revealed that starch crystallinity increased following sequential ultrasound treatment and germination, but a-type of crystallinity remained after sonication. Further, the Mw of sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination at any time is higher than that of sequential germination and ultrasound. As a result of sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination, changes in the content of chain length of barley starch were consistent with germination alone. At the same time, the average degree of polymerisation (DP) fluctuated slightly. Lastly, the starch was modified during the sonication process, either prior to or following sonication. Pretreatment with ultrasound illustrated a more profound effect on barley starch than sequential germination and ultrasound treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination improve the fine structure of highland barley starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Bai
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Jinxin Feng
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Pengli Jiang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Grain Administration Grain and Oil Center Laboratory, Lhasa 850000, Tibet, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwen Dong
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Liang Li
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China.
| | - Zhang Luo
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, R&D Center of Agricultural Products with Tibetan Plateau Characteristics, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
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The Influence of Farming Systems, Genotype and Their Interaction on Bioactive Compound, Protein and Starch Content of Bread and Spelt Wheat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244028. [PMID: 36553770 PMCID: PMC9778307 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the production and consumption of spelt products can be associated with positive effects on human health, which are attributed to bioactive compounds present in the grain. The basic success of spelt wheat in organic farming might be explained by the fact that spelt wheat belongs to the group of hulled wheat where the presence of a husk protects the seed from abiotic and biotic stress factors, thus demanding less chemical protection. The goal of this study was to investigate the variations in the bioactive compound (alkylresorcinol, arabinoxylan, β-glucan), protein, starch and fructan content of bread and spelt wheat under different farming systems (conventional and organic). The results showed higher protein and alkylresorcinol but lower fructan content in spelt wheat. Organic spelt had significantly higher starch, fiber and alkylresorcinol content but lower β-glucan and protein content than conventionally grown spelt. The spelt variety 'Oberkulmer-Rotkorn' was characterized by the highest values for the majority of analyzed traits under both farming systems. Overall, the environmental conditions (Hungary and Serbia), farming systems (conventional and organic) and wheat species (bread and spelt) contributed to the variations of the compositional traits in different manners.
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Wan C, Wang J, Gao L, Lei X, Tao J, Gao X, Feng B, Gao J. Proteomics characterization of the synthesis and accumulation of starch and amino acid driven by high-nitrogen fertilizer in common buckwheat. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Falua KJ, Pokharel A, Babaei-Ghazvini A, Ai Y, Acharya B. Valorization of Starch to Biobased Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112215. [PMID: 35683888 PMCID: PMC9183024 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many concerns are being expressed about the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and long-term viability of polymer-based substances. This prompted the quest for an alternative source of material that could be utilized for various purposes. Starch is widely used as a thickener, emulsifier, and binder in many food and non-food sectors, but research focuses on increasing its application beyond these areas. Due to its biodegradability, low cost, renewability, and abundance, starch is considered a "green path" raw material for generating porous substances such as aerogels, biofoams, and bioplastics, which have sparked an academic interest. Existing research has focused on strategies for developing biomaterials from organic polymers (e.g., cellulose), but there has been little research on its polysaccharide counterpart (starch). This review paper highlighted the structure of starch, the context of amylose and amylopectin, and the extraction and modification of starch with their processes and limitations. Moreover, this paper describes nanofillers, intelligent pH-sensitive films, biofoams, aerogels of various types, bioplastics, and their precursors, including drying and manufacturing. The perspectives reveal the great potential of starch-based biomaterials in food, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and non-food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde James Falua
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
- Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Nigeria
| | - Anamol Pokharel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Amin Babaei-Ghazvini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Yongfeng Ai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Bishnu Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Wan C, Gao L, Wang J, Lei X, Wu Y, Gao J. Proteomics characterization nitrogen fertilizer promotes the starch synthesis and metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis in common buckwheat. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:342-349. [PMID: 34599992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) affects common buckwheat quality by affecting starch and amino acids (AAs) content, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. We selected two common buckwheat varieties with high and low starch content, and designed two treatments with 180 and 0 kg N/ha. Application of high-N led to significant increases in starch, amylose and amylopectin content. Of 1337 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) induced by high-N conditions. 472DEPs were significantly upregulated and 176DEPs downregulated for Xinong9976. 239DEPs were significantly upregulated and 126DEPs downregulated for Beizaosheng. The six alpha-glucan phosphorylases, three alpha-amylases, one granule-bound starch synthase 1 and one sucrose synthase exhibited higher expression at the 180 kg N/ha than at the 0 kg N/ha. In addition, high-N application promoted arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. This study revealed the effect of N on the starch and AA content of common buckwheat and its mechanism. The crucial proteins identified may develop the quality of common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wan
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Licheng Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xinhui Lei
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Behera AK, Manna S, Das N. Effect of Soy Waste/Cellulose on Mechanical, Water Sorption, and Biodegradation Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Composites. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751004 India
| | - Suvendu Manna
- School of Engineering Energy acres Bidholi University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Nigamananda Das
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751004 India
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