The Characteristics of Quark Cheese Made from Buttermilk during Refrigerated Storage

Role of pectin in maintaining the physicochemical, textural, rheological, and organoleptic properties of model quark cheese spreads during simulated vibrations and storage

This study examined the effects of incorporating pectin and applying simulated mechanical vibrations on the physicochemical, textural, rheological, and organoleptic attributes of Quark cheese spreads (QCS) over a storage period of 30 days (6 ± 2 °C). The QCS model samples were prepared with pectin concentrations of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 % w/w and subjected to vibrational loading to simulate transportation conditions. Key physicochemical parameters, including dry matter (DM), fat and protein content, water activity, and pH, were measured on day 2 and 30 after preparation. Vibrations significantly affected the hardness, spreadability, and water holding capacity (WHC) of the samples, with increased pectin concentrations leading to greater hardness and greater force required for spreading, particularly in non-vibrated samples. Rheological analysis revealed that vibrational loading reduced viscoelastic moduli (G' and G"), with the elastic character prevailing in all samples (tan δ < 1). Sensory evaluation demonstrated a minimal influence of vibrations on assessor perception, except at higher pectin concentrations. It could be concluded that vibrations negatively affected the textural and viscoelastic properties and WHC of the QCS model products. To avoid the problems mentioned above, the data presented in this study may be useful in developing formulations and transportation systems for QCS products.

Camembert-Type Cheese with Sweet Buttermilk: The Determination of Quality Properties and Microstructure

Camembert is a type of surface-mold-ripened soft cheese traditionally produced from cow's milk. Buttermilk, a by-product of butter production with beneficial nutritional and technological properties, is increasingly being used in various applications, including cheesemaking. Therefore, this study aimed to use sweet buttermilk (BM) in combination with milk at concentrations of 10% (w/w) (BM10) and 20% (w/w) (BM20) for the production of Camembert-type cheese. A control cheese made entirely from milk was also produced. The cheese samples underwent a 28-day ripening process during which their composition, acidity, water activity, color, and sensory properties were examined at 1-week intervals. The microstructure of the matured Camembert-type cheese samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their texture was evaluated. The production yield of BM20 cheese (18.03 ± 0.29 kg/100 kg) was lower (p < 0.05) than that of the control (19.92 ± 0.23 kg/100 kg), with BM10 showing the distinctly lowest yield (14.74 ± 0.35 kg/100 kg). The total solid and fat content of BM Camembert-type cheese samples was lower than the control. However, the total protein content in cheese BM20 at the end of the ripening period was the same as that of the control. The changes in acidity in all samples were typical for Camembert cheese, and water activity was high (above 0.92). The sensory properties of all samples were characteristic of the cheese type, while the color of BM cheese samples differed from the control. The microstructure of BM10 and BM20 cheese variants was similar, namely homogenous and less porous compared to the control. In terms of texture, the BM samples had significantly lower hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess. This study indicates that sweet BM, particularly at a concentration of 20%, may be effectively used in the production of Camembert-type cheese.