Preparing a Personalized Meal by Using Soy, Cricket, and Egg Albumin Protein Based on 3D Printing

Effect of Homogenized Callus Tissue on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Food

The aim of the study was to develop ink enriched with a high content of lupine callus tissue (CT) suitable for 3D printing. Printable ink obtained using mashed potatoes (20 g/100 mL) and a 3% agar solution was used as the parent CT-free ink (CT0). Viscosity increased from 9.6 to 75.4 kPa·s during the cooling of the CT0 ink from 50 to 20 °C, while the viscosity of the ink with 80 g/100 mL of CT (CT80) increased from 0.9 to 5.6 kPa·s under the same conditions. The inclusion of CT was shown to decrease the hardness of 3D-printed food gel from 0.32 ± 0.03 to 0.21 ± 0.03 N. The storage modulus G' value was 7.9 times lower in CT80 samples than in CT0 samples. The values of fracture stress for CT80 and CT0 inks were 1621 ± 711 and 13,241 ± 2329 Pa, respectively. The loss tangent and the limiting strain did not differ in CT0 and CT80, although the value of the fracture strain was 1.6 times higher in the latter. Thus, the present study demonstrates that CT may be added to printing ink in order to enhance food with plant cell material and enable the 3D printing of specially shaped foods.

Investigation of 3D printing product of powder-based white mushroom incorporated with soybean protein isolate as dysphagia diet

The elderly people are prone to dysphagia due to weakened muscle strength. 3D food printing could modify the nutritional ratio and shape design to produce personalized nutritious food suitable for patients with dysphagia. White mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is rich in a variety of active ingredients such as polysaccharides and polyphenols which are beneficial to human body, but its unique texture is not suitable for patients with dysphagia to chew. This study investigated the impact of different concentrations of soybean protein isolate (SPI, 3%, 5%, 7%, w/w) on 3D food printing of white mushroom powder and carried out the hierarchical representation of dysphagia diet within the framework of International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI). The results illustrated that SPI addition to white mushroom gel reduced water mobility and promoted hydrogen bond formation, which significantly improved the mechanical strength and cohesiveness of printing inks, including yield stress, viscosity and hardness. IDDSI tests showed that the SPI addition of 3% and 5% helped the printing ink pass the spoon tilt test and the fork drip test, which could be classified as level 5 minced and moist food under the consideration of the fork pressure test. The 3D printing results indicated that the 7% SPI addition made the yield stress too high and was not easy for extrusion, resulting in the appearance defects of the printed sample. The addition of 3% SPI could make the printed sample have smooth surface and excellent self-supporting capacity. This work provides insights of white mushroom 3D printing technology as a more visually appealing dysphagia diet.

Study the correlation between the instrumental and sensory evaluation of 3D-printed protein-fortified potato puree

The creation of 3D printed food with programmed texture has the ambition of getting personalized properties through novel texture perceptions with many different ingredients and is helping the swallowing or mastication problems of vulnerable people. This study is done to determine the correlation between the instrumental and sensory evaluation of 3D-printed protein-fortified puree potatoes. At the moment there are not many studies about this correlation, and this information can be very helpful for food texture development. For people with swallowing difficulties, it is critical to have access to safe food with the desired texture. Therefore, understanding the correlation between texture-modified food will aid in the formulation of safe foods with desired sensory properties. Instrumental measurements of fortified puree were performed by a texture analyzer and the attributes obtained were firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and index of viscosity. Quantitative descriptive analysis with eight trained panelists was employed to characterize the texture of the the3D-printed protein-fortified puree based on six sensory attributes: firmness, thickness, smoothness, rate of breakdown, adhesive, and difficulty swallowing. Three proteins (soy, cricket, and egg albumin with two different concentrations of 3 and 5%) were evaluated against puree potato without any protein as a control. The correlation results obtained from texture analysis and sensory evaluation were statistically significant (P < 0.05) which can be used to understand the impact of ingredients on textured modified puree to predict the sensory attributes which need a lot of time for training panelists.