Improvement of Oxidative Stability of Fish Oil-in-Water Emulsions through Partitioning of Sesamol at the Interface

Differential binding of gallic acid and epigallocatechin gallate to whey protein affects the interfacial adsorption and gastric digestion of O/W emulsion

Whey protein isolate (WPI) was reacted with 20, 120, and 240 μmol/g gallic acid (GA) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at 21 °C. Equilibrium dialysis testing indicated a stronger binding capacity of whey proteins with EGCG compared to GA. Both phenolics, especially EGCG, tended to reduce the adsorption of WPI at the oil-water interface and decreased the elasticity modulus (Ed) of the interfacial film. Yet, binding with 20 μmol/g of EGCG and GA (less so) resulted in significantly improved emulsifying activity of WPI, but the emulsion stability was decreased at all phenolic concentrations (except at 240 μmol/g). There was an overall improvement of pepsinolysis of both α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. In comparison with GA, EGCG yielded more pronounced effects on WPI interfacial adsorption, dilatational rheology, and peptic digestion.

A novel route to 3D printable protein-based HIPEs developed with shiitake oil

Tuning protein-based Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) into 3D printing inks is promising in the food fields. Currently, the correlation between the changes in oil phase composition and the regulation of protein-based HIPEs 3D printing performance is still unclear. In this study, spiking the shiitake oil (ranging from 0 to 60 %) into the soybean oil phase of HIPEs can enhance their rheological properties and induce the formation of 3D printable HIPEs. The rheological tests showed that the yield stress and viscosity of the HIPEs respectively increased from 81.8 ± 4.84 Pa to 309 ± 16.3 Pa and from 409-1.74 Pa.s to 1762-2.93 Pa.s with increasing the shiitake oil concentration (0 % to 60 %) in the oil phase. In this study, the spontaneous interaction between phenolic compounds in shiitake oil and interfacial casein promoted the aggregation of protein, which led to the formation of casein cross-linking network in emulsion droplets, thus realizing the self-supporting and printing fidelity required for 3D printing. These findings provide a new perspective for enhancing the 3D printing properties of protein-based HIPEs.

Assessment of cooking methods and freezing on the nutritional value and health risks of heavy metals in four fish species consumed in Douala, Cameroon

The effects of smoking, boiling and freezing on the nutritional value and health risks of heavy metals in four fish species consumed in Douala was investigated. Fish samples from Cyprinus carpio, Arius parkii, Ethmalosa fimbriata and Polydactilis quadrifilis were collected at the Douala Fishing seaport, carried to the laboratory, washed with distilled water and processed. Proximate composition, mineral content, heavy metals and lipid quality were analyzed using AOAC standard methods. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Targeted Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) were used to estimate the human health risk. Results showed that smoking and boiling increased significantly (P < 0.05) protein and ash levels. Lipid were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with boiling and freezing compared to raw and smoked sample. Smoking increased significantly (P < 0.05) cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic contents compared to boiling and freezing. EDI values of cadmium in all species of fish smoked were not acceptable for human consumption. THQ values of mercury in raw, smoked, boiled and frozen were not acceptable for human consumption. HI suggested a non potential carcinogenic effect for all fish while CR for cadmium and arsenic suggested a carcinogenic health risk for Arius parkii (smoked and boiled). All treatment decreased significantly (P < 0.05) iodine value and increased acid, peroxide, anisidine values, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total oxidation index compared to raw fish. Boiling was the best cooking method compared to smoking.