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Tariq M, Khokhar R, Javed A, Usman M, Anjum SMM, Rasheed H, Bukhari NI, Yan C, Nawaz HA. Novel Hydrophilic Oligomer-Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2023; 9:564. [PMID: 37504443 PMCID: PMC10379017 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin-based hydrogels have shown good injectability and biocompatibility and have been broadly used for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. However, their low mechanical strengths and fast degradation rates must be modified for long-term implantation applications. With an aim to develop mechanically stable hydrogels, reactive anhydride-based oligomers were developed and used to fabricate gelatin-based crosslinked hydrogels in this study. A cascade of hydrophilic oligomers containing reactive anhydride groups was synthesized by free radical polymerization. These oligomers varied in degree of reactivity, comonomer composition, and showed low molecular weights (Mn < 5 kDa). The reactive oligomers were utilized to fabricate hydrogels that differed in their mechanical strengths and degradation profiles. These formulations exhibited good cytocompatibility with human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADCs). In conclusion, the reactive MA-containing oligomers were successfully synthesized and utilized for the development of oligomer-crosslinked hydrogels. Such oligomer-crosslinked gelatin-based hydrogels hold promise as drug or cell carriers in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Tariq
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rabia Khokhar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy (PUCP), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Javed
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy (PUCP), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Rasheed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy (PUCP), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hafiz Awais Nawaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Yadav S, Ramesh K, Reddy OS, Karthika V, Kumar P, Jo SH, Yoo SII, Park SH, Lim KT. Redox-Responsive Comparison of Diselenide and Disulfide Core-Cross-Linked Micelles for Drug Delivery Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041159. [PMID: 37111644 PMCID: PMC10144204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, diselenide (Se–Se) and disulfide (S–S) redox-responsive core-cross-linked (CCL) micelles were synthesized using poly(ethylene oxide)2k-b-poly(furfuryl methacrylate)1.5k (PEO2k-b-PFMA1.5k), and their redox sensitivity was compared. A single electron transfer-living radical polymerization technique was used to prepare PEO2k-b-PFMA1.5k from FMA monomers and PEO2k-Br initiators. An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was incorporated into PFMA hydrophobic parts of the polymeric micelles, which were then cross-linked with maleimide cross-linkers, 1,6-bis(maleimide) hexane, dithiobis(maleimido) ethane and diselenobis(maleimido) ethane via Diels–Alder reaction. Under physiological conditions, the structural stability of both S–S and Se–Se CCL micelles was maintained; however, treatments with 10 mM GSH induced redox-responsive de-cross-linking of S–S and Se–Se bonds. In contrast, the S–S bond was intact in the presence of 100 mM H2O2, while the Se–Se bond underwent de-crosslinking upon the treatment. DLS studies revealed that the size and PDI of (PEO2k-b-PFMA1.5k-Se)2 micelles varied more significantly in response to changes in the redox environment than (PEO2k-b-PFMA1.5k-S)2 micelles. In vitro release studies showed that the developed micelles had a lower drug release rate at pH 7.4, whereas a higher release was observed at pH 5.0 (tumor environment). The micelles were non-toxic against HEK-293 normal cells, which revealed that they could be safe for use. Nevertheless, DOX-loaded S–S/Se–Se CCL micelles exhibited potent cytotoxicity against BT-20 cancer cells. Based on these results, the (PEO2k-b-PFMA1.5k-Se)2 micelles can be more sensitive drug carriers than (PEO2k-b-PFMA1.5k-S)2 micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonyabapu Yadav
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalyan Ramesh
- R&D Center, Devens Lab, SEQENS (CDMO) Pharmaceutical Solutions, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Obireddy Sreekanth Reddy
- Major of Display Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Viswanathan Karthika
- Major of Display Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Major of Display Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong II Yoo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Major of Display Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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