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Recknagel H, Leitão HG, Elmer KR. Genetic basis and expression of ventral colour in polymorphic common lizards. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17278. [PMID: 38268086 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Colour is an important visual cue that can correlate with sex, behaviour, life history or ecological strategies, and has evolved divergently and convergently across animal lineages. Its genetic basis in non-model organisms is rarely known, but such information is vital for determining the drivers and mechanisms of colour evolution. Leveraging genetic admixture in a rare contact zone between oviparous and viviparous common lizards (Zootoca vivipara), we show that females (N = 558) of the two otherwise morphologically indistinguishable reproductive modes differ in their ventral colouration (from pale to vibrant yellow) and intensity of melanic patterning. We find no association between female colouration and reproductive investment, and no evidence for selection on colour. Using a combination of genetic mapping and transcriptomic evidence, we identified two candidate genes associated with ventral colour differentiation, DGAT2 and PMEL. These are genes known to be involved in carotenoid metabolism and melanin synthesis respectively. Ventral melanic spots were associated with two genomic regions, including a SNP close to protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes. Using genome re-sequencing data, our results show that fixed coding mutations in the candidate genes cannot account for differences in colouration. Taken together, our findings show that the evolution of ventral colouration and its associations across common lizard lineages is variable. A potential genetic mechanism explaining the flexibility of ventral colouration may be that colouration in common lizards, but also across squamates, is predominantly driven by regulatory genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Recknagel
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henrique G Leitão
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Montoya-Ciriaco N, Hereira-Pacheco S, Estrada-Torres A, Dendooven L, Méndez de la Cruz FR, Gómez-Acata ES, Díaz de la Vega-Pérez AH, Navarro-Noya YE. Maternal transmission of bacterial microbiota during embryonic development in a viviparous lizard. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178023. [PMID: 37847033 PMCID: PMC10714757 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01780-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We investigated the presence and diversity of bacteria in the embryos of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus and their amniotic environment. We compared this diversity to that found in the maternal intestine, mouth, and cloaca. We detected bacterial DNA in the embryos, albeit with a lower bacterial species diversity than found in maternal tissues. Most of the bacterial species detected in the embryos were also found in the mother, although not all of them. Interestingly, we detected a high similarity in the composition of bacterial species among embryos from different mothers. These findings suggest that there may be a mechanism controlling the transmission of bacteria from the mother to the embryo. Our results highlight the possibility that the interaction between maternal bacteria and the embryo may affect the development of the lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Montoya-Ciriaco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Hereira-Pacheco
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Arturo Estrada-Torres
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto R. Méndez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H. Díaz de la Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Humanidades y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala., Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Scherz MD, Schmidt R, Brown JL, Glos J, Lattenkamp EZ, Rakotomalala Z, Rakotoarison A, Rakotonindrina RT, Randriamalala O, Raselimanana AP, Rasolonjatovo SM, Ratsoavina FM, Razafindraibe JH, Glaw F, Vences M. Repeated divergence of amphibians and reptiles across an elevational gradient in northern Madagascar. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9914. [PMID: 36937068 PMCID: PMC10019947 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
How environmental factors shape patterns of biotic diversity in tropical ecosystems is an active field of research, but studies examining the possibility of ecological speciation in terrestrial tropical ecosystems are scarce. We use the isolated rainforest herpetofauna on the Montagne d'Ambre (Amber Mountain) massif in northern Madagascar as a model to explore elevational divergence at the level of populations and communities. Based on intensive sampling and DNA barcoding of amphibians and reptiles along a transect ranging from ca. 470-1470 m above sea level (a.s.l.), we assessed a main peak in species richness at an elevation of ca. 1000 m a.s.l. with 41 species. The proportion of local endemics was highest (about 1/3) at elevations >1100 m a.s.l. Two species of chameleons (Brookesia tuberculata, Calumma linotum) and two species of frogs (Mantidactylus bellyi, M. ambony) studied in depth by newly developed microsatellite markers showed genetic divergence up the slope of the mountain, some quite strong, others very weak, but in each case with genetic breaks between 1100 and 1270 m a.s.l. Genetic clusters were found in transect sections significantly differing in bioclimate and herpetological community composition. A decrease in body size was detected in several species with increasing elevation. The studied rainforest amphibians and reptiles show concordant population genetic differentiation across elevation along with morphological and niche differentiation. Whether this parapatric or microallopatric differentiation will suffice for the completion of speciation is, however, unclear, and available phylogeographic evidence rather suggests that a complex interplay between ecological and allopatric divergence processes is involved in generating the extraordinary species diversity of Madagascar's biota. Our study reveals concordant patterns of diversification among main elevational bands, but suggests that these adaptational processes are only part of the complex of processes leading to species formation, among which geographical isolation is probably also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Scherz
- Zoologisches InstitutTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Natural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Robin Schmidt
- Zoologisches InstitutTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jason L. Brown
- School of Biological SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Ella Z. Lattenkamp
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians University MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Andolalao Rakotoarison
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité AnimaleUniversité d'AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
- School for International TrainingAntananarivoMadagascar
| | | | - Onja Randriamalala
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité AnimaleUniversité d'AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Achille P. Raselimanana
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité AnimaleUniversité d'AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
- Association VahatraAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Safidy M. Rasolonjatovo
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité AnimaleUniversité d'AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
- Association VahatraAntananarivoMadagascar
| | | | - Jary H. Razafindraibe
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité AnimaleUniversité d'AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Frank Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM‐SNSB)MunichGermany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoologisches InstitutTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Lozano A, Sites Jr JW, Ramírez-Bautista A, Marshall JC, Pavón NP, Cruz-Elizalde R. Allometric analysis of sexual dimorphism and morphological variation in two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from Mexico. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e94004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a widespread feature in the Animal Kingdom. In lizards of the Sceloporus grammicus complex, studies of sexual dimorphism that analyze the allometric trajectories of body traits remain unexplored. Here we investigate sexual dimorphism in key phenotypic traits, including body size (snout-vent length, SVL) as well as head length (HL), head width (HW), and forearm length (FL). We use an allometric approach to detect differences in scale relationships among body parts in the S. grammicus complex in Mexico. We focus on two chromosomal races within this complex, F5 (2n = 34) and FM2 (2n = 46). In the complex, we found that males are larger than females in all morphological variables, and this pattern was confirmed in both races. We determined negative allometric trajectories (SVLvs.HL and HW), isometry (SVLvs.FL) and intersexual differences in the slopes of the SVLvs.HL and HW; the males showed steeper slopes. Thus, the growth of the head is more pronounced in males than females. Additionally, we found between-race differences in these trajectories (SVLvs.FL) and in all morphological variables (F5 lizards are larger than those of the FM2 race), which correlate with their chromosomal divergence. We discuss biological implications of our findings in relation to sexual selection and natural selection.
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Belluardo F, Jesus Muñoz-Pajares A, Miralles A, Silvestro D, Cocca W, Mihaja Ratsoavina F, Villa A, Roberts SH, Mezzasalma M, Zizka A, Antonelli A, Crottini A. Slow and steady wins the race: Diversification rate is independent from body size and lifestyle in Malagasy skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Scincinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107635. [PMID: 36208694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most of the unique and diverse vertebrate fauna that inhabits Madagascar derives from in situ diversification from colonisers that reached this continental island through overseas dispersal. The endemic Malagasy Scincinae lizards are amongst the most species-rich squamate groups on the island. They colonised all bioclimatic zones and display many ecomorphological adaptations to a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle. Here we propose a new phylogenetic hypothesis for their diversification based on the largest taxon sampling so far compiled for this group. We estimated divergence times and investigated several aspects of their diversification (diversification rate, body size and fossorial lifestyle evolution, and biogeography). We found that diversification rate was constant throughout most of the evolutionary history of the group, but decreased over the last 6-4 million years and independently from body size and fossorial lifestyle evolution. Fossoriality has evolved from fully quadrupedal ancestors at least five times independently, which demonstrates that even complex morphological syndromes - in this case involving traits such as limb regression, body elongation, modification of cephalic scalation, depigmentation, and eyes and ear-opening regression - can evolve repeatedly and independently given enough time and eco-evolutionary advantages. Initial diversification of the group likely occurred in forests, and the divergence of sand-swimmer genera around 20 Ma appears linked to a period of aridification. Our results show that the large phenotypic variability of Malagasy Scincinae has not influenced diversification rate and that their rich species diversity results from a constant accumulation of lineages through time. By compiling large geographic and trait-related datasets together with the computation of a new time tree for the group, our study contributes important insights on the diversification of Malagasy vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Belluardo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - A Jesus Muñoz-Pajares
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Aurélien Miralles
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Walter Cocca
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fanomezana Mihaja Ratsoavina
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Domaine Sciences et Technologies, Université d'Antananarivo, B.P. 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Andrea Villa
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sam Hyde Roberts
- SEED Madagascar, Unit 7, Beethoven Street 1A, W10 4LG London, UK; Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, 0X3 0BP Oxford, UK; Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, PE23 4EX Spilsby, UK
| | - Marcello Mezzasalma
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE Richmond, UK; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Dufresnes C, Mahony S, Prasad VK, Kamei RG, Masroor R, Khan MA, Al-Johany AM, Gautam KB, Gupta SK, Borkin LJ, Melnikov DA, Rosanov JM, Skorinov DV, Borzée A, Jablonski D, Litvinchuk SN. Shedding light on taxonomic chaos: Diversity and distribution of South Asian skipper frogs (Anura, Dicroglossidae, Euphlyctis). SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephen Mahony
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Vishal Kumar Prasad
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, People’s Republic of China
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rachunliu G. Kamei
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
- 566 Kohima-Meriema Road (AH1), Meriema, Kohima, 797001, Nagaland, India
| | - Rafaqat Masroor
- Zoological Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muazzam Ali Khan
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan
| | - Awadh M. Al-Johany
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Leo J. Borkin
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Daniel A. Melnikov
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Juriy M. Rosanov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Skorinov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University, in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Spartak N. Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
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Caballero S, Martínez JG, Morales-Betancourt MA, Bolaños N, Lasso CA. Genomic analyses of the scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (Linnaeus, 1766) in insular and continental Colombia: Evidence for multiple conservation and taxonomic units. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.938040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The turtle genus Kinosternon is widespread with at least 25 species distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. The taxonomy of this genus is controversial and requires a full revision using both morphological and molecular approaches. In this study, we did a genomic analysis on the species Kinosternon scorpioides distributed in insular and continental Colombia in order to define conservation units. Total DNA was extracted from 24 tissue samples and RADseq genotyping analysis was done. In addition, the intron R35 was amplified and sequenced for a subset of samples. A total of 35,507 SNPs combined with 1,047 bp of the intron were used for spatiotemporal colonization pattern reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, SNPs were used for population structure inferences and allele frequency-based analyses. Reciprocal monophyly, significant differences in allele frequencies (Fst = 0.32 - 0.78), and evidence of reproductive isolation (no admixture/geneflow), indicate long-term divergence between groups (2-8 MYA), possibly due to geographical barriers. Four Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) were defined within our samples. One ESU was represented by the insular subspecies K. scorpioides albogulare, found on San Andrés island, and three ESUs were defined for the subspecies K. s. scorpioides in continental Colombia: one trans-Andean, found in northwestern Colombia (Caribbean region) and two cis-Andean, found in eastern and southeastern Colombia in the Orinoco and Amazon regions, respectively. Colonization of this species occurred from an ancestral area on South of Central America region (~ 8.43 MYA), followed by an establishing of current populations on San Andrés Island and then, in the continent. First, in the Colombian Caribbean, next, in the Orinoco, and more recently, in the Amazon. We hypothesize that the emergence of the Panamá Isthmus, as well as the final uplift of the North Eastern Andes and Vaupes Arch, were key event leading to the differentiation of these ESUs. For management and conservation purposes, each of these ESUs should be considered as a separate management unit. A full revision of the taxonomy of the genus Kinosternon is warranted.
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8
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Dufresnes C, Crochet PA. Sex chromosomes as supergenes of speciation: why amphibians defy the rules? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210202. [PMID: 35694748 PMCID: PMC9189495 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As reflected by the two rules of speciation (Haldane's rule and the large X-/Z-effect), sex chromosomes are expected to behave like supergenes of speciation: they recombine only in one sex (XX females or ZZ males), supposedly recruit sexually antagonistic genes and evolve faster than autosomes, which can all contribute to pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation. While this has been mainly studied in organisms with conserved sex-determining systems and highly differentiated (heteromorphic) sex chromosomes like mammals, birds and some insects, these expectations are less clear in organismal groups where sex chromosomes repeatedly change and remain mostly homomorphic, like amphibians. In this article, we review the proposed roles of sex-linked genes in isolating nascent lineages throughout the speciation continuum and discuss their support in amphibians given current knowledge of sex chromosome evolution and speciation modes. Given their frequent recombination and lack of differentiation, we argue that amphibian sex chromosomes are not expected to become supergenes of speciation, which is reflected by the rarity of empirical studies consistent with a 'large sex chromosome effect' in frogs and toads. The diversity of sex chromosome systems in amphibians has a high potential to disentangle the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the emergence of sex-linked speciation genes in other organisms. This article is part of the theme issue 'Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zozaya SM, Teasdale LC, Moritz C, Higgie M, Hoskin CJ. Composition of a chemical signalling trait varies with phylogeny and precipitation across an Australian lizard radiation. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:919-933. [PMID: 35665557 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The environment presents challenges to the transmission and detection of animal signalling systems, resulting in selective pressures that can drive signal divergence amongst populations in disparate environments. For chemical signals, climate is a potentially important selective force because factors such as temperature and moisture influence the persistence and detection of chemicals. We investigated an Australian lizard radiation (Heteronotia) to explore relationships between a sexually dimorphic chemical signalling trait (epidermal pore secretions) and two key climate variables: temperature and precipitation. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Heteronotia with exon capture phylogenomics, estimated phylogenetic signal in amongst-lineage chemical variation and assessed how chemical composition relates to temperature and precipitation using multivariate phylogenetic regressions. High estimates of phylogenetic signal indicate that the composition of epidermal pore secretions varies amongst lineages in a manner consistent with Brownian motion, although there are deviations to this, with stark divergences coinciding with two phylogenetic splits. Accounting for phylogenetic non-independence, we found that amongst-lineage chemical variation is associated with geographic variation in precipitation but not temperature. This contrasts somewhat with previous lizard studies, which have generally found an association between temperature and chemical composition. Our results suggest that geographic variation in precipitation can affect the evolution of chemical signalling traits, possibly influencing patterns of divergence amongst lineages and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Zozaya
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luisa C Teasdale
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Craig Moritz
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Megan Higgie
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Conrad J Hoskin
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Phylogeographic structure suggests environmental gradient speciation in a montane frog from the northern Andes of Colombia. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Population diversification in the frog Mantidactylus bellyi on an isolated massif in northern Madagascar based on genetic, morphological, bioacoustic and ecological evidence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263764. [PMID: 35358210 PMCID: PMC8970393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the processes that give rise to new species, changes first occur at the population level. But with the continuous nature of the divergence process, change in biological properties delimiting the shift from “individuals of divergent populations” towards “individuals of distinct species”, as well as abiotic factors driving the change, remain largely ambivalent. Here we study diversification processes at the population level in a semi-aquatic frog, Mantidactylus (Brygoomantis) bellyi, across the diverse vegetation types of Montagne d’Ambre National Park (MANP), Madagascar. Genetic diversity was assessed with seven newly developed microsatellite markers as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences and concordance with patterns of ecological, morphological, and bioacoustic divergence evaluated. We found M. bellyi lacking mitochondrial differentiation within MANP, while microsatellite datasets partitioned them into three highly differentiated, geographically separated subpopulations (with indications for up to five subpopulations). The molecular grouping–primarily clustering individuals by geographic proximity–was coincident with differences in mean depth and width of waters, suggesting a possible role of fluvial characteristics in genetic exchange in this stream-breeding species. Genetic clustering not consistent with differences in call properties, except for dominant call frequencies under the two-subpopulations model. Morphological divergence was mostly consistent with the genetic clustering; subpopulations strongly differed by their snout-vent length, with individuals from high-elevation subpopulations smaller than those from populations below 1000 m above sea level. These results exemplify how mountains and environmental conditions might primarily shape genetic and morphological divergence in frog populations, without strongly affecting their calls.
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12
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Meza‐Lázaro RN, Peña‐Carrillo KI, Poteaux C, Lorenzi MC, Wetterer JK, Zaldívar‐Riverón A. Genome and cuticular hydrocarbon-based species delimitation shed light on potential drivers of speciation in a Neotropical ant species complex. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8704. [PMID: 35342602 PMCID: PMC8928884 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic separation that leads to the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations generally is considered the most common form of speciation. However, speciation may also occur in the absence of geographic barriers due to phenotypic and genotypic factors such as chemical cue divergence, mating signal divergence, and mitonuclear conflict. Here, we performed an integrative study based on two genome-wide techniques (3RAD and ultraconserved elements) coupled with cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence data, to assess the species limits within the Ectatomma ruidum species complex, a widespread and conspicuous group of Neotropical ants for which heteroplasmy (i.e., presence of multiple mtDNA variants in an individual) has been recently discovered in some populations from southeast Mexico. Our analyses indicate the existence of at least five distinct species in this complex: two widely distributed across the Neotropics, and three that are restricted to southeast Mexico and that apparently have high levels of heteroplasmy. We found that species boundaries in the complex did not coincide with geographic barriers. We therefore consider possible roles of alternative drivers that may have promoted the observed patterns of speciation, including mitonuclear incompatibility, CHC differentiation, and colony structure. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously assessing different sources of evidence to disentangle the species limits of taxa with complicated evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi N. Meza‐Lázaro
- Colección Nacional de InsectosInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Kenzy I. Peña‐Carrillo
- Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et ComparéeUR 4443LEECUniversité Sorbonne Paris NordClémentFrance
- INIFAPCampo Experimental General TeránGeneral TeránMexico
| | - Chantal Poteaux
- Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et ComparéeUR 4443LEECUniversité Sorbonne Paris NordClémentFrance
| | - Maria Cristina Lorenzi
- Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et ComparéeUR 4443LEECUniversité Sorbonne Paris NordClémentFrance
| | - James K. Wetterer
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors CollegeFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Alejandro Zaldívar‐Riverón
- Colección Nacional de InsectosInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
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13
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Kitchener AC, Hoffmann M, Yamaguchi N, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Wilting A. A system for designating taxonomic certainty in mammals and other taxa. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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14
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15
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Nunes LA, Raxworthy CJ, Pearson RG. Evidence for ecological processes driving speciation among endemic lizards of Madagascar. Evolution 2021; 76:58-69. [PMID: 34862965 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although genetic patterns produced by population isolation during speciation are well documented, the biogeographic and ecological processes that trigger speciation remain poorly understood. Alternative hypotheses for the biogeography and ecology of speciation include geographic isolation combined with niche conservation (soft allopatry) or parapatric distribution on an environmental gradient with niche divergence (ecological speciation). Here, we use species' distributions, environmental data, and two null models (the Random Translation and Rotation and the Background Similarity Test) to test these alternative hypotheses among 28 sister pairs of microendemic lizards in Madagascar. Our results demonstrate strong bimodal peaks along a niche divergence-conservation spectrum, with at least 25 out of 28 sister pairs exhibiting either niche conservation or divergence, and the remaining pairs showing weak ecological signals. Yet despite these significant results, we do not find strong associations of niche conservation with allopatric distributions or niche divergence with parapatric distributions. Our findings thus provide strong evidence of a role for ecological processes driving speciation, rather than the classic expectation of speciation through geographic isolation, but demonstrate that the link between ecological speciation and parapatry is complex and requires further analysis of a broader taxonomic sample to fully resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Nunes
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Christopher J Raxworthy
- Department of Herpetology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024
| | - Richard G Pearson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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16
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Burbrink FT, Bernstein JM, Kuhn A, Gehara M, Ruane S. Ecological Divergence and the History of Gene Flow in the Nearctic Milksnakes (Lampropeltis triangulum Complex). Syst Biol 2021; 71:839-858. [PMID: 35043210 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many phylogeographic studies on species with large ranges have found genetic-geographic structure associated with changes in habitat and physical barriers preventing or reducing gene flow. These interactions with geographic space, contemporary and historical climate, and biogeographic barriers have complex effects on contemporary population genetic structure and processes of speciation. While allopatric speciation at biogeographic barriers is considered the primary mechanism for generating species, more recently it has been shown that parapatric modes of divergence may be equally or even more common. With genomic data and better modeling capabilities, we can more clearly define causes of speciation in relation to biogeography and migration between lineages, the location of hybrid zones with respect to the ecology of parental lineages, and differential introgression of genes between taxa. Here, we examine the origins of three Nearctic milksnakes (Lampropeltis elapsoides, Lampropeltis triangulum and Lampropeltis gentilis) using genome-scale data to better understand species diversification. Results from artificial neural networks show that a mix of a strong biogeographic barrier, environmental changes, and physical space has affected genetic structure in these taxa. These results underscore conspicuous environmental changes that occur as the sister taxa L. triangulum and L. gentilis diverged near the Great Plains into the forested regions of the Eastern Nearctic. This area has been recognized as a region for turnover for many vertebrate species, but as we show here the contemporary boundary does not isolate these sister species. These two species likely formed in the mid-Pleistocene and have remained partially reproductively isolated over much of this time, showing differential introgression of loci. We also demonstrate that when L. triangulum and L. gentilis are each in contact with the much older L. elapsoides, some limited gene flow has occurred. Given the strong agreement between nuclear and mtDNA genomes, along with estimates of ecological niche, we suggest that all three lineages should continue to be recognized as unique species. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the importance of considering complex modes of divergence and differential allelic introgression over a complex landscape when testing mechanisms of speciation. [Cline; delimitation; Eastern Nearctic; Great Plains; hybrids; introgression; speciation.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Justin M Bernstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Arianna Kuhn
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Marcelo Gehara
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Sara Ruane
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.,Amphibian and Reptile Collection, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
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17
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Palasuberniam P, Tan KY, Tan CH. De novo venom gland transcriptomics of Calliophis bivirgata flaviceps: uncovering the complexity of toxins from the Malayan blue coral snake. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20210024. [PMID: 34616441 PMCID: PMC8476087 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Malayan blue coral snake, Calliophis bivirgata
flaviceps, is a medically important venomous snake in Southeast
Asia. However, the complexity and diversity of its venom genes remain little
explored. Methods: To address this, we applied high-throughput next-generation sequencing to
profile the venom gland cDNA libraries of C. bivirgata
flaviceps. The transcriptome was de novo
assembled, followed by gene annotation, multiple sequence alignment and
analyses of the transcripts. Results: A total of 74 non-redundant toxin-encoding genes from 16 protein families
were identified, with 31 full-length toxin transcripts. Three-finger toxins
(3FTx), primarily delta-neurotoxins and cardiotoxin-like/cytotoxin-like
proteins, were the most diverse and abundantly expressed. The major 3FTx
(Cb_FTX01 and Cb_FTX02) are highly similar to calliotoxin, a
delta-neurotoxin previously reported in the venom of C.
bivirgata. This study also revealed a conserved tyrosine
residue at position 4 of the cardiotoxin-like/cytotoxin-like protein genes
in the species. These variants, proposed as Y-type CTX-like proteins, are
similar to the H-type CTX from cobras. The substitution is conservative
though, preserving a less toxic form of elapid CTX-like protein, as
indicated by the lack of venom cytotoxicity in previous laboratory and
clinical findings. The ecological role of these toxins, however, remains
unclear. The study also uncovered unique transcripts that belong to
phospholipase A2 of Groups IA and IB, and snake venom
metalloproteinases of PIII subclass, which show sequence variations from
those of Asiatic elapids. Conclusion: The venom gland transcriptome of C. bivirgata flaviceps from
Malaysia was de novo assembled and annotated. The diversity
and expression profile of toxin genes provide insights into the biological
and medical importance of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneetha Palasuberniam
- Venom Research and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Protein and Interactomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choo Hock Tan
- Venom Research and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Burbrink FT, Ruane S. Contemporary Philosophy and Methods for Studying Speciation and Delimiting Species. ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1643/h2020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024; . Send reprint requests to this address
| | - Sara Ruane
- Earth and Environmental Sciences: Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University–Newark, 195 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Mass of genes rather than master genes underlie the genomic architecture of amphibian speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103963118. [PMID: 34465621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103963118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of speciation, i.e., how intrinsic genomic incompatibilities promote reproductive isolation (RI) between diverging lineages, is one of the best-kept secrets of evolution. To directly assess whether incompatibilities arise in a limited set of large-effect speciation genes, or in a multitude of loci, we examined the geographic and genomic landscapes of introgression across the hybrid zones of 41 pairs of frog and toad lineages in the Western Palearctic region. As the divergence between lineages increases, phylogeographic transitions progressively become narrower, and larger parts of the genome resist introgression. This suggests that anuran speciation proceeds through a gradual accumulation of multiple barrier loci scattered across the genome, which ultimately deplete hybrid fitness by intrinsic postzygotic isolation, with behavioral isolation being achieved only at later stages. Moreover, these loci were disproportionately sex linked in one group (Hyla) but not in others (Rana and Bufotes), implying that large X-effects are not necessarily a rule of speciation with undifferentiated sex chromosomes. The highly polygenic nature of RI and the lack of hemizygous X/Z chromosomes could explain why the speciation clock ticks slower in amphibians compared to other vertebrates. The clock-like dynamics of speciation combined with the analytical focus on hybrid zones offer perspectives for more standardized practices of species delimitation.
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20
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Venegas PJ, Chávez G, García-Ayachi LA, Duran V, Torres-Carvajal O. A new species of wood lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from the Río Huallaga Basin in Central Peru. EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.69227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a new species of Enyalioides from the premontane forest of the Río Huallaga basin in central Peru. The most similar and phylogenetically related species are E. binzayedi and E. rudolfarndti. However, the new species differs from E. binzayedi (state of character in parentheses) by having dorsal scales strongly keeled on paravertebral region and feebly keeled or smooth elsewhere (prominent medial keel on each dorsal scale), more dorsals in transverse row between dorsolateral crests at midbody 26–39, x̄ = 30.44 (22–31, x̄ = 27.57), and a conspicuous posteromedial black patch in the gular region of males (absent). Contrarily, adult males of the new species and E. rudolfarndti are readily distinguished by having a conspicuous posteromedial black patch in the gular region, absent in E. rudolfarndti, and by lacking a conspicuous orange blotch (faint if present) on the antehumeral region, as in E. rudolfarndti. We also present an updated molecular phylogenetic tree of hoplocercines, which strongly supports both referral of the newly discovered species to Enyalioides and its status as distinct from those recognized previously.
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21
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Herrando-Pérez S, Belliure J, Ferri-Yáñez F, van den Burg MP, Beukema W, Araújo MB, Terblanche JS, Vieites DR. Water deprivation drives intraspecific variability in lizard heat tolerance. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Heterogeneous relationships between rates of speciation and body size evolution across vertebrate clades. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:101-110. [PMID: 33106601 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several theories predict that rates of phenotypic evolution should be related to the rate at which new lineages arise. However, drawing general conclusions regarding the coupling between these fundamental evolutionary rates has been difficult due to the inconsistent nature of previous results combined with uncertainty over the most appropriate methodology with which to investigate such relationships. Here we propose and compare the performance of several different approaches for testing associations between lineage-specific rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution using phylogenetic data. We then use the best-performing method to test relationships between rates of speciation and body size evolution in five major vertebrate clades (amphibians, birds, mammals, ray-finned fish and squamate reptiles) at two phylogenetic scales. Our results provide support for the long-standing view that rates of speciation and morphological evolution are generally positively related at broad macroevolutionary scales, but they also reveal a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the strength and direction of these associations at finer scales across the vertebrate tree of life.
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23
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Chávez G, García Ayachi LA, Catenazzi A. A new species of frog (Terrarana, Strabomantidae, Phrynopus) from the Peruvian Andean grasslands. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9433. [PMID: 32612895 PMCID: PMC7320723 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new, medium-sized species of terrestrial frog of the genus Phrynopus from a single locality in the central Andes of Peru (Departamento de Huánuco) at 3,730 meters of elevation. Phylogenetic analyses supported Phrynopus remotum sp. nov. as an independent lineage, sister to most of its congeners. The new species is morphologically distinguishable by the presence of small tubercles on upper eyelids and heels, an areolate venter, and the absence of dorsolateral folds or ridges. This species inhabits the highlands adjacent to the Marañón Dry valley. The only sympatric amphibian species recorded is the marsupial frog Gastrotheca peruana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Chávez
- División de Herpetología, CORBIDI, Lima, Perú
- Instituto Peruano de Herpetología, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Alessandro Catenazzi
- División de Herpetología, CORBIDI, Lima, Perú
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Instituto Peruano de Herpetología, Lima, Perú
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24
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Dufresnes C, Pribille M, Alard B, Gonçalves H, Amat F, Crochet PA, Dubey S, Perrin N, Fumagalli L, Vences M, Martínez-Solano I. Integrating hybrid zone analyses in species delimitation: lessons from two anuran radiations of the Western Mediterranean. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:423-438. [PMID: 31959977 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular ecologists often rely on phylogenetic evidence for assessing the species-level systematics of newly discovered lineages. Alternatively, the extent of introgression at phylogeographic transitions can provide a more direct test to assign candidate taxa into subspecies or species categories. Here, we compared phylogenetic versus hybrid zone approaches of species delimitation in two groups of frogs from the Western Mediterranean region (Discoglossus and Pelodytes), by using genomic data (ddRAD). In both genera, coalescent analyses recovered almost all nominal taxa as "species". However, the least-diverged pairs D. g. galganoi/jeanneae and P. punctatus/hespericus admix over hundreds of kilometers, suggesting that they have not yet developed strong reproductive isolation and should be treated as conspecifics. In contrast, the comparatively older D. scovazzi/pictus and P. atlanticus/ibericus form narrow contact zones, consistent with species distinctiveness. Due to their complementarity, we recommend taxonomists to combine phylogenomics with hybrid zone analyses to scale the gray zone of speciation, i.e., the evolutionary window separating widely admixing lineages versus nascent reproductively isolated species. The radically different transitions documented here conform to the view that genetic incompatibilities accumulating with divergence generate a weak barrier to gene flow for long periods of time, until their effects multiply and the speciation process then advances rapidly. Given the variability of the gray zone among taxonomic groups, at least from our current abilities to measure it, we recommend to customize divergence thresholds within radiations to categorize lineages for which no direct test of speciation is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. .,Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Hintermann & Weber, Montreux, Switzerland.
| | - Manon Pribille
- Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bérénice Alard
- CIBIO-InBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Helena Gonçalves
- CIBIO-InBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Museu de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fèlix Amat
- Àrea d'Herpetologia, Museu de Granollers-Ciències Naturals, Francesc Macià 51, 08400, Granollers, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Dubey
- Hintermann & Weber, Montreux, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,AgroSustain SA, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Diversification and Evolutionary Histories of Patagonian Steppe Lizards. NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES OF PATAGONIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42752-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Urgiles VL, Cedeño-Palacios J, Abad-Peñafiel H, Guayasamin JM. Una fantástica nueva especie del grupo Pristimantis orcesi de los Andes sur de Ecuador. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2020.1869449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sánchez-Nivicela
- Grupo de Evolución y Ecología de Fauna Neotropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia UNAL, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre y Museo de Zoología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- División de Herpetología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador INABIO, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica L. Urgiles
- División de Herpetología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador INABIO, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera-USFQ, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Quito, Ecuador
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