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Tao J, Zuo J, Watkins CB, Bai C, He X, Liu S, Han L, Zhao X, Liu Y, Li J, Zheng Y. Low storage temperature affects quality and volatile compounds in fresh tomatoes. Food Chem 2024; 460:140400. [PMID: 39033633 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of low temperature on the quality and flavor of ripe red tomatoes, we analyzed transcriptomes and volatile metabolomes of ripe red fruits stored at 0 °C and 20 °C for 8 days. The results showed that 0 °C maintained the sugar content by increasing the expression of sucrose synthetase (SUS) and sucrose transporter (SUT). Low expression of aroma synthesis-related genes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), amino acid decarboxylase 1 A (AADC1A), and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2), were associated with reduced levels of pentanal, hexanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, and 2-phenylethanol. Additionally, the expression of pectinesterase (PE), beta-galactosidase (β-GAL), and beta-glucosidase (β-Glu), as well as phytoene synthase1 (PSY1) involved in carotenoid synthesis, was inhibited, thereby maintaining fruits texture and color. Furthermore, storage at 0 °C induced the expression of numerous genes regulating antioxidant and heat shock proteins, which further preserved the postharvest quality of tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Tao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Christopher B Watkins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuelian He
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lichun Han
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
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Bao X, Dong J, Niu M, Wang Z, Xu G. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of Aroma Differences between Chardonnay and a Chardonnay Bud Sport. Molecules 2024; 29:3671. [PMID: 39125074 PMCID: PMC11314234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chardonnay is one of the most popular white grape wine varieties in the world, but this wine lacks typical aroma, considered a sensory defect. Our research group identified a Chardonnay bud sport with typical muscat characteristics. The goal of this work was to discover the key candidate genes related to muscat characteristics in this Chardonnay bud sport to reveal the mechanism of muscat formation and guide molecular design breeding. To this end, HS-SPME-GC-MS and RNA-Seq were used to analyze volatile organic compounds and the differentially expressed genes in Chardonnay and its aromatic bud sport. Forty-nine volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers, which included mainly aldehydes and terpenes. Geraniol, linalool, and phenylacetaldehyde were identified as the main aroma components of the mutant. The GO, KEGG, GSEA, and correlation analysis revealed HMGR, TPS1, TPS2, TPS5, novel.939, and CYP450 as key genes for terpene synthesis. MAO1 and MAO2 were significantly downregulated, but there was an increased content of phenylacetaldehyde. These key candidate genes provide a reference for the development of functional markers for muscat varieties and also provide insight into the formation mechanism of muscat aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Bao
- College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Jin Dong
- College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Min Niu
- College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Zhilei Wang
- College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Grape and Wine Engineering Technology Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Guoqian Xu
- College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (X.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Grape and Wine Engineering Technology Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Guan S, Liu C, Yao Z, Wan H, Ruan M, Wang R, Ye Q, Li Z, Zhou G, Cheng Y. Detection and Analysis of VOCs in Cherry Tomato Based on GC-MS and GC×GC-TOF MS Techniques. Foods 2024; 13:1279. [PMID: 38672951 PMCID: PMC11048788 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a significant role in influencing the flavor quality of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The scarcity of systematic analysis of VOCs in cherry tomatoes can be attributed to the constraints imposed by detection technology and other contributing factors. In this study, the cherry tomato cultivar var. 'Zheyingfen1' was chosen due to its abundant fruit flavor. Two detection technology platforms, namely the commonly employed headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and the most advanced headspace solid-phase microextraction-full two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS), were employed in the analysis. The VOCs of cherry tomato cultivar var. 'Zheyingfen1' fruits at red ripening stage were detected. A combined total of 1544 VOCs were detected using the two aforementioned techniques. Specifically, 663 VOCs were identified by through the HS-SPME-GC-MS method, 1026 VOCs were identified by through the HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS, and 145 VOCs were identified by both techniques. The identification of β-ionone and (E)-2-nonenal as the principal VOCs was substantiated through the application of the relative odor activity value (rOAV) calculation and subsequent analysis. Based on the varying contribution rates of rOAV, the analysis of sensory flavor characteristics revealed that cherry tomato cultivar var. 'Zheyingfen1' predominantly exhibited green and fatty attributes, accompanied by elements of fresh and floral flavor characteristics. In conclusion, our study conducted a comprehensive comparison of the disparities between these two methodologies in detecting VOCs in cherry tomato fruits. Additionally, we systematically analyzed the VOC composition and sensory flavor attributes of the cherry tomato cultivar var. 'Zheyingfen1'. This research serves as a significant point of reference for investigating the regulatory mechanisms underlying the development of volatile flavor quality in cherry tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Guan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Zhuping Yao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hongjian Wan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Meiying Ruan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Qingjing Ye
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Zhimiao Li
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.G.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.); (M.R.); (R.W.); (Q.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.Z.)
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Li X, Yang J, Shi S, Lan H, Zhao W, Hung W, He J, Wang R. The Genome of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis YLGB-1496 Provides Insights into Its Carbohydrate Utilization and Genetic Stability. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:466. [PMID: 38674400 PMCID: PMC11154571 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis YLGB-1496 (YLGB-1496) is a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk. The application of YLGB-1496 is influenced by carbohydrate utilization and genetic stability. This study used genome sequencing and morphology during continuous subculture to determine the carbohydrate utilization characteristics and genetic stability of YLGB-1496. The complete genome sequence of YLGB-1496 consists of 2,758,242 base pairs, 2442 coding sequences, and a GC content of 59.87%. A comparison of carbohydrate transport and metabolism genes of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) showed that YLGB-1496 was rich in glycosyl hydrolase 13, 20, 25, and 109 gene families. During continuous subculture, the growth characteristics and fermentation activity of the strain were highly stable. The bacterial cell surface and edges of the 1000th-generation strains were progressively smoother and well-defined, with no perforations or breaks in the cell wall. There were 20 SNP loci at the 1000th generation, fulfilling the requirement of belonging to the same strain. The presence of genes associated with cell adhesion and the absence of resistance genes supported the probiotic characteristics of the strain. The data obtained in this study provide insights into broad-spectrum carbohydrate utilization, genomic stability, and probiotic properties of YLGB-1496, which provide theoretical support to promote the use of YLGB-1496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China; (X.L.); (J.Y.); (S.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China; (X.L.); (J.Y.); (S.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shaoqi Shi
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China; (X.L.); (J.Y.); (S.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Hanglian Lan
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China; (H.L.); (W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Wen Zhao
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China; (X.L.); (J.Y.); (S.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weilian Hung
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China; (H.L.); (W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China; (H.L.); (W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China; (X.L.); (J.Y.); (S.S.); (W.Z.)
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Marie L, Breitler JC, Bamogo PKA, Bordeaux M, Lacombe S, Rios M, Lebrun M, Boulanger R, Lefort E, Nakamura S, Motoyoshi Y, Mieulet D, Campa C, Legendre L, Bertrand B. Combined sensory, volatilome and transcriptome analyses identify a limonene terpene synthase as a major contributor to the characteristic aroma of a Coffea arabica L. specialty coffee. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38566027 PMCID: PMC10988958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruity aromatic bouquet of coffee has attracted recent interest to differentiate high value market produce as specialty coffee. Although the volatile compounds present in green and roasted coffee beans have been extensively described, no study has yet linked varietal molecular differences to the greater abundance of specific substances and support the aroma specificity of specialty coffees. RESULTS This study compared four Arabica genotypes including one, Geisha Especial, suggested to generate specialty coffee. Formal sensory evaluations of coffee beverages stressed the importance of coffee genotype in aroma perception and that Geisha Especial-made coffee stood out by having fine fruity, and floral, aromas and a more balanced acidity. Comparative SPME-GC-MS analyses of green and roasted bean volatile compounds indicated that those of Geisha Especial differed by having greater amounts of limonene and 3-methylbutanoic acid in agreement with the coffee cup aroma perception. A search for gene ontology differences of ripening beans transcriptomes of the four varieties revealed that they differed by metabolic processes linked to terpene biosynthesis due to the greater gene expression of prenyl-pyrophosphate biosynthetic genes and terpene synthases. Only one terpene synthase (CaTPS10-like) had an expression pattern that paralleled limonene loss during the final stage of berry ripening and limonene content in the studied four varieties beans. Its functional expression in tobacco leaves confirmed its functioning as a limonene synthase. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that coffee variety genotypic specificities may influence ripe berry chemotype and final coffee aroma unicity. For the specialty coffee variety Geisha Especial, greater expression of terpene biosynthetic genes including CaTPS10-like, a limonene synthase, resulted in the greater abundance of limonene in green beans, roasted beans and a unique citrus note of the coffee drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lison Marie
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR DIADE, Montpellier, F-34398, France.
- DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Breitler
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR DIADE, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Pingdwende Kader Aziz Bamogo
- PHIM (Plant Health Institute of Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | | | - Séverine Lacombe
- PHIM (Plant Health Institute of Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Maëlle Rios
- PHIM (Plant Health Institute of Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Marc Lebrun
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- QualiSud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of La Réunion, University of Avignon, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Renaud Boulanger
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- QualiSud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of La Réunion, University of Avignon, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Eveline Lefort
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR DIADE, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Sunao Nakamura
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1, Seika-dai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yudai Motoyoshi
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1, Seika-dai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Delphine Mieulet
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR DIADE, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Claudine Campa
- DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Laurent Legendre
- INRAE, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Site Agroparc, Avignon, 84914, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement), UMR DIADE, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
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Liu Z, Huang D, Yao Y, Pan X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Ding Z, Wang C, Liao W. The Crucial Role of SlGSNOR in Regulating Postharvest Tomato Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2729. [PMID: 38473974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a well-known regulator in controlling protein S-nitrosylation modification and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Here, a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 and SlGSNOR silencing were applied to investigate the roles of SlGSNOR in tomato fruit postharvest ripening. We found that the application of N6022 and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, a NO donor), and SlGSNOR silencing delayed the transition of fruit skin color by improving total chlorophyll level by 88.57%, 44.78%, and 91.03%, respectively. Meanwhile, total carotenoid and lycopene contents were reduced by these treatments. Concurrently, the activity of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes and the expression of related genes were upregulated, and the transcript abundances of total carotenoid bioproduction genes were downregulated, by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing. In addition, fruit softening was postponed by N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing, through delaying the decrease of firmness and declining cell wall composition; structure-related enzyme activity; and gene expression levels. Furthermore, N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing enhanced the accumulation of titratable acid; ascorbic acid; total phenol; and total flavonoid, but repressed the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein accompanied with the expression pattern changes of nutrition-related genes. In addition, the endogenous NO contents were elevated by 197.55%; 404.59%; and 713.46%, and the endogenous SNOs contents were enhanced by 74.65%; 93.49%; and 94.85%; by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that SlGSNOR positively promotes tomato postharvest fruit ripening, which may be largely on account of its negative roles in the endogenous NO level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dengjing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yandong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuejuan Pan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiqi Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Nothnagel T, Ulrich D, Dunemann F, Budahn H. Sensory Perception and Consumer Acceptance of Carrot Cultivars Are Influenced by Their Metabolic Profiles for Volatile and Non-Volatile Organic Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:4389. [PMID: 38137193 PMCID: PMC10742604 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory parameters as well as the volatile and non-volatile compound profiles of sixteen carrot cultivars were recorded to obtain insight into consumer preference decisions. The sensory test was carried out with a consumer panel of 88 untrained testers allowing a clear acceptance-based differentiation of the cultivars. Five individual sensory characters (sweetness, overall aroma, bitterness, astringency and off-flavor) supported this discrimination. Chemical analyses of volatile organic compounds, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids and sugars enabled us to correlate the influence of these ingredients on sensory perception. Higher concentrations of α-pinene, hexanal, styrene and acetophenone correlated with a better acceptance, as well as sweetness and overall aroma perception. In contrast, a low acceptance as well as a stronger perception of bitterness, astringency and off-flavor correlated with enhanced concentrations of camphene, bornylacetate, borneol, myristicine, falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate, laserin and epilaserin. The present study should support the development of new breeding strategies for carrot cultivars that better satisfy consumer demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nothnagel
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (T.N.)
| | - Detlef Ulrich
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Dunemann
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (T.N.)
| | - Holger Budahn
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (T.N.)
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Xu L, Zang E, Sun S, Li M. Main flavor compounds and molecular regulation mechanisms in fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11859-11879. [PMID: 35816297 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are an indispensable part of a healthy diet. The volatile and nonvolatile compounds present in F&V constitute unique flavor substances. This paper reviews the main flavor substances present in F&V, as well as the biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulation mechanisms of these compounds. A series of compounds introduced include aromatic substances, soluble sugars and organic acids, which constitute the key flavor substances of F&V. Esters, phenols, alcohols, amino acids and terpenes are the main volatile aromatic substances, and nonvolatile substances are represented by amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates; The combination of these ingredients is the cause of the sour, sweet, bitter, astringent and spicy taste of these foods. This provides a theoretical basis for the study of the interaction between volatile and nonvolatile substances in F&V, and also provides a research direction for the healthy development of food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Shuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, China
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9
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Pons C, Casals J, Brower M, Sacco A, Riccini A, Hendrickx P, Figás MDR, Fisher J, Grandillo S, Mazzucato A, Soler S, Zamir D, Causse M, Díez MJ, Finkers R, Prohens J, Monforte AJ, Granell A. Diversity and genetic architecture of agro-morphological traits in a core collection of European traditional tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5896-5916. [PMID: 37527560 PMCID: PMC10540738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
European traditional tomato varieties have been selected by farmers given their consistent performance and adaptation to local growing conditions. Here we developed a multipurpose core collection, comprising 226 accessions representative of the genotypic, phenotypic, and geographical diversity present in European traditional tomatoes, to investigate the basis of their phenotypic variation, gene×environment interactions, and stability for 33 agro-morphological traits. Comparison of the traditional varieties with a modern reference panel revealed that some traditional varieties displayed excellent agronomic performance and high trait stability, as good as or better than that of their modern counterparts. We conducted genome-wide association and genome-wide environment interaction studies and detected 141 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Out of those, 47 QTLs were associated with the phenotype mean (meanQTLs), 41 with stability (stbQTLs), and 53 QTL-by-environment interactions (QTIs). Most QTLs displayed additive gene actions, with the exception of stbQTLs, which were mostly recessive and overdominant QTLs. Both common and specific loci controlled the phenotype mean and stability variation in traditional tomato; however, a larger proportion of specific QTLs was observed, indicating that the stability gene regulatory model is the predominant one. Developmental genes tended to map close to meanQTLs, while genes involved in stress response, hormone metabolism, and signalling were found within regions affecting stability. A total of 137 marker-trait associations for phenotypic means and stability were novel, and therefore our study enhances the understanding of the genetic basis of valuable agronomic traits and opens up a new avenue for an exploitation of the allelic diversity available within European traditional tomato germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pons
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Joan Casals
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology/Miquel Agustí Foundation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Baix Llobregat, Esteve Terrades 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Matthijs Brower
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Sacco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riccini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Patrick Hendrickx
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria del Rosario Figás
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Josef Fisher
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzucato
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Dani Zamir
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mathilde Causse
- INRAE, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes 67 Allée des Chênes, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | - Maria José Díez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Richard Finkers
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Jose Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
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10
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Mellidou I, Koukounaras A, Frusciante S, Rambla JL, Patelou E, Ntoanidou S, Pons C, Kostas S, Nikoloudis K, Granell A, Diretto G, Kanellis AK. A metabolome and transcriptome survey to tap the dynamics of fruit prolonged shelf-life and improved quality within Greek tomato germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1267340. [PMID: 37818313 PMCID: PMC10560995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1267340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tomato is a high economic value crop worldwide with recognized nutritional properties and diverse postharvest potential. Nowadays, there is an emerging awareness about the exploitation and utilization of underutilized traditional germplasm in modern breeding programs. In this context, the existing diversity among Greek accessions in terms of their postharvest life and nutritional value remains largely unexplored. Methods Herein, a detailed evaluation of 130 tomato Greek accessions for postharvest and nutritional characteristics was performed, using metabolomics and transcriptomics, leading to the selection of accessions with these interesting traits. Results The results showed remarkable differences among tomato Greek accessions for overall ripening parameters (color, firmness) and weight loss. On the basis of their postharvest performance, a balance between short shelf life (SSL) and long shelf life (LSL) accessions was revealed. Metabolome analysis performed on 14 selected accessions with contrasting shelf-life potential identified a total of 206 phytonutrients and volatile compounds. In turn, transcriptome analysis in fruits from the best SSL and the best LSL accessions revealed remarkable differences in the expression profiles of transcripts involved in key metabolic pathways related to fruit quality and postharvest potential. Discussion The pathways towards cell wall synthesis, polyamine synthesis, ABA catabolism, and steroidal alkaloids synthesis were mostly induced in the LSL accession, whereas those related to ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, isoprenoids, phenylpropanoids, ascorbic acid and aroma (TomloxC) were stimulated in the SSL accession. Overall, these data would provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism towards enhancing shelf-life and improving flavor and aroma of modern tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - José L. Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Symela Ntoanidou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Clara Pons
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Barnett JR, Tieman DM, Caicedo AL. Variation in ripe fruit volatiles across the tomato clade: An evolutionary framework for studying fruit scent diversity in a crop wild relative. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16223. [PMID: 37551422 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The scents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important component of ripe fleshy fruit attractiveness, yet their variation across closely related wild species is poorly understood. Phylogenetic patterns in these compounds and their biosynthetic pathways offer insight into the evolutionary drivers of fruit diversity, including whether scent can communicate an honest signal of nutrient content to animal dispersers. We assessed ripe fruit VOC content across the tomato clade (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon), with implications for crop improvement since these compounds are key components of tomato flavor. METHODS We analyzed ripe fruit volatiles from 13 species of wild tomato grown in a common garden. Interspecific variations in 66 compounds and their biosynthetic pathways were assessed in 32 accessions, and an accession-level phylogeny was constructed to account for relatedness. RESULTS Wild tomato species can be differentiated by their VOCs, with Solanum pennellii notably distinct. Phylogenetic conservatism exists to a limited extent. Major cladewide patterns corresponded to divergence of the five brightly colored-fruited species from the nine green-fruited species, particularly for nitrogen-containing compounds (higher in colored-fruited) and esters (higher in green-fruited), the latter appearing to signal a sugar reward. CONCLUSIONS We established a framework for fruit scent evolution studies in a crop wild relative system, showing that each species in the tomato clade has a unique VOC profile. Differences between color groups align with fruit syndromes that could be driven by selection from frugivores. The evolution of colored fruits was accompanied by changes in biosynthetic pathways for esters and nitrogen-containing compounds, volatiles important to tomato flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Barnett
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Denise M Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ana L Caicedo
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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12
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Zhang J, Liu S, Zhu X, Chang Y, Wang C, Ma N, Wang J, Zhang X, Lyu J, Xie J. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Tomato Fruit Quality and Identification of Volatile Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2947. [PMID: 37631159 PMCID: PMC10457953 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) are the most valuable vegetable crop in the world. This study identified the morphological characteristics, vitamin content, etc., from 15 tomato varieties in total, that included five each from the three experimental types, during the commercial ripening period. The results showed that the hardness with peel and the moisture content of tasty tomatoes were 157.81% and 54.50%, and 3.16% and 1.90% lower than those of regular tomatoes and cherry tomatoes, respectively, while the soluble solids were 60.25% and 20.79% higher than those of the latter two types. In addition, the contents of vitamin C, lycopene, fructose, glucose, and total organic acids of tasty tomatoes were higher than those of regular tomatoes and cherry tomatoes. A total of 110 volatile compounds were detected in the 15 tomato varieties. The average volatile compound content of tasty tomatoes was 57.94% higher than that of regular tomatoes and 15.24% higher than that of cherry tomatoes. Twenty of the 34 characteristic tomato aroma components were identified in tasty tomatoes, with fruity and green being the main odor types. Ten characteristic aroma components in regular tomatoes were similar to those of tasty tomatoes; ten types of cherry tomatoes had floral and woody aromas as the main odor types. The flavor sensory score was significantly positively correlated with the content of soluble solids, fructose, glucose, citric acid, fumaric acid, and β-ionone (p < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with water content and firmness without peel. Regular, tasty, and cherry tomatoes were separated using principal component analysis, and the quality of tasty tomatoes was found to be better than cherry tomatoes, followed by regular tomatoes. These results provide valuable information for a comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality among tomato varieties to develop consumer guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Sitian Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiumei Zhu
- Gansu Inspection and Testing Center for Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Youlin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Junwen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Anning District, Yingmeng Village, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (N.M.); (J.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
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13
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Qiu Y, Li Y, Wu L, Wei H, Fu J, Chen W, Lin S, Yang S, Zhang R, Shang W, Liao C, Zeng S, Luo Y, Cai W. Analysis of Important Volatile Organic Compounds and Genes Produced by Aroma of Pepper Fruit by HS-SPME-GC/MS and RNA Sequencing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2246. [PMID: 37375872 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pepper is an important condiment, and its aroma affects its commercial value. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and combined headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes and volatile organic compounds in spicy and non-spicy pepper fruits. Compared with non-spicy fruits, there were 27 up-regulated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 3353 up-regulated genes (Up-DEGs) in spicy fruits. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis of the Up-DEGs combined with differential VOCs analysis showed that fatty acid biosynthesis and terpenoid biosynthesis may be the main metabolic pathways for aroma differences between non-spicy and spicy pepper fruits. The expression levels of the fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes FAD, LOX1, LOX5, HPL, and ADH and the key terpene synthesis gene TPS in spicy pepper fruits were significantly higher than those in non-spicy pepper fruits. The differential expression of these genes may be the reason for the different aroma. The results can provide reference for the development and utilization of high-aroma pepper germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Qiu
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Shuting Lin
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Chengshu Liao
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Shaogui Zeng
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, China
- College of Horticultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 350002, China
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14
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Sapkota M, Pereira L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Topcu Y, Tieman D, van der Knaap E. Structural variation underlies functional diversity at methyl salicylate loci in tomato. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010751. [PMID: 37141297 PMCID: PMC10187894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl salicylate is an important inter- and intra-plant signaling molecule, but is deemed undesirable by humans when it accumulates to high levels in ripe fruits. Balancing the tradeoff between consumer satisfaction and overall plant health is challenging as the mechanisms regulating volatile levels have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of methyl salicylate in ripe fruits of tomatoes that belong to the red-fruited clade. We determine the genetic diversity and the interaction of four known loci controlling methyl salicylate levels in ripe fruits. In addition to Non-Smoky Glucosyl Transferase 1 (NSGT1), we uncovered extensive genome structural variation (SV) at the Methylesterase (MES) locus. This locus contains four tandemly duplicated Methylesterase genes and genome sequence investigations at the locus identified nine distinct haplotypes. Based on gene expression and results from biparental crosses, functional and non-functional haplotypes for MES were identified. The combination of the non-functional MES haplotype 2 and the non-functional NSGT1 haplotype IV or V in a GWAS panel showed high methyl salicylate levels in ripe fruits, particularly in accessions from Ecuador, demonstrating a strong interaction between these two loci and suggesting an ecological advantage. The genetic variation at the other two known loci, Salicylic Acid Methyl Transferase 1 (SAMT1) and tomato UDP Glycosyl Transferase 5 (SlUGT5), did not explain volatile variation in the red-fruited tomato germplasm, suggesting a minor role in methyl salicylate production in red-fruited tomato. Lastly, we found that most heirloom and modern tomato accessions carried a functional MES and a non-functional NSGT1 haplotype, ensuring acceptable levels of methyl salicylate in fruits. Yet, future selection of the functional NSGT1 allele could potentially improve flavor in the modern germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lara Pereira
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yasin Topcu
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Denise Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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15
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Nawrocka J, Szymczak K, Skwarek-Fadecka M, Małolepsza U. Toward the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Treated with Trichoderma virens or/and Botrytis cinerea. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091271. [PMID: 37174671 PMCID: PMC10177525 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea causes significant losses in tomato crops. B. cinerea infection may be halted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may exhibit fungistatic activity or enhance the defense responses of plants against the pathogen. The enhanced VOC generation was observed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), with the soil-applied biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens (106 spores/1 g soil), which decreased the gray mold disease index in plant leaves at 72 hpi with B. cinerea suspension (1 × 106 spores/mL). The tomato leaves were found to emit 100 VOCs, annotated and putatively annotated, assigned to six classes by the headspace GCxGC TOF-MS method. In Trichoderma-treated plants with a decreased grey mold disease index, the increased emission or appearance of 2-hexenal, (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienal, 2-hexyn-1-ol, 3,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 1,5-octadien-3-ol, 2-octenal, octanal, 2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-6-nonenal, prenol, and acetophenone, and 2-hydroxyacetophenone, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, 2-carene, δ-elemene, and isocaryophyllene, and β-ionone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and 2-ethyl-, and 2-pentylfuran, ethyl, butyl, and hexyl acetate were most noticeable. This is the first report of the VOCs that were released by tomato plants treated with Trichoderma, which may be used in practice against B. cinerea, although this requires further analysis, including the complete identification of VOCs and determination of their potential as agents that are capable of the direct and indirect control of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Szymczak
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Skwarek-Fadecka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Małolepsza
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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16
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Gaccione L, Martina M, Barchi L, Portis E. A Compendium for Novel Marker-Based Breeding Strategies in Eggplant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 36903876 PMCID: PMC10005326 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide production of eggplant is estimated at about 58 Mt, with China, India and Egypt being the major producing countries. Breeding efforts in the species have mainly focused on increasing productivity, abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, shelf-life, the content of health-promoting metabolites in the fruit rather than decreasing the content of anti-nutritional compounds in the fruit. From the literature, we collected information on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting eggplant's traits following a biparental or multi-parent approach as well as genome-wide association (GWA) studies. The positions of QTLs were lifted according to the eggplant reference line (v4.1) and more than 700 QTLs were identified, here organized into 180 quantitative genomic regions (QGRs). Our findings thus provide a tool to: (i) determine the best donor genotypes for specific traits; (ii) narrow down QTL regions affecting a trait by combining information from different populations; (iii) pinpoint potential candidate genes.
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17
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Causse M, Bénéjam J, Bineau E, Bitton F, Brault M, Carretero Y, Desaint H, Hereil A, Pellegrino K, Pelpoir E, Zhao J. Genetic control of tomato fruit quality: from QTL mapping to Genome Wide Association studies and breeding. C R Biol 2023; 345:3-13. [PMID: 36847117 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumers began to complain about the taste of tomato varieties in the late 1990's. Although tomato taste is influenced by environmental and post-harvest conditions, varieties show a large diversity for fruit quality traits. We herein review our past and present research work intended to improve tomato fruit quality. First, results from sensory analysis allowed identifying important traits for consumer preferences. Then, we dissected the genetic control of flavor related traits by mapping several QTL in the last 20 years, and identified the genes corresponding to a few major QTL. Since the availability of the tomato genome sequence, genome-wide association studies were performed on several panels of tomato accessions. We discovered a large number of associations for fruit composition and identified relevant allele combinations for breeding. We then performed a meta-analysis combining the results of several studies. We also checked the inheritance of quality traits at the hybrid level and assessed how genomic prediction could help selecting better tomato varieties.
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18
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Frick EM, Sapkota M, Pereira L, Wang Y, Hermanns A, Giovannoni JJ, van der Knaap E, Tieman DM, Klee HJ. A family of methyl esterases converts methyl salicylate to salicylic acid in ripening tomato fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:110-124. [PMID: 36315067 PMCID: PMC9806648 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate imparts a potent flavor and aroma described as medicinal and wintergreen that is undesirable in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Plants control the quantities of methyl salicylate through a variety of biosynthetic pathways, including the methylation of salicylic acid to form methyl salicylate and subsequent glycosylation to prevent methyl salicylate emission. Here, we identified a subclade of tomato methyl esterases, SALICYLIC ACID METHYL ESTERASE1-4, responsible for demethylation of methyl salicylate to form salicylic acid in fruits. This family was identified by proximity to a highly significant methyl salicylate genome-wide association study locus on chromosome 2. Genetic mapping studies in a biparental population confirmed a major methyl salicylate locus on chromosome 2. Fruits from SlMES1 knockout lines emitted significantly (P < 0,05, t test) higher amounts of methyl salicylate than wild-type fruits. Double and triple mutants of SlMES2, SlMES3, and SlMES4 emitted even more methyl salicylate than SlMES1 single knockouts-but not at statistically distinguishable levels-compared to the single mutant. Heterologously expressed SlMES1 and SlMES3 acted on methyl salicylate in vitro, with SlMES1 having a higher affinity for methyl salicylate than SlMES3. The SlMES locus has undergone major rearrangement, as demonstrated by genome structure analysis in the parents of the biparental population. Analysis of accessions that produce high or low levels of methyl salicylate showed that SlMES1 and SlMES3 genes expressed the highest in the low methyl salicylate lines. None of the MES genes were appreciably expressed in the high methyl salicylate-producing lines. We concluded that the SlMES gene family encodes tomato methyl esterases that convert methyl salicylate to salicylic acid in ripe tomato fruit. Their ability to decrease methyl salicylate levels by conversion to salicylic acid is an attractive breeding target to lower the level of a negative contributor to flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Frick
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Manoj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Lara Pereira
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Anna Hermanns
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - James J Giovannoni
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University campus, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Denise M Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Harry J Klee
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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19
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Deng Y, Liu R, Zheng M, Wang Z, Yu S, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Diao J. From the First to Third Generation of Neonicotinoids: Implication for Saving the Loss of Fruit Quality and Flavor by Pesticide Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15415-15429. [PMID: 36451590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids can control crop pests with high efficiency and low cost and have quickly swept one-fourth of the global insecticide market since the launch of imidacloprid in 1991. Imidacloprid and acetamiprid, the first generation of neonicotinoids, and dinotefuran, the representative of third generation of neonicotinoids, were applied on tomato plants individually to investigate neonicotinoid effects on tomato fruit quality, especially on appearance parameters, sugar, acid, and aroma compounds. Compared with the control, fewer differences in the transcriptome profile, sugar, acid, and volatile organic compound (VOC) contents, and sensory analysis results were shown in dinotefuran treatments than in the other two treatments. Therefore, dinotefuran was more recommended to control pests of tomatoes with less loss of fruit flavor and quality as well as lower ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Simin Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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20
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Drapal M, De Boeck B, Kreuze HL, Bonierbale M, Fraser PD. Identification of metabolites associated with boiled potato sensory attributes in freshly harvested and stored potatoes. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Burkholderia cenocepacia ETR-B22 volatile organic compounds suppress postharvest grey mould infection and maintain aroma quality of tomato fruit. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Ferrão LFV, Sater H, Lyrene P, Amadeu RR, Sims CA, Tieman DM, Munoz PR. Terpene volatiles mediates the chemical basis of blueberry aroma and consumer acceptability. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Inheritance of Secondary Metabolites and Gene Expression Related to Tomato Fruit Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116163. [PMID: 35682842 PMCID: PMC9181508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavour and nutritional quality are important goals for tomato breeders. This study aimed to shed light upon transgressive behaviors for fruit metabolic content. We studied the metabolic contents of 44 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 18 polyphenolics, together with transcriptome profiles in a factorial design comprising six parental lines and their 14 F1 hybrids (HF1) among which were five pairs of reciprocal HF1. After cluster analyses of the metabolome dataset and co-expression network construction of the transcriptome dataset, we characterized the mode of inheritance of each component. Both overall and per-cross mode of inheritance analyses revealed as many additive and non-additive modes of inheritance with few reciprocal effects. Up to 66% of metabolites displayed transgressions in a HF1 relative to parental values. Analysis of the modes of inheritance of metabolites revealed that: (i) transgressions were mostly of a single type whichever the cross and poorly correlated to the genetic distance between parental lines; (ii) modes of inheritance were scarcely consistent between the 14 crosses but metabolites belonging to the same cluster displayed similar modes of inheritance for a given cross. Integrating metabolome, transcriptome and modes of inheritance analyses suggested a few candidate genes that may drive important changes in fruit VOC contents.
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24
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Tay Fernandez CG, Nestor BJ, Danilevicz MF, Gill M, Petereit J, Bayer PE, Finnegan PM, Batley J, Edwards D. Pangenomes as a Resource to Accelerate Breeding of Under-Utilised Crop Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2671. [PMID: 35269811 PMCID: PMC8910360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pangenomes are a rich resource to examine the genomic variation observed within a species or genera, supporting population genetics studies, with applications for the improvement of crop traits. Major crop species such as maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), Brassica (Brassica spp.), and soybean (Glycine max) have had pangenomes constructed and released, and this has led to the discovery of valuable genes associated with disease resistance and yield components. However, pangenome data are not available for many less prominent crop species that are currently under-utilised. Despite many under-utilised species being important food sources in regional populations, the scarcity of genomic data for these species hinders their improvement. Here, we assess several under-utilised crops and review the pangenome approaches that could be used to build resources for their improvement. Many of these under-utilised crops are cultivated in arid or semi-arid environments, suggesting that novel genes related to drought tolerance may be identified and used for introgression into related major crop species. In addition, we discuss how previously collected data could be used to enrich pangenome functional analysis in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on studies in major crops. Considering the technological advances in genome sequencing, pangenome references for under-utilised species are becoming more obtainable, offering the opportunity to identify novel genes related to agro-morphological traits in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (C.G.T.F.); (B.J.N.); (M.F.D.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (P.E.B.); (P.M.F.); (J.B.)
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25
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Tay Fernandez CG, Nestor BJ, Danilevicz MF, Marsh JI, Petereit J, Bayer PE, Batley J, Edwards D. Expanding Gene-Editing Potential in Crop Improvement with Pangenomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042276. [PMID: 35216392 PMCID: PMC8879065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pangenomes aim to represent the complete repertoire of the genome diversity present within a species or cohort of species, capturing the genomic structural variance between individuals. This genomic information coupled with phenotypic data can be applied to identify genes and alleles involved with abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, and other desirable traits. The characterisation of novel structural variants from pangenomes can support genome editing approaches such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR associated protein Cas (CRISPR-Cas), providing functional information on gene sequences and new target sites in variant-specific genes with increased efficiency. This review discusses the application of pangenomes in genome editing and crop improvement, focusing on the potential of pangenomes to accurately identify target genes for CRISPR-Cas editing of plant genomes while avoiding adverse off-target effects. We consider the limitations of applying CRISPR-Cas editing with pangenome references and potential solutions to overcome these limitations.
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26
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Wang S, Jin N, Jin L, Xiao X, Hu L, Liu Z, Wu Y, Xie Y, Zhu W, Lyu J, Yu J. Response of Tomato Fruit Quality Depends on Period of LED Supplementary Light. Front Nutr 2022; 9:833723. [PMID: 35174200 PMCID: PMC8841748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.833723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor that regulates the activity of metabolism-related biochemical pathways during tomato maturation. Using LED to improve lighting conditions during the process of tomato growth and development is a feasible and efficient method to improve the quality of tomato fruit. In this study, red and blue LEDs were used to supplement light on “MicroTom” tomato plants for different periods of time in the morning and evening, and the differences between the primary and secondary metabolites and other nutrient metabolites in the tomato fruit were analyzed using liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and other methods. Supplementing light in the morning promoted the accumulation of vitamin C, organic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, and other health-promoting substances in the tomato fruits. Supplementing light in the evening significantly increased the content of sugars, flavonoids, and aromatic substances in tomato fruits, whereas the promoting effect of LED on the accumulation of amino acids and carotenoids was lower in the evening than in the morning. Both morning and evening light supplementation reduced the mineral content of fruit. In conclusion, morning light supplementation improved the nutritional quality of tomato fruits, while evening light supplementation improved their flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yandong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Lyu
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Jihua Yu
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27
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Breeding Tomato Hybrids for Flavour: Comparison of GWAS Results Obtained on Lines and F1 Hybrids. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091443. [PMID: 34573425 PMCID: PMC8469758 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato flavour is an important goal for breeders. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major determinants of tomato flavour. Although most tomato varieties for fresh market are F1 hybrids, most studies on the genetic control of flavour-related traits are performed on lines. We quantified 46 VOCs in a panel of 121 small fruited lines and in a test cross panel of 165 hybrids (the previous panel plus 44 elite cherry tomato lines crossed with a common line). High and consistent heritabilities were assessed for most VOCs in the two panels, and 65% of VOC contents were strongly correlated between lines and hybrids. Additivity was observed for most VOCs. We performed genome wide association studies (GWAS) on the two panels separately, along with a third GWAS on the test cross subset carrying only F1 hybrids corresponding to the line panel. We identified 205, 183 and 138 associations, respectively. We identified numerous overlapping associations for VOCs belonging to the same metabolic pathway within each panel; we focused on seven chromosome regions with clusters of associations simultaneously involved in several key VOCs for tomato aroma. The study highlighted the benefit of testcross panels to create tasty F1 hybrid varieties.
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28
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Aono Y, Asikin Y, Wang N, Tieman D, Klee H, Kusano M. High-Throughput Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Profiling Reveals Positive Associations with Sugar and Apocarotenoid Volatile Content in Fruits of Tomato Varieties in Modern and Wild Accessions. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060398. [PMID: 34207208 PMCID: PMC8233878 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor and nutritional quality has been negatively impacted during the course of domestication and improvement of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Recent emphasis on consumers has emphasized breeding strategies that focus on flavor-associated chemicals, including sugars, acids, and aroma compounds. Carotenoids indirectly affect flavor as precursors of aroma compounds, while chlorophylls contribute to sugar production through photosynthesis. However, the relationships between these pigments and flavor content are still unclear. In this study, we developed a simple and high-throughput method to quantify chlorophylls and carotenoids. This method was applied to over one hundred tomato varieties, including S. lycopersicum and its wild relatives (S. l. var. cerasiforme and S. pimpinellifolium), for quantification of these pigments in fruits. The results obtained by integrating data of the pigments, soluble solids, sugars, and aroma compounds indicate that (i) chlorophyll-abundant varieties have relatively higher sugar accumulations and (ii) prolycopene is associated with an abundance of linear carotenoid-derived aroma compounds in one of the orange-fruited varieties, "Dixie Golden Giant". Our results suggest the importance of these pigments not only as components of fruit color but also as factors influencing flavor traits, such as sugars and aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aono
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yonathan Asikin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan;
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Denise Tieman
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Harry Klee
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence:
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29
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Pereira L, Sapkota M, Alonge M, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Razifard H, Taitano NK, Schatz MC, Fernie AR, Wang Y, Fei Z, Caicedo AL, Tieman DM, van der Knaap E. Natural Genetic Diversity in Tomato Flavor Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642828. [PMID: 34149747 PMCID: PMC8212054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flavor is defined as the perception of the food by the olfactory and gustatory systems, and is one of the main determinants of fruit quality. Tomato flavor is largely determined by the balance of sugars, acids and volatile compounds. Several genes controlling the levels of these metabolites in tomato fruit have been cloned, including LIN5, ALMT9, AAT1, CXE1, and LoxC. The aim of this study was to identify any association of these genes with trait variation and to describe the genetic diversity at these loci in the red-fruited tomato clade comprised of the wild ancestor Solanum pimpinellifolium, the semi-domesticated species Solanum lycopersicum cerasiforme and early domesticated Solanum lycopersicum. High genetic diversity was observed at these five loci, including novel haplotypes that could be incorporated into breeding programs to improve fruit quality of modern tomatoes. Using newly available high-quality genome assemblies, we assayed each gene for potential functional causative polymorphisms and resolved a duplication at the LoxC locus found in several wild and semi-domesticated accessions which caused lower accumulation of lipid derived volatiles. In addition, we explored gene expression of the five genes in nine phylogenetically diverse tomato accessions. In general, the expression patterns of these genes increased during fruit ripening but diverged between accessions without clear relationship between expression and metabolite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pereira
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Manoj Sapkota
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael Alonge
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hamid Razifard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Nathan K. Taitano
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael C. Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ana L. Caicedo
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Denise M. Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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