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Eggermann T. Human Reproduction and Disturbed Genomic Imprinting. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:163. [PMID: 38397153 PMCID: PMC10888310 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a specific mode of gene regulation which particularly accounts for the factors involved in development. Its disturbance affects the fetus, the course of pregnancy and even the health of the mother. In children, aberrant imprinting signatures are associated with imprinting disorders (ImpDis). These alterations also affect the function of the placenta, which has consequences for the course of the pregnancy. The molecular causes of ImpDis comprise changes at the DNA level and methylation disturbances (imprinting defects/ImpDefs), and there is an increasing number of reports of both pathogenic fetal and maternal DNA variants causing ImpDefs. These ImpDefs can be inherited, but prediction of the pregnancy complications caused is difficult, as they can cause miscarriages, aneuploidies, health issues for the mother and ImpDis in the child. Due to the complexity of imprinting regulation, each pregnancy or patient with suspected altered genomic imprinting requires a specific workup to identify the precise molecular cause and also careful clinical documentation. This review will cover the current knowledge on the molecular causes of aberrant imprinting signatures and illustrate the need to identify this basis as the prerequisite for personalized genetic and reproductive counselling of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH University Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Qin S, Wang X, Wang J, Xi N, Yan M, He Y, Ye M, Zhang Z, Yin Y. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and uniparental disomy and clinical outcomes evaluation of four fetuses. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:35. [PMID: 38057902 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few co-occurrence cases of mosaic aneuploidy and uniparental disomy (UPD) chromosomes have been reported in prenatal periods. It is a big challenge for us to predict fetal clinical outcomes with these chromosome abnormalities because of their highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations and limited phenotype attainable by ultrasound. METHODS Amniotic fluid samples were collected from four cases. Karyotype, chromosome microarray analysis, short tandem repeats, and whole exome sequencing were adopted to analyze fetal chromosomal aneuploidy, UPD, and gene variation. Meanwhile, CNVseq analysis proceeded for cultured and uncultured amniocytes in case 2 and case 4 and MS-MLPA for chr11 and chr15 in case 3. RESULTS All four fetuses showed mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and UPD simultaneously. The results were: Case 1: T2(7%) and UPD(2)mat(12%). Case 2: T15(60%) and UPD(15)mat(40%). Case 3: 45,X(13%) and genome-wide paternal UPD(20%). Case 4: <10% of T20 and > 90% UPD(20)mat in uncultured amniocyte. By analyzing their formation mechanism of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and UPD, at least two adverse genetic events happened during their meiosis and mitosis. The fetus of case 1 presented a benign with a normal intrauterine phenotype, consistent with a low proportion of trisomy cells. However, the other three fetuses had adverse pregnancy outcomes, resulting from the UPD chromosomes with imprinted regions involved or a higher level of mosaic aneuploidy. CONCLUSION UPD is often present with mosaic aneuploidy. It is necessary to analyze them simultaneously using a whole battery of analyses for these cases when their chromosomes with imprinted regions are involved or known carriers of a recessive allele. Fetal clinical outcomes were related to the affected chromosomes aneuploidy and UPD, mosaic levels and tissues, methylation status, and homozygous variation of recessive genes on the UPD chromosome. Genetic counseling for pregnant women with such fetuses is crucial to make informed choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Qin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjia Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxia He
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengling Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
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Zhang M, Tang J, Li J, Wang C, Wei R, Fang Y, Zhu J. Value of noninvasive prenatal testing in the detection of rare fetal autosomal abnormalities. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 284:5-11. [PMID: 36905803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the value of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the screening of rare autosomal abnormalities and provide further support for the clinical application of NIPT. STUDY DESIGN A total of 81,518 pregnant women who underwent NIPT at the Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital between May 2018 and March 2022 were selected. The high-risk samples were analyzed using amniotic fluid karyotype and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), and the pregnancy outcomes were followed up. RESULTS NIPT detected 292 cases (0.36%) with rare autosomal abnormalities among the 81,518 cases sampled. Of these, 140 (0.17%) showed rare autosomal trisomies (RATs), and 102 of these patients agreed to undergo invasive testing. Five cases were true positives, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 4.90%. Copy number variants (CNV) were detected in 152 samples of the total cases (0.19%), and 95 of the patients involved agreed to the use of CMA. Twenty-nine of these cases were confirmed to be true positive, with a PPV of 30.53%. Detailed follow-up information was obtained in 81 cases from 97 patients with false-positive results for RATs. Thirty-seven of these cases (45.68%) had adverse perinatal outcomes, with a higher incidence of small for gestational age (SGA), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and preterm birth (PTB). CONCLUSIONS NIPT is not recommended for screening for RATs. However, considering that positive results are associated with an increased risk of IUGR and PTB, additional fetal ultrasound examination should be performed to monitor fetal growth. In addition, NIPT has a reference value in screening for CNVs, especially pathogenic CNVs, but a comprehensive analysis of prenatal diagnosis combined with ultrasound and family history is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Junxiang Tang
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jingran Li
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Chaohong Wang
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Fang
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
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Ongoing Challenges in the Diagnosis of 11p15.5-Associated Imprinting Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:263-272. [PMID: 35522427 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and the growth restriction disorder Silver-Russell syndrome have been described as 'mirror' syndromes, in both their clinical features and molecular causes. Clinically, their nonspecific features, focused around continuous variables of atypical growth, make it hard to set diagnostic thresholds that are pragmatic without potentially excluding some cases. Molecularly, both are imprinting disorders, classically associated with 'opposite' genetic and epigenetic changes to genes on chromosome 11p15, but both are associated with somatic mosaicism as well as an increasing range of alternative (epi)genetic changes to other genes, which make molecular diagnosis an increasingly complex process. In this Current Opinion, we explore how the understanding of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome has evolved in recent years, stretching the canonical 'mirror' designations in different ways for the two disorders and how this is changing clinical and molecular diagnosis. We suggest some possible directions of travel toward more timely and stratified diagnosis, so that patients can access the early interventions that are so critical for good outcome.
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Chu L, Ren S, Li Y, Gao A, Wen J, Deng W, Lu Y, Kong L, Liang B, Shao X. Case Report: A Paternal 20q13.2-q13.32 Deletion Patient With Growth Retardation Improved by Growth Hormone. Front Genet 2022; 13:859185. [PMID: 35401665 PMCID: PMC8987769 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.859185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial chromosome 20q deletions, containing GNAS imprinted locus, are rarely reported in the past. Hereby, we presented a Chinese boy with a novel 4.36 Mb deletion at paternal 20q13.2-13.32, showing feeding difficulty, malnutrition, short stature, lower limb asymmetry, sightly abnormal facial appearance and mild intellectual abnormality. With 3 years’ growth hormone treatment, his height was increased from 90 to 113.5 cm. This report is the first time to describe the outcome of clinical treatment on a patient with this rare chromosomal 20 long arm interstitial deletion, containing GNAS locus, which may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liming Chu
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Aimin Gao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Wanling Deng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyin Kong
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liang, ; Xiaoshan Shao,
| | - Xiaoshan Shao
- Department of Renal Rheumatology and Immunology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liang, ; Xiaoshan Shao,
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