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Coppedè F. Special Issue "Genetics and Epigenetics of Neuromuscular Diseases". Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1522. [PMID: 37628574 PMCID: PMC10454685 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) include several hereditary or acquired conditions that impair the neuromuscular system and muscle function [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Kang KH, Han JE, Kim H, Kim S, Hong YB, Yun J, Nam SH, Choi BO, Koh H. PINK1 and Parkin Ameliorate the Loss of Motor Activity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Peripheral Neuropathy-Associated HSPB8 Mutants in Drosophila Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030832. [PMID: 36979812 PMCID: PMC10045361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited peripheral nerve disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, foot deformities and steppage gait. Missense mutations in the gene encoding the small heat shock protein HSPB8 (HSP22) have been associated with hereditary neuropathies, including CMT. HSPB8 is a member of the small heat shock protein family sharing a highly conserved α-crystallin domain that is critical to its chaperone activity. In this study, we modeled HSPB8 mutant-induced neuropathies in Drosophila. The overexpression of human HSPB8 mutants in Drosophila neurons produced no significant defect in fly development but led to a partial reduction in fly lifespan. Although these HSPB8 mutant genes failed to induce sensory abnormalities, they reduced the motor activity of flies and the mitochondrial functions in fly neuronal tissue. The motor defects and mitochondrial dysfunction were successfully restored by PINK1 and parkin, which are Parkinson’s disease-associated genes that have critical roles in maintaining mitochondrial function and integrity. Consistently, kinetin riboside, a small molecule amplifying PINK1 activity, also rescued the loss of motor activity in our HSPB8 mutant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-hwa Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongjong Koh
- Department of Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-240-2805
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Tedesco B, Vendredy L, Timmerman V, Poletti A. The chaperone-assisted selective autophagy complex dynamics and dysfunctions. Autophagy 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36594740 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2160564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Each protein must be synthesized with the correct amino acid sequence, folded into its native structure, and transported to a relevant subcellular location and protein complex. If any of these steps fail, the cell has the capacity to break down aberrant proteins to maintain protein homeostasis (also called proteostasis). All cells possess a set of well-characterized protein quality control systems to minimize protein misfolding and the damage it might cause. Autophagy, a conserved pathway for the degradation of long-lived proteins, aggregates, and damaged organelles, was initially characterized as a bulk degradation pathway. However, it is now clear that autophagy also contributes to intracellular homeostasis by selectively degrading cargo material. One of the pathways involved in the selective removal of damaged and misfolded proteins is chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). The CASA complex is composed of three main proteins (HSPA, HSPB8 and BAG3), essential to maintain protein homeostasis in muscle and neuronal cells. A failure in the CASA complex, caused by mutations in the respective coding genes, can lead to (cardio)myopathies and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the CASA complex and its dynamics. We also briefly discuss how CASA complex proteins are involved in disease and may represent an interesting therapeutic target.Abbreviation ALP: autophagy lysosomal pathway; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AMOTL1: angiomotin like 1; ARP2/3: actin related protein 2/3; BAG: BAG cochaperone; BAG3: BAG cochaperone 3; CASA: chaperone-assisted selective autophagy; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; DNAJ/HSP40: DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40); DRiPs: defective ribosomal products; EIF2A/eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK1/HRI: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HSP: heat shock protein; HSPA/HSP70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70); HSP90: heat shock protein 90; HSPB8: heat shock protein family B (small) member 8; IPV: isoleucine-proline-valine; ISR: integrated stress response; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; LATS1: large tumor suppressor kinase 1; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOC: microtubule organizing center; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NFE2L2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; PLCG/PLCγ: phospholipase C gamma; polyQ: polyglutamine; PQC: protein quality control; PxxP: proline-rich; RAN translation: repeat-associated non-AUG translation; SG: stress granule; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STUB1/CHIP: STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1; STK: serine/threonine kinase; SYNPO: synaptopodin; TBP: TATA-box binding protein; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TPR: tetratricopeptide repeats; TSC1: TSC complex subunit 1; UBA: ubiquitin associated; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system; WW: tryptophan-tryptophan; WWTR1: WW domain containing transcription regulator 1; YAP1: Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tedesco
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Leen Vendredy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Frasquet M, Sevilla T. Hereditary motor neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:562-570. [PMID: 35942667 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) are a clinically and genetically diverse group of disorders that are characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. In this review, we will provide an overview of dHMN, and we will correlate the distinct clinical subtypes with their causative genes, focusing on the most recent advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the massive use of new-generation sequencing (NGS) and the discovery of new genes, only a third of dHMN patients receive a molecular diagnosis. Thanks to international cooperation between researchers, new genes have been implicated in dHMN, such as SORD and VWA1 . Mutations in SORD are the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive forms of dHMN. As a result of these findings, the potential benefits of some pharmacological compounds are being studied in cell and animal models, mainly targeting axonal transport and metabolic pathways. SUMMARY Despite the wide use of NGS, the diagnosis of dHMN remains a challenge. The low prevalence of dHMN makes international cooperation necessary in order to discover new genes and causal mechanisms. Genetic diagnosis of patients and identification of new pathomechanism are essential for the development of therapeutical clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Frasquet
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Doctor Peset
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Spain
- Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Jung NY, Kwon HM, Nam DE, Tamanna N, Lee AJ, Kim SB, Choi BO, Chung KW. Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 Gene Mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1E Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071219. [PMID: 35886002 PMCID: PMC9321036 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duplication and deletion of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), respectively, while point mutations or small insertions and deletions (indels) usually cause CMT type 1E (CMT1E) or HNPP. This study was performed to identify PMP22 mutations and to analyze the genotype−phenotype correlation in Korean CMT families. By the application of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and targeted gene panel sequencing (TS), we identified 14 pathogenic or likely pathogenic PMP22 mutations in 21 families out of 850 CMT families who were negative for 17p12 (PMP22) duplication. Most mutations were located in the well-conserved transmembrane domains. Of these, eight mutations were not reported in other populations. High frequencies of de novo mutations were observed, and the mutation sites of c.68C>G and c.215C>T were suggested as the mutational hotspots. Affected individuals showed an early onset-severe phenotype and late onset-mild phenotype, and more than 40% of the CMT1E patients showed hearing loss. Physical and electrophysiological symptoms of the CMT1E patients were more severely damaged than those of CMT1A while similar to CMT1B caused by MPZ mutations. Our results will be useful for the reference data of Korean CMT1E and the molecular diagnosis of CMT1 with or without hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (N.Y.J.); (D.E.N.); (N.T.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Hye Mi Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Da Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (N.Y.J.); (D.E.N.); (N.T.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Nasrin Tamanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (N.Y.J.); (D.E.N.); (N.T.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Ah Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (N.Y.J.); (D.E.N.); (N.T.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea;
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Cell & Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (K.W.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-41-850-8506 (K.W.C.)
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (N.Y.J.); (D.E.N.); (N.T.); (A.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (K.W.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-41-850-8506 (K.W.C.)
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