1
|
Tolentino R, Rodriguez C, Hersson-Edery F, Lane J, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Perspectives on virtual interviews and emerging technologies integration in family medicine residency programs: a cross-sectional survey study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:975. [PMID: 39245713 PMCID: PMC11382399 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in-person interviews for the recruitment of family medicine residents shifted to online (virtual) interviews. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to gather the ideas about virtual interviews of family medicine applicants (interviewees), and faculty and staff who interviewed these applicants (interviewers), and (2) to describe interviewers' and interviewees' opinions of use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in the recruitment process as well as during clinical practice. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey study. Participants were both interviewers and candidates who applied to the McGill University Family Medicine Residency Program for the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 cycles. RESULTS The study population was constituted by N = 132 applicants and N = 60 interviewers. The response rate was 91.7% (55/60) for interviewers and 43.2% (57/132) for interviewees. Both interviewers (43.7%) and interviewees (68.5%) were satisfied with connecting through virtual interviews. Interviewers (43.75%) and interviewees (55.5%) would prefer for both options to be available. Both interviewers (50%) and interviewees (72%) were interested in emerging technologies. Almost all interviewees (95.8%) were interested in learning about AI and VR and its application in clinical practice with the majority (60.8%) agreeing that it should be taught within medical training. CONCLUSION Although experience of virtual interviewing during the COVID-19 pandemic has been positive for both interviewees and interviewers, the findings of this study suggest that it will be unlikely that virtual interviews completely replace in-person interviews for selecting candidates for family medicine residency programs in the long term as participants value aspects of in-person interviews and would want a choice in format. Since incoming family medicine physicians seem to be eager to learn and utilize emerging technologies such as AI and VR, educators and institutions should consider family physicians' needs due to the changing technological landscape in family medicine education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Tolentino
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Charo Rodriguez
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fanny Hersson-Edery
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Lane
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
- Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Canada.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hampshire K, Huang L, Shirley H, Kahkejian V, Yates E, Weiser SD, Rosenbach M, Liang K, Teherani A. The mitigated carbon emissions of transitioning to virtual medical school and residency interviews: A survey-based study. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 58:216-224. [PMID: 37551919 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior to COVID, thousands of medical school and residency applicants traversed their countries for in-person interviews each year. However, data on the greenhouse gas emissions from in-person interviews is limited. This study estimated greenhouse gas emissions associated with in-person medical school and residency interviews and explored applicant interview structure preferences. METHODS From March to June 2022, we developed and distributed a nine-question, website-based survey to collect information on applicant virtual interview schedule, demographics and preference for future interview format. We calculated theoretical emissions for all interviews requiring air travel and performed a content analysis of interview preference explanations. RESULTS We received responses from 258 first-year and 253 fourth-year medical students at 26 allopathic US medical schools who interviewed virtually in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively. Residency applicants participating in the study were interviewed at a mean of 15.3 programs (SD 5.4) and had mean theoretical emissions of 4.31 tons CO2 eq. Medical school applicants participating in the study were interviewed at a mean of 6.9 programs and had mean theoretical emissions of 2.19 tons CO2 eq. Ninety percent of medical school applicants and 91% of residency applicants participating in the study expressed a preference for hybrid or virtual interviews going forward. CONCLUSION In-person medical training interviews have significant greenhouse gas emissions. Virtual and hybrid alternatives have a high degree of acceptability among applicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karly Hampshire
- New York Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence Huang
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hugh Shirley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valerie Kahkejian
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Yates
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of General Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheri D Weiser
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California Center for Climate, Health and Equity, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Liang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arianne Teherani
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California Center for Climate, Health and Equity, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thirugnanasambandam RP, Capric V, Patel KH, Gill H, Geraghty P. Virtual Interviews: A Cross-Sectional Quality Improvement Project Aimed to Improve the Interview Process in an Internal Medicine Residency Program. Cureus 2023; 15:e34927. [PMID: 36938174 PMCID: PMC10016024 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The residency interview is a crucial step that helps the program identify potential new trainees while the trainees find out more about the program. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it became essential to hold interviews virtually. OBJECTIVE Here, we conducted a questionnaire-based study to identify areas of improvement in the virtual interview process in our program. METHODS The study was conducted among the residency interview applicants of the 2022 match cycle. A questionnaire was sent via email to all applicants who were invited to our residency program for an interview. Out of the 600 applicants who were interviewed in our program, 230 applicants answered the survey, an 11-point questionnaire pertaining to the various aspects of the interview process. RESULTS A virtual interview with an option of in-person is the most favored answer among the different groups, i.e., American Medical Graduates (AMGs), International Medical Graduates (IMGs) without need for a visa, and IMGs with a need for a visa, respectively, were, 37.5%, 42.8%, and 38.65%, respectively. An updated website with all required information was a top resource used by 95%, 84.5%, and 89.6% of the different groups of candidates. American medical graduates (32.50%) place high importance on resident interaction, while international medical graduates want the programs to focus on their website and provide more information about all aspects of the program during the virtual interview. CONCLUSIONS In the post-COVID-19 era, Internal Medicine programs will need to improve several aspects of virtual interviews while assessing what is important to candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta Capric
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Krunal H Patel
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Harjinder Gill
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Daniel M, Gottlieb M, Wooten D, Stojan J, Haas MRC, Bailey J, Evans S, Lee D, Goldberg C, Fernandez J, Jassal SK, Rudolf F, Guluma K, Lander L, Pott E, Goldhaber NH, Thammasitboon S, Uraiby H, Grafton-Clarke C, Gordon M, Pawlikowska T, Corral J, Partha I, Kolman KB, Westrick J, Dolmans D. Virtual interviewing for graduate medical education recruitment and selection: A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 80. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:1313-1331. [PMID: 36369939 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2022.2130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic caused graduate medical education (GME) programs to pivot to virtual interviews (VIs) for recruitment and selection. This systematic review synthesizes the rapidly expanding evidence base on VIs, providing insights into preferred formats, strengths, and weaknesses. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO, MedEdPublish, and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2012 to 21 February 2022. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, full texts, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias using the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument. Findings were reported according to Best Evidence in Medical Education guidance. RESULTS One hundred ten studies were included. The majority (97%) were from North America. Fourteen were conducted before COVID-19 and 96 during the pandemic. Studies involved both medical students applying to residencies (61%) and residents applying to fellowships (39%). Surgical specialties were more represented than other specialties. Applicants preferred VI days that lasted 4-6 h, with three to five individual interviews (15-20 min each), with virtual tours and opportunities to connect with current faculty and trainees. Satisfaction with VIs was high, though both applicants and programs found VIs inferior to in-person interviews for assessing 'fit.' Confidence in ranking applicants and programs was decreased. Stakeholders universally noted significant cost and time savings with VIs, as well as equity gains and reduced carbon footprint due to eliminating travel. CONCLUSIONS The use of VIs for GME recruitment and selection has accelerated rapidly. The findings of this review offer early insights that can guide future practice, policy, and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Daniel
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Darcy Wooten
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary R C Haas
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Bailey
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean Evans
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles Goldberg
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Fernandez
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Simerjot K Jassal
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frances Rudolf
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kama Guluma
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lina Lander
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily Pott
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole H Goldhaber
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Hussain Uraiby
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Morris Gordon
- Biomedical Evidence Synthesis and Translation to Practice (BEST) Unit, School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Teresa Pawlikowska
- Health Professions Education Centre (HPEC), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, IE
| | - Janet Corral
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Indu Partha
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Karyn B Kolman
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | | | - Diana Dolmans
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|