Analyzing the within and between Players Variability of Heart Rate and Locomotor Responses in Small-Sided Soccer Games Performed Repeatedly over a Week

Locomotor and Physiological Demands of Small-Sided Soccer Games in Wildcard and Regular Players: Effects of Goalkeepers and Type of Wildcard

BACKGROUND

Small-sided games (SSGs) are frequent training drills in soccer. This study investigated whether type of game (ie, with/without goalkeepers) and wildcard ( without vs internal vs external wildcard) impact the physiological (heartrate [HR]) and locomotor (total distance [TD] covered) demands in regular and wildcard players and to evaluate between-player and within-player variability.

HYPOTHESIS

Demands are influenced by wildcard and game type, with higher demand (distance covered at high intensities and sprint speed) in regular players and with higher variability in SSG with wildcard players.

STUDY DESIGN

Descriptive/comparative study.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level 4.

METHODS

Twenty-four soccer players completed 6 SSG as 3 versus 3 without (NG) or with (GK) goalkeepers, and with internal (NG+IW and GK+IW) and external (NG+EW and GK+EW) wildcard. Average HR (HRavg), rate of perceived exertion, and locomotor demands (TD, medium [MID = 7.0-13.9 km h-1], high [HID = 14.0-20.9 km h-1] and sprint [SPD >21.0 km h-1] distance and peak speed [PS]) were registered.

RESULTS

The inclusion of GK and internal wildcard led to decreased HRavg and TD in regular players. Wildcard players positioned internally exhibited higher TD, PS, and lower HRavg than externally positioned wildcards. Regular players demonstrated higher TD, PS, MID, HID, HRavg and time spent in Z3 (>90% HRmax) compared with wildcard players in SSG played with external wildcard. Regular and wildcard players displayed great between- and within-player variability in high-intensity metrics.

CONCLUSION

Specific game type and wildcard inclusion impact the physiological and locomotor demands in SSG, with variations observed between regular and wildcard players.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This study provides comprehensive information on the physiological and locomotor demands of SSG depending on the inclusion and position of goalkeepers and wildcards, which can be useful for strength and conditioning coaches when designing specific training tasks, individualizing training load and applying return-to-play programs.

Physiological and locomotor variations of 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games soccer formats: A 4-month study on sedentary young adults

The objectives of this study were twofold: (a) to analyze the variability of 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games (SSG) formats in sedentary young adults, and (b) to compare the physiological and locomotor demands of 3v3 and 5v5 SSG formats while considering variations based on sex. The study followed a longitudinal design over 4 months. Thirty sedentary young adults with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.0 years, height of 1.67 ± 0.06 m, and body mass of 86.3 ± 11.8 kg were included in the study. The participants engaged in 3v3 and 5v5 SSG formats, with each format being played 10 times per month. During each session, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and total distance were measured and analyzed. The within-player variability for HR ranged from a minimum of 1.6% to a maximum of 2.8% (considering the levels at each month), while the between-players variability for HR ranged from a minimum of 1.4% to a maximum of 2.6% (considering the levels at each month). Similar variability patterns were observed for the other outcomes. In terms of comparisons between the formats, the 3v3 format resulted in higher RPE than the 5v5 format for both male (p = 0.006) and female (p = 0.628) participants, as well as for the other outcome measures. In summary, these findings highlight the reproducibility of physiological responses in 3v3 and 5v5 SSG among sedentary individuals. Notably, the 3v3 format consistently induced higher RPE levels. These findings underscore the importance of programming SSG based on sex and format preferences for optimizing exercise outcomes in sedentary.

Load Monitoring and Its Relationship with Healthcare in Sports

Load monitoring consists of training/match demand quantification as well as wellness and readiness to maximize the likelihood of optimal athletic performance [...].