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Yekaninejad MS, Hajiheidari A, Alijanzadeh M, Yahaghi R, Karimi Z, Rahmani J, Yazdi N, Jafari E, Alijani H, Zamani N, Fotuhi R, Taherkhani E, Buchali Z, Zarenejad M, Mahmoudi N, Shahmahdi N, Poorzolfaghar L, Ahmadizade S, Shahbazkhania A, Potenza MN, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Exploring health literacy categories among an Iranian adult sample: a latent class analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:776. [PMID: 38191607 PMCID: PMC10774330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
General and electronic health literacy are important factors engaging in healthy behaviors and maintaining good health. The present study explored demographic factors associated with general and electronic health literacy in the Iranian adult population. Via stratified cluster sampling, trained interviewers visited adult residents in Qazvin Province, Iran between January, and April 2022. The participants (N = 9775; mean age = 36.44 years; 6576 [67.3%] females) completed the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) assessing health literacy and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) assessing electronic health literacy. Demographic data, including age, gender, educational level, marital status, and living location (city or rural), were collected. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the participants into different health literacy/electronic health literacy levels. The relationships between health literacy/electronic health literacy levels and demographic factors were examined using χ2 or analysis of variance. The LCA used HELIA scores to suggest five classes of health literacy and eHEALS scores to suggest three classes of electronic health literacy. For general and electronic health literacy, similar relationships were with demographic factors: females as compared with males had better general/electronic health literacy; younger people as compared with older people had better general/electronic health literacy; higher educational level was associated with better general/electronic health literacy; and city residents as compared with rural residents had better general/electronic health literacy. In conclusion, Iranian governmental agencies may wish to target on males, older adults, people with low educational level, and rural residents to improve their health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehran Alijanzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Rafat Yahaghi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Rahmani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Nahid Yazdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Hashem Alijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Narges Zamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Razie Fotuhi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Elham Taherkhani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Zeinab Buchali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Masoume Zarenejad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Narges Mahmoudi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Najmeh Shahmahdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Leila Poorzolfaghar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Safie Ahmadizade
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Azam Shahbazkhania
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Hartford, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran.
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan 5, 55318, Jönköping, Sweden.
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Alijanzadeh M, Yahaghi R, Rahmani J, Yazdi N, Jafari E, Alijani H, Zamani N, Fotuhi R, Taherkhani E, Buchali Z, Zarenejad M, Mahmoudi N, Shahmahdi N, Poorzolfaghar L, Ahmadizade S, Shahbazkhania A, Gozal D, Lin C, Pakpour AH. Sleep hygiene behaviours mediate the association between health/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing. Health Expect 2023; 26:2349-2360. [PMID: 37551056 PMCID: PMC10632637 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy and e-health literacy are important factors helping people shape awareness of health behaviours in different aspects, including sleep hygiene behaviours. Good sleep hygiene behaviours promote sleep quality and are beneficial to overall mental wellbeing. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine if sleep hygiene behaviours may mediate the association between health literacy/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing. METHODS Adult Iranian subjects (n = 9775; mean [SD] age = 36.44 [11.97] years; 67.3% females) completed the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults, eHealth Literacy Scale, three items on sleep hygiene behaviour that have been used in prior research and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Data were then subjected to structural equation modelling (SEM) including 500 bootstrapping resampling to examine whether sleep hygiene is a mediator in the relationship between health literacy/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing. FINDINGS Both health literacy and e-health literacy were significantly associated with mental wellbeing (r = .63 for health literacy and .39 for e-health literacy; p < .001) and sleep hygiene behaviours (r = .58 for health literacy and .36 for e-health literacy; p < .001). Sleep hygiene behaviours were significantly associated with mental wellbeing (r = .42; p < .001). Moreover, SEM that incorporated bootstrapping approaches indicated that sleep hygiene behaviours were significant mediators in the association between health literacy/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that health literacy and e-health literacy are associated with mental health wellbeing in the Iranian population. Additionally, the association could be mediated via sleep hygiene behaviours. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The study was co-designed with healthcare providers from the vice-Chancellor's Office for Health Affairs of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences as equal partners. Moreover, the women's health volunteers were involved in the design of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alijanzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Rafat Yahaghi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Jalal Rahmani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Nahid Yazdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Hashem Alijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Narges Zamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Razie Fotuhi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Elham Taherkhani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Zeinab Buchali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Masoume Zarenejad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Narges Mahmoudi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Najmeh Shahmahdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Leila Poorzolfaghar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Safie Ahmadizade
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Azam Shahbazkhania
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child HealthUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Chung‐Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
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Pakpour AH, Alijanzadeh M, Yahaghi R, Rahmani J, Yazdi N, Jafari E, Alijani H, Zamani N, Fotuhi R, Taherkhani E, Buchali Z, Zarenejad M, Mahmoudi N, Shahmahdi N, Poorzolfaghar L, Ahmadizade S, Shahbazkhania A, Lin CY. Large-scale dataset on health literacy, sleep hygiene behaviors, and mental well-being in the general population of Qazvin, Iran. Data Brief 2023; 48:109072. [PMID: 37025506 PMCID: PMC10070504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The collected data included socio-demographic information and measurements of health literacy, e-health literacy, mental well-being, and sleep hygiene behaviors. The study aimed to provide insights regarding health literacy status and related factors in the general population residing in Qazvin province, Iran. The findings of the study will assist health authorities and policy makers in developing and implementing effective interventions, which in turn, improving health literacy in the community. Additionally, the findings can also aid health sector workers, including non-communicable disease researchers, public health experts, health education specialists, epidemiologists, and sociologists, in their work to improve health literacy and overall health outcomes among general population. Therefore, the present study used paper-pencil method with multi-stage cluster sampling to collect data. Trained research associates (n=25) collected data from 9775 people living in Qazvin province between January and April 2022. All the participants completed the study questionnaires using self-reported paper-pencil mode.
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Alijanzadeh M, Lin CY, Yahaghi R, Rahmani J, Yazdi N, Jafari E, Alijani H, Zamani N, Fotuhi R, Taherkhani E, Buchali Z, Jafari R, Mahmoudi N, Poorzolfaghar L, Ahmadizade S, Shahbazkhania A, Alimoradi Z, Pakpour AH. Correction: Alijanzadeh et al. Measurement Invariance and Differential Item Functioning of the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA): A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study in Iran. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2064. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2541. [PMID: 36554105 PMCID: PMC9766079 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There were some errors in the original publication in the Abstract and Results sections [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alijanzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Rafat Yahaghi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Jalal Rahmani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Nahid Yazdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Hashem Alijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Narges Zamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Razie Fotuhi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Elham Taherkhani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zeinab Buchali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Robabe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Narges Mahmoudi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Leila Poorzolfaghar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Safie Ahmadizade
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Azam Shahbazkhania
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; (M.A.); (R.Y.); (J.R.); (N.Y.); (E.J.); (H.A.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (E.T.); (Z.B.); (R.J.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 553 18 Jönköping, Sweden
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