Relationship between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Aging

Associations of composite dietary antioxidant index with premature death and all-cause mortality: a cohort study

Although previous evidence indicates that the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) is negatively associated with health outcomes, no studies have explored the association between CDAI and premature death. This research utilized a cohort study design with 37,301 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018. Cox proportional hazard regression was employed to analyze the association between CDAI and premature death and all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was performed to examine the nonlinear relationship between variables, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate survival outcomes over time. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of the findings. During a median follow-up period of 8.25 years, 4487 deaths were recorded, with 1671 classified as premature. The study revealed a negative correlation between CDAI and premature death (Per-SD hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97; quartiles [Q4:Q1] HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98) as well as all-cause mortality (Per-SD HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1.00; quartiles [Q4:Q1] HR 0.91, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.01). The RCS analyses indicated a 'U' shaped relationship between CDAI and premature death and all-cause mortality. The threshold effect analysis pinpointed the inflection points for CDAI relative to premature death and all-cause mortality at 1.42 and 1.48, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated that the likelihood of individual survival increases with higher CDAI quartiles. The results highlight the significance of dietary antioxidant intake in enhancing extending lifespan. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and determine optimal intake levels for improving health outcomes.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and rheumatoid arthritis: results from NHANES 2003-2018

Background: Increasing evidence has revealed oxidative stress as an essential risk factor in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) is an important tool for assessing dietary antioxidant capacity. However, the association between CDAI and RA is still unclear. Method: The data of 26501 participants from the NHANES database 2003-2018 cycle were collected to investigate the relationship between CDAI and RA risk. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio (OR) of CDAI to RA risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to test for potential nonlinear relationship. Stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed to strengthen the reliability of results. Results: Multivariate logistic regression with full adjustment for covariates showed that the OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) for CDAI to RA was 0.974 (0.955, 0.993). A nonlinear negative correlation was identified by the RCS (p for nonlinearity=0.046). In both the subgroup and sensitivity analysis, this relationship was still present. Conclusion: Our work suggests that higher dietary antioxidants intake is correlated with a lower RA incidence, thus providing some dietary recommendations for daily diets. Further clinical studies are acquired to better validate the current findings.

Dietary diversity contributes to delay biological aging

Aims

As aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, strategies to promote healthy aging are essential. Dietary diversity has been reported to be beneficial for human health, however, the role in the biological aging process remains underexplored. Our aim was to analyse the potential link between diet diversity and aging.

Methods

Twenty-two thousand six hundred participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. Dietary diversity was assessed by the dietary diversity score (DDS), which aggregated data on participants' self-reported dietary categories for the 5 major food groups (18 subgroups) over 2 rounds. Biological age was determined using the phenotypic age, with the residual between biological age and chronological age, phenotypic age acceleration, representing biological aging advance. Weighted multivariate regressions analysis were used to examine the relationship between DDS and phenotypic age acceleration. Sensitivity, subgroup interaction and mediation analyses were employed for further analysis.

Results

Higher DDS was consistently associated with slower phenotypic age acceleration (β < 0, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the inverse relationship persisted across categories, with minimal interaction effects. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of results. The oxidative stress indicator glutamyltransferase partially mediated the relationship between DDS and aging [4.9% (3.6, 6.0%), p < 0.001].

Conclusion

Dietary diversity is associated with a slower rate of biological aging, which may be due in part to reduced oxidative stress. These findings underscore the potential of a rich, broad-spectrum diet to promote healthy aging and reduce the burden of age-related diseases.

Impact of dietary antioxidants on female infertility risk: evidence from NHANES

The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) serves as a valuable instrument for evaluating the intake of dietary antioxidants. This research aims to clarify the connection between CDAI and the risk of female infertility by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2018. Participants underwent two 24-h dietary recall interviews to calculate CDAI. Female infertility was determined through two questionnaires. Logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline and subgroup analysis were employed to examine the association between CDAI and female infertility. The study encompassed 2162 participants. Participants with female infertility had lower CDAI levels compared to those without. Following adjustment for confounding variables, a negative association between CDAI levels and female infertility was observed (Q4 vs. Q1, OR [95% CI] 0.392 [0.193, 0.795], P = 0.016). RCS demonstrated a statistically significant linear negative relationship between CDAI and female infertility. Subgroup analysis showed no significant interaction. This study illustrates a negative link between the CDAI and female infertility, indicating that higher consumption of dietary antioxidants may be associated with a reduced risk of female infertility. Additional rigorously designed prospective studies are necessary to validate these results.

Association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and severe headache or migraine: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background

Severe headache or migraine is a neurological disease that seriously affects the quality of human life. Oxidative stress is considered a main factor in the pathogenesis of severe headache or migraine. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a score calculated using six dietary antioxidant components (including vitamins A, C, E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoid), which represents a person's level of dietary antioxidant ingredients. Based on the theory of oxidative stress, we speculated that CDAIs may be relevant to the risk of severe headache or migraine, as the relationship between the CDAI and severe headache or migraine is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the CDAI and severe headache or migraine in participants.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that were collected from 2001 to 2004. A total of 4,943 participants were included, of whom 1,232 experienced severe headaches or migraines. Participants' CDAIs were calculated based on their intake of six dietary antioxidants. We used logistic regression models, limited cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis to assess the association of CDAI with severe headache or migraine.

Results

The multivariate logistic regression model (correcting for all potential covariates) revealed that the odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) for the association between CDAI and severe headache or migraine was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.95-1.00, p = 0.048). Compared with individuals with low CDAIs in Quartile (Q)1, the adjusted Odds Ratio between the CDAI and severe headache or migraine in Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.84 (95% CI = 0.69-1.01, p = 0.07), 0.77 (95% CI = 0.63-0.96, p = 0.017), and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.56-0.95, p = 0.02), respectively. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed an L-shaped relationship between the CDAI and severe headache or migraine.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that higher CDAI was associated with a lower risk of severe headache or migraine.

Linear association of compound dietary antioxidant index with hyperlipidemia: a cross-sectional study

Background

There is growing evidence that antioxidant-rich diets may prevent hyperlipidemia. However, the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and hyperlipidemia is unclear. The CDAI is a composite score reflecting the antioxidant content of an individual's diet, and this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CDAI and hyperlipidemia.

Methods

The study used the 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for cross-sectional analyses and included 27,626 participants aged 20 years and older. The CDAI, which includes vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, was calculated based on dietary intake reported in a 24-h recall interview. Hyperlipidemia was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Covariates included age, sex, race, education, marriage, household poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), energy, carbohydrates, total fat, cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and lipid-lowering medications. The association between CDAI and hyperlipidemia was explored through multiple logistic regression analyses and smoothed curve fitting. We also performed subgroup analyses and interaction tests to verify the relationship's stability.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, CDAI was negatively associated with the risk of developing hyperlipidemia (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, p < 0.01). The results of weighted regression models stratified by quartiles of CDAI (-8.664 ≤ Q1 ≤ -2.209, -2.209 < Q2 ≤ -0.002, -0.002 < Q3 ≤ 2.774, 2.774 < Q4 ≤ 124.284), fully adjusted for confounding variables, indicated that compared with the bottom quartile (Q1) of the CDAI, Q2, Q3, and Q4 of participants had a lower advantage ratio (Q2: OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78-1.06, p < 0.21; Q3: OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-1.00, p < 0.05; and Q4: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.94, p < 0.01), which was confirmed by a test for trend (p < 0.05). Smoothed curve fit analysis showed linearity (p for non-linear = 0.0912). In summary, there is a linear negative relationship between CDAI and the risk of developing hyperlipidemia. Subgroup analyses by age, sex, ethnicity, education level, marriage, tobacco status, alcoholic drinking, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and diabetes did not indicate strong interactions.

Conclusion

In this large cross-sectional study, there was a linear negative association between CDAI and hyperlipidemia among US adults. Therefore increase antioxidant rich foods in your life as a prevention of hyperlipidemia.