1
|
Alowais M, Rudd G, Besa V, Nazar H, Shah T, Tolley C. Digital literacy in undergraduate pharmacy education: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:732-745. [PMID: 38055635 PMCID: PMC10873839 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conduct a scoping review to identify the approaches used to integrate digital literacy into undergraduate pharmacy programs across different countries, focusing on methods for education, training, and assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, we searched 5 electronic databases in June 2022: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL. Three independent reviewers screened all articles; data extraction was conducted by 2 reviewers. Any discrepancies were arbitrated by 2 additional reviewers. RESULTS Out of 624 articles, 57 were included in this review. Educational and training approaches for digital literacy in undergraduate pharmacy programs encompassed a theoretical understanding of health informatics, familiarization with diverse digital technologies, and applied informatics in 2 domains: patient-centric care through digital technologies, and the utilization of digital technologies in interprofessional collaboration. Blended pedagogical strategies were commonly employed. Assessment approaches included patient plan development requiring digital information retrieval, critical appraisal of digital tools, live evaluations of telehealth skills, and quizzes and exams on health informatics concepts. External engagement with system developers, suppliers, and other institutes supported successful digital literacy education. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This scoping review identifies various learning objectives, teaching, and assessment strategies to incorporate digital literacy in undergraduate pharmacy curricula. Recommendations include acknowledging the evolving digital health landscape, ensuring constructive alignment between learning objectives, teaching approach and assessments, co-development of digital literacy courses with stakeholders, and using standardized guidelines for reporting educational interventions. This study provides practical suggestions for enhancing digital literacy education in undergraduate pharmacy programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashael Alowais
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgina Rudd
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Besa
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Hamde Nazar
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Tejal Shah
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Tolley
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phanudulkitti C, Puengrung S, Meepong R, Vanderboll K, Farris KB, Vordenberg SE. A systematic review on the use of virtual patient and computer-based simulation for experiential pharmacy education. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 11:100316. [PMID: 37635840 PMCID: PMC10450516 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Simulation use is rapidly expanding, with technologies like virtual patients (VPs) and computer-based simulation (CBS) allowing for educators to equip pharmacy students with the necessary skills that are aligned with the demands and expectations of a practicing pharmacy professional. These technologies enable pharmacy students to be exposed to challenging or infrequent patient case scenarios in an authentic pharmacy setting. This allows for the reinforcing of care processes and for techniques and crucial skills to be applied. Aim of the study To consolidate the existing evidence regarding the utilization of VPs and CBS in preparing and supporting students in pharmacy experiential education and evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches in enhancing student pharmacists' learning outcomes, including knowledge, skills, confidence, enjoyment, and engagement. Methods Five electronic databases were searched using combined keyword and indexing terms (when available) with Boolean operators for the literature search. Studies that reported or investigated the use of VPs and CBS in pharmacy experiential education were included. Data on study design, demographics of participants, information on the interventions, course/skills, primary and secondary outcomes, and qualitative findings were extracted. Results A total of 911 unique articles were initially identified and filtered down to 19 articles fitting within the inclusion criteria. The selected 19 articles involved student pharmacists (Y1-Y5) and pre-registered pharmacists from ten countries. Simulation tools were used in various pharmacy courses, including Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE), Advanced Pharmaceutical Care II, and Medication Management. Implementing these tools in pharmacy experiential education demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in student knowledge (p < 0.05). Most students agreed/strongly agreed that practicing with virtual patient cases enhanced their clinical reasoning, counseling skills, confidence in communication, and attitudes toward the courses. Conclusions This systematic review supports the use of VPs and CBS in pharmacy experiential education and provides practical recommendations for educators including selecting suitable tools, implementing them strategically within courses, integrating them with existing activities, and considering financial and IT support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chamipa Phanudulkitti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long Had Bangsaen Rd, Saen Suk, Chon Buri District, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Surangkana Puengrung
- Independent Researcher, 502 Charunsanitwong 79, Bangphlat District, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Rittnarong Meepong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long Had Bangsaen Rd, Saen Suk, Chon Buri District, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Kathryn Vanderboll
- Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, 1135 E Cahterine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5726, United States of America
| | - Karen Bell Farris
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Vordenberg
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sawik B, Tobis S, Baum E, Suwalska A, Kropińska S, Stachnik K, Pérez-Bernabeu E, Cildoz M, Agustin A, Wieczorowska-Tobis K. Robots for Elderly Care: Review, Multi-Criteria Optimization Model and Qualitative Case Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091286. [PMID: 37174828 PMCID: PMC10178192 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on three areas: the first is a review of current knowledge about social and service robots for elderly care. The second is an optimization conceptual model aimed at maximizing the efficiency of assigning robots to serve the elderly. The proposed multi-criteria optimization model is the first one proposed in the area of optimization for robot assignment for the elderly with robot utilization level and caregiver stress level. The third is the findings of studies on the needs, requirements, and adoption of technology in elderly care. We consider the use of robots as a part of the ENRICHME project for long-term interaction and monitoring of older persons with mild cognitive impairment, to optimize their independence. Additionally, we performed focus group discussions (FGD) to collect opinions about robot-related requirements of the elderly and their caregivers. Four FDGs of six persons were organized: two comprising older adults, and two of the other formal and informal caregivers, based on a detailed script. The statements of older participants and their caregivers were consistent in several areas. The analysis revealed user characteristics, robot-related issues, functionality, and barriers to overcome before the deployment of the robot. An introduction of the robot must be thoroughly planned, include comprehensive pre-training, and take the ethical and practical issues into account. The involvement of future users in the customization of the robot is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Sawik
- Department of Business Informatics and Engineering Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Smart Cities, Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sławomir Tobis
- Occupational Therapy Unit, Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Swiecickiego 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suwalska
- Department of Mental Health, Chair of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kropińska
- Geriatrics Unit, Chair of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, os. Rusa 55, 61-245 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stachnik
- Geriatrics Unit, Chair of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, os. Rusa 55, 61-245 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elena Pérez-Bernabeu
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrandiz y Carbonell, sn, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Marta Cildoz
- Institute of Smart Cities, Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alba Agustin
- Institute of Smart Cities, Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis
- Geriatrics Unit, Chair of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, os. Rusa 55, 61-245 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patient Perceptions on Receiving Vaccination Services through Community Pharmacies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052538. [PMID: 35270231 PMCID: PMC8909877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Pharmacists are medical professionals who play an active role in the protection of public health. Since 2021, pharmacists with an appropriate certification have been authorised to administer vaccines against COVID-19. (2) Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the perceptions of patients about receiving vaccinations through community pharmacies. (3) Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2021. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire published on the websites of patient organisations. Ultimately, 1062 patients participated in this study. (4) Results: This study shows that most of the respondents find community pharmacies more accessible than outpatient clinics (85.3%). Sixty-one percent of the respondents stated that getting vaccinated at pharmacies would be less time consuming than at outpatient clinics. Nearly every third respondent (29.5%) declared that they would get vaccinated if they received such a recommendation from a pharmacist. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were of the opinion that the administration of vaccines by pharmacists would relieve the burden on medical staff and the healthcare system. (5) Conclusions: Polish patients participating in the study have a positive attitude towards the implementation of vaccination services in community pharmacies as an effective way of combating infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Perez H, Neubauer N, Marshall S, Philip S, Miguel-Cruz A, Liu L. Barriers and Benefits of Information Communication Technologies Used by Health Care Aides. Appl Clin Inform 2022; 13:270-286. [PMID: 35263800 PMCID: PMC8906996 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although information and communication technologies (ICT) are becoming more common among health care providers, there is little evidence on how ICT can support health care aides. Health care aides, also known as personal care workers, are unlicensed service providers who encompass the second largest workforce, next to nurses, that provide care to older adults in Canada. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this literature review is to examine the range and extent of barriers and benefits of ICT used by health care workers to manage and coordinate the care-delivery workflow for their clients. METHODS We conducted a literature review to examine the range and extent of ICT used by health care aides to manage and coordinate their care delivery, workflow, and activities. We identified 8,958 studies of which 40 were included for descriptive analyses. RESULTS We distinguished the following five different purposes for the use and implementation of ICT by health care aides: (1) improve everyday work, (2) access electronic health records for home care, (3) facilitate client assessment and care planning, (4) enhance communication, and (5) provide care remotely. We identified 128 barriers and 130 benefits related to adopting ICT. Most of the barriers referred to incomplete hardware and software features, time-consuming ICT adoption, heavy or increased workloads, perceived lack of usefulness of ICT, cost or budget restrictions, security and privacy concerns, and lack of integration with technologies. The benefits for health care aides' adoption of ICT were improvements in communication, support to workflows and processes, improvements in resource planning and health care aides' services, and improvements in access to information and documentation. CONCLUSION Health care aides are an essential part of the health care system. They provide one-on-one care to their clients in everyday tasks. Despite the scarce information related to health care aides, we identified many benefits of ICT adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Perez
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Noelannah Neubauer
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Samantha Marshall
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Serrina Philip
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Antonio Miguel-Cruz
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada.,Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton (AB), Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton (AB), Canada
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A scoping review of the changing landscape of geriatric medicine in undergraduate medical education: curricula, topics and teaching methods. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:513-528. [PMID: 34973151 PMCID: PMC8720165 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The world's population is ageing. Therefore, every doctor should receive geriatric medicine training during their undergraduate education. This review aims to summarise recent developments in geriatric medicine that will potentially inform developments and updating of undergraduate medical curricula for geriatric content. METHODS We systematically searched the electronic databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Pubmed, from 1st January 2009 to 18th May 2021. We included studies related to (1) undergraduate medical students and (2) geriatric medicine or ageing or older adults and (3) curriculum or curriculum topics or learning objectives or competencies or teaching methods or students' attitudes and (4) published in a scientific journal. No language restrictions were applied. RESULTS We identified 2503 records and assessed the full texts of 393 records for eligibility with 367 records included in the thematic analysis. Six major themes emerged: curriculum, topics, teaching methods, teaching settings, medical students' skills and medical students' attitudes. New curricula focussed on minimum Geriatrics Competencies, Geriatric Psychiatry and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; vertical integration of Geriatric Medicine into the curriculum has been advocated. Emerging or evolving topics included delirium, pharmacotherapeutics, healthy ageing and health promotion, and Telemedicine. Teaching methods emphasised interprofessional education, senior mentor programmes and intergenerational contact, student journaling and reflective writing, simulation, clinical placements and e-learning. Nursing homes featured among new teaching settings. Communication skills, empathy and professionalism were highlighted as essential skills for interacting with older adults. CONCLUSION We recommend that future undergraduate medical curricula in Geriatric Medicine should take into account recent developments described in this paper. In addition to including newly emerged topics and advances in existing topics, different teaching settings and methods should also be considered. Employing vertical integration throughout the undergraduate course can usefully supplement learning achieved in a dedicated Geriatric Medicine undergraduate course. Interprofessional education can improve understanding of the roles of other professionals and improve team-working skills. A focus on improving communication skills and empathy should particularly enable better interaction with older patients. Embedding expected levels of Geriatric competencies should ensure that medical students have acquired the skills necessary to effectively treat older patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey on Medication Safety in Korean Older Adults: An Analysis of an Ageing Society. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101365. [PMID: 34683048 PMCID: PMC8544505 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Older adults have certain limitations in acquiring and understanding information regarding medication safety. This study surveyed their medication habits and analysed the importance of relevant education to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP). Methods: Our survey included adults aged 65 years or older. We developed a questionnaire on medication safety based on the KAP model. To identify the interrelationships among KAP, we calculated the correlation coefficients using Pearson’s correlation analysis. A t-test was performed to verify the differences in KAP associated with the respondents’ medication safety education experience. Results: We found that 79.4% of respondents self-administered their medications. Of the respondents, 28.2% had received medication safety education. Overall, the respondents had typical levels of knowledge, attitude responses, and behavioural practices associated with medication safety. The results showed significant differences between knowledge and practice; those who were educated on medication safety performed higher levels of safe practice than those who were not (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The KAP survey confirmed that knowledge about the safe use of medication positively affected older adults’ attitudes and practices. To improve their medication usage habits, older adults should receive well-organised medication safety education.
Collapse
|