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Puljiz Z, Kumric M, Borovina Marasovic T, Mastelic T, Rakusic M, Pavela G, Beg A, Glavina T, Mornar M, Supe Domic D, Vilovic M, Zucko J, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Physical Activity, and Advanced Glycation End Products in Complex PTSD: A Comprehensive Examination of Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk in War Veterans. Nutrients 2024; 16:1791. [PMID: 38892723 PMCID: PMC11174454 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As accumulated evidence suggests that individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encounter earlier and more frequent occurrences of cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this study was to ascertain the differences in lifestyle and cardiovascular risk between PTSD and complex PTSD patients. We enrolled 137 male war veterans with PTSD (89 had complex PTSD). The diagnosis was established based on 11th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and cardiovascular risk was estimated by the measurement of advanced glycation end products. Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was lower in the complex PTSD group (2.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.015). Accordingly, patients with complex PTSD had lower healthy lifestyle scores in comparison to PTSD counterparts (50.6 ± 9.7 vs. 59.6 ± 10.1, p < 0.001), and a positive association was noted between MD adherence and a healthy lifestyle (r = 0.183, p = 0.022). On the other hand, differences were not noted in terms of physical activity (p = 0.424), fat % (p = 0.571) or cardiovascular risk (p = 0.573). Although complex PTSD patients exhibit worse adherence to MD and lower healthy lifestyle scores, these differences do not seem to impact physical activity, body composition, or estimated cardiovascular risk. More research is needed to clarify if this lack of association accurately reflects the state of the PTSD population or results from insufficient statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivana Puljiz
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonka Borovina Marasovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Tonci Mastelic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Mihaela Rakusic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Goran Pavela
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Andelko Beg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Trpimir Glavina
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Mornar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Supe Domic
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Leysen H, Walter D, Clauwaert L, Hellemans L, van Gastel J, Vasudevan L, Martin B, Maudsley S. The Relaxin-3 Receptor, RXFP3, Is a Modulator of Aging-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4387. [PMID: 35457203 PMCID: PMC9027355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the aging process our body becomes less well equipped to deal with cellular stress, resulting in an increase in unrepaired damage. This causes varying degrees of impaired functionality and an increased risk of mortality. One of the most effective anti-aging strategies involves interventions that combine simultaneous glucometabolic support with augmented DNA damage protection/repair. Thus, it seems prudent to develop therapeutic strategies that target this combinatorial approach. Studies have shown that the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activating protein GIT2 (GIT2) acts as a keystone protein in the aging process. GIT2 can control both DNA repair and glucose metabolism. Through in vivo co-regulation analyses it was found that GIT2 forms a close coexpression-based relationship with the relaxin-3 receptor (RXFP3). Cellular RXFP3 expression is directly affected by DNA damage and oxidative stress. Overexpression or stimulation of this receptor, by its endogenous ligand relaxin 3 (RLN3), can regulate the DNA damage response and repair processes. Interestingly, RLN3 is an insulin-like peptide and has been shown to control multiple disease processes linked to aging mechanisms, e.g., anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction, appetite, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the various roles of RXFP3/RLN3 signaling in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (J.v.G.)
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (J.v.G.)
| | - Lore Clauwaert
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (J.v.G.)
| | - Lieselot Hellemans
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (J.v.G.)
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (J.v.G.)
- SGS Belgium, Intercity Business Park, Generaal De Wittelaan 19-A5, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (L.C.); (L.H.); (J.v.G.)
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