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Bakki M, Banane B, Marhane O, Esmaeel Q, Hatimi A, Barka EA, Azim K, Bouizgarne B. Phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas and Bacillus combined with rock phosphates promoting tomato growth and reducing bacterial canker disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1289466. [PMID: 38765677 PMCID: PMC11100333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1289466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, sustainable agriculture approaches are based on the use of biofertilizers and biopesticides. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) rhizosphere could provide rhizobacteria with biofertilizing and biopesticide properties. In this study, bacteria from the rhizosphere of tomato were evaluated in vitro for plant growth promotion (PGP) properties. Five Pseudomonas isolates (PsT-04c, PsT-94s, PsT-116, PsT-124, and PsT-130) and one Bacillus isolate (BaT-68s), with the highest ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were selected for further molecular identification and characterization. Isolates showed phosphate solubilization up to 195.42 μg mL-1. All isolates showed phosphate solubilization by organic acid production. The six isolates improved seed germination and showed effective root colonization when tomato seeds were coated with isolates at 106 cfu g-1 in axenic soil conditions. Furthermore, the selected isolates were tested for beneficial effects on tomato growth and nutrient status in greenhouse experiments with natural rock phosphate (RP). The results showed that inoculated tomato plants in the presence of RP have a higher shoot and root lengths and weights compared with the control. After 60 days, significant increases in plant Ca, Na, P, protein, and sugar contents were also observed in inoculated seedlings. In addition, inoculated tomato seedlings showed an increase in foliar chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll, while no significant changes were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. In greenhouse, two Pseudomonas isolates, PsT-04c and PsT-130, showed ability to trigger induced systemic resistance in inoculated tomato seedlings when subsequently challenged by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker. High protection rate (75%) was concomitant to an increase in the resistance indicators: total soluble phenolic compounds, phenylalanine-ammonia lyase, and H2O2. The results strongly demonstrated the effectiveness of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria adapted to rhizosphere as biofertilizers for tomato crops and biopesticides by inducing systemic resistance to the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bakki
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology “Biotechnologies Végétales”, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr (UIZ), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Badra Banane
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology “Biotechnologies Végétales”, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr (UIZ), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Omaima Marhane
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology “Biotechnologies Végétales”, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr (UIZ), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio Protection des Plantes, EA 4707 – USC INRAe1488, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Abdelhakim Hatimi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology “Biotechnologies Végétales”, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr (UIZ), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio Protection des Plantes, EA 4707 – USC INRAe1488, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Khalid Azim
- Integrated Crop Production Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Brahim Bouizgarne
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology “Biotechnologies Végétales”, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr (UIZ), Agadir, Morocco
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Kawaguchi A, Kitabayashi S, Inoue K, Tanina K. A PHLID Model for Tomato Bacterial Canker Predicting on Epidemics of the Pathogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112099. [PMID: 37299079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A pathogen, healthy, latently infected, infectious, and diseased plant (PHLID) model for botanical epidemics was defined for tomato bacterial canker (TBC) caused by the pathogenic plant bacteria, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). First, the incubation period had to be defined to develop this type of model. To estimate the parameter of incubation period, inoculation experiments were conducted in which it was assumed that infection is transferred to healthy plants by cutting with contaminated scissors after cutting infected plants with early symptoms or symptomless. The concentration of Cmm was increased over 1 × 106 cells/g plant tissue at 20 cm away from the inoculated point on the stem 10 days after inoculation, and then the approximate incubation period of TBC in symptomless infected plants was defined as 10 days. The developed PHLID model showed the dynamics of diseased plants incidence and fitted the curve of the proportion of diseased plants observed in fields well. This model also contains the factors of pathogen and disease control, and it was able to simulate the control effects and combined two different control methods, which were the soil and scissors disinfections to prevent primary and secondary transmissions, respectively. Thus, this PHLID model for TBC can be used to simulate not only the increasing number of diseased plants but also suppressing disease increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (WARC) (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Fukuyama 721-8514, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shoya Kitabayashi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (WARC) (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Fukuyama 721-8514, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Akaiwa 709-0801, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Tanina
- Okayama Agriculture Development Institute, Akaiwa 701-2221, Okayama, Japan
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Nishioka T, Takai Y, Mishima T, Tanimoto H, Okada K, Misawa T, Kusakari S. Inactivation efficacy of low-pressure plasma treatment against seed-borne tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis and effect of seed setting position and mesh sheet usage. JOURNAL OF MICROORGANISM CONTROL 2023; 28:123-128. [PMID: 37866894 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.3_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Clavibacter michiganensis, a gram-positive actinomycete, is a major seed-borne tomato pathogen. We investigated the inactivation efficacy of low-pressure plasma treatment against C. michiganensis inoculated on tomato seeds by placing them on a mesh sheet above the bottom dielectric glass plate. The 2- and 5-minute plasma treatment reduced C. michiganensis populations on the tomato seeds by 0.8 and 1.8 log cfu/seed, respectively. The reduction rates were similar to those of C. michiganensis on shirona (cruciferous) seeds, which have different shapes and surface structures. In contrast, the inactivation of C. michiganensis cells using plasma was more difficult than that of X. campestris cells. Additionally, it was found that placing seeds on a mesh sheet laid on the dielectric glass plate was remarkably effective in inactivating the pathogens on tomato seeds. Since the tomato seeds were susceptible to damage from plasma treatment, methods to reduce its damage need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumi Nishioka
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
| | - Yuichiro Takai
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
| | - Tomoko Mishima
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
- Present address: Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki
| | - Hideo Tanimoto
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
| | - Kiyotsugu Okada
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
| | | | - Shinichi Kusakari
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Song J, Lyu M, Chen R, Zhang L. Comparative genomic analyses reveal genetic characteristics and pathogenic factors of Bacillus pumilus HM-7. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008648. [PMID: 36419435 PMCID: PMC9677121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus plays an important role in industrial application and biocontrol activities, as well as causing humans and plants disease, leading to economic losses and biosafety concerns. However, until now, the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of B. pumilus strains remain unclear. In our previous study, one representative isolate of B. pumilus named HM-7 has been recovered and proved to be the causal agent of fruit rot on muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Herein, we present a complete and annotated genome sequence of HM-7 that contains 4,111 coding genes in a single 3,951,520 bp chromosome with 41.04% GC content. A total of 3,481 genes were functionally annotated with the GO, COG, and KEGG databases. Pan-core genome analysis of HM-7 and 20 representative B. pumilus strains, as well as six closely related Bacillus species, discovered 740 core genes and 15,205 genes in the pan-genome of 21 B. pumilus strains, in which 485 specific-genes were identified in HM-7 genome. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), and whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that HM-7 was most closely related to the C4, GR8, MTCC-B6033, TUAT1 and SH-B11 strains, but evolutionarily distinct from other strains in B. pumilus. Collinearity analysis of the six similar B. pumilus strains showed high levels of synteny but also several divergent regions for each strains. In the HM-7 genome, we identified 484 genes in the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) class, 650 genes encoding virulence factors, and 1,115 genes associated with pathogen-host interactions. Moreover, three HM-7-specific regions were determined, which contained 424 protein-coding genes. Further investigation of these genes showed that 19 pathogenesis-related genes were mainly associated with flagella formation and secretion of toxic products, which might be involved in the virulence of strain HM-7. Our results provided detailed genomic and taxonomic information for the HM-7 strain, and discovered its potential pathogenic mechanism, which lay a foundation for developing effective prevention and control strategies against this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Song
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Zhang,
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