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Shrestha R, Rijal RK, Kausar N, Shrestha O, Rajkarnikar S, Chaudhary R, Shrestha KL, Khadka S. Acute Conjunctivitis among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2024; 62:24-26. [PMID: 38410017 PMCID: PMC10924492 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conjunctivitis is a highly prevalent ocular disease that flares up every year. The humidity and high temperature favour the causative agents responsible for the epidemic. Acute infective conjunctivitis may be either viral or bacterial, a distinct type of condition with unique clinical features and treatment approaches. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of acute conjunctivitis among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology. Data of 30 August 2023 to 30 September 2023 was collected between 21 November 2023 to 24 November 2023. All patients presenting in the Ophthalmology Department having complete hospital record were included in the study. Patients having missing data on the medical records of the hospital were excluded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results Among 5,507 patients, acute conjunctivitis was seen in 1240 (22.52%) (21.42-23.62, 95% Confidence Interval). The majority were male 732 (59.03%) and adults 760 (61.29%) with a mean age of 32.56±18.74 years. Conclusions The prevalence of conjunctivitis among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Opthalmology was found to be higher than other studies done in similar settings. Keywords conjunctivitis; disease outbreaks; enterovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshija Khanal Rijal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shreekrishna Netralaya, Rudrapath, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Neyaz Kausar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nepal Eye Hospital, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Oshan Shrestha
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Sanobnaryang, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sagar Rajkarnikar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Raina Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Sanobharyang, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Sitaram Khadka
- Health Service Division, Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Muto T, Imaizumi S, Kamoi K. Viral Conjunctivitis. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030676. [PMID: 36992385 PMCID: PMC10057170 DOI: 10.3390/v15030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses account for 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis and adenovirus; enterovirus and herpes virus are the common causative agents. In general, viral conjunctivitis spreads easily. Therefore, to control the spread, it is crucial to quickly diagnose illnesses, strictly implement hand washing laws, and sanitize surfaces. Swelling of the lid margin and ciliary injection are subjective symptoms, and eye discharge is frequently serofibrinous. Preauricular lymph node swelling can occasionally occur. Approximately 80% of cases of viral conjunctivitis are caused by adenoviruses. Adenoviral conjunctivitis may become a big global concern and may cause a pandemic. Diagnosis of herpes simplex viral conjunctivitis is crucial for using corticosteroid eye solution as a treatment for adenovirus conjunctivitis. Although specific treatments are not always accessible, early diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis may help to alleviate short-term symptoms and avoid long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuaya Muto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya 343-8555, Japan
- Imaizumi Eye Hospital, Koriyama 963-8877, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Koju Kamoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Yeo D, Hossain MI, Jung S, Wang Z, Seo Y, Woo S, Park S, Seo DJ, Rhee MS, Choi C. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of human enteric emerging viruses in porcine stool samples in the Republic of Korea. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:913622. [PMID: 36246307 PMCID: PMC9563253 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.913622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EID) in humans and animals are proving to be a serious health concern. This study investigated the prevalence of emerging or re-emerging human enteric viruses in porcine stools and swabs. Eleven enteric EID viruses were selected as target viruses for the current study and ranked based on their impact on public health and food safety: enterovirus (EV), hepatitis E virus, norovirus GI and GII, sapovirus (SaV), adenovirus (AdV), astrovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, aichivirus, and bocavirus. Using real-time RT-PCR or real-time PCR, EID viruses were detected in 129 (86.0%) of 150 samples. The most prevalent virus was EV, which was detected in 68.0% of samples, followed by AdV with a detection rate of 38.0%. In following sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, 33.0% (58/176) of the detected viruses were associated with human enteric EID viruses, including AdV-41, coxsackievirus-A2, echovirus-24, and SaV. Our results show that porcine stools frequently contain human enteric viruses, and that few porcine enteric viruses are genetically related to human enteric viruses. These findings suggest that enteric re-emerging or EID viruses could be zoonoses, and that continuous monitoring and further studies are needed to ensure an integrated “One Health” approach that aims to balance and optimize the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daseul Yeo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Md. Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Soontag Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Yeeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Seoyoung Woo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
| | - Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, South Korea
- Bio and Environmental Technology Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Changsun Choi
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Human Health Impact Analysis of Contaminant in IoT-Enabled Water Distributed Networks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to assess and analyze the health impact of consuming contaminated drinking water in a water distributed system (WDS). The analysis was based on qualitative simulation performed in two different models named hydraulic and water quality in a WDS. The computation focuses on quantitative analysis for chemically contaminated water impacts by analyzing the dose level in various locations in the water network and the mass of the substance that entered the human body. Several numerical experiments have been applied to evaluate the impact of water pollution on human life. They analyzed the impact on human life according to various factors, including the location of the injected node (pollution occurrence) and the ingested dose level. The results show a significant impact of water contaminant on human life in multiple areas in the water network, and the level of this impact changed from one location to another in WDSs based on several factors such as the location of the pollution occurrence, the contaminant concentration, and the dose level. In order to reduce the impact of this contaminant, water quality sensors have been used and deployed on the water network to help detect this contaminant. The sensors were optimally deployed based on the time-detection of water contamination and the volume of polluted water consumed. Numerical experiments were carried out to compare water pollution’s impact with and without using water quality sensors. The results show that the health impact was reduced by up to 98.37% by using water quality sensors.
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Liu H, Li C, Shao Y, Zhang X, Zhai Z, Wang X, Qi X, Wang J, Hao Y, Wu Q, Jiao M. Forecast of the trend in incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in China from 2011-2019 using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ETS) models. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:287-294. [PMID: 31953020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the demographic and distributive features of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). We constructed seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and exponential smoothing (ETS) models to predict its trend in incidence in mainland China and provided evidence for the government to formulate policies regarding AHC prevention. METHODS Data regarding the distribution and demographic characteristics of AHC in China from 2011-2016 were retrieved from the Public Health Scientific Data website. Monthly AHC data from January 2011 to June 2019 were used to establish and evaluate the SARIMA and ETS models. RESULTS During 2011-2016, a total of 213,325 cases were reported; 46.01% were farmers, patients aged ≤9 years had the highest risk, and the male:female ratio was 1.31:1. Guangxi and Guangdong had the highest number of reported AHC cases. The SARIMA (0, 0, 1) (2, 0, 0) 12 model with the minimum root mean squared error and mean absolute percentage error were finally selected for in-sample simulation. CONCLUSIONS AHC remains a serious public health problem in Southern and Eastern China that mainly affects farmers and children younger than 9 years. It is recommended that the health administration strengthen the publicity and education regarding AHC prevention among farmers and accelerate the development of related vaccines and treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingqi Shao
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinye Qi
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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