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Kim KB, Choe H, Sung H. Effects of Individualized Exercise on Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:20-26. [PMID: 38185697 PMCID: PMC11000518 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise intervention is effective in alleviating the severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results of previous studies on the effect of exercise on MetS have demonstrated considerable individual variability in response to a specific dose of exercise, which was attributed to the lack of a personalized approach to exercise prescription. It is essential to consider individual factors to enhance the effectiveness of exercise in addressing MetS. This scoping review assesses the effectiveness of individualized exercise on the risk factors associated with MetS. Various databases and articles were examined based on eligibility criteria and nine studies were chosen for this review. Personal and adjusted factors were predominantly analyzed to tailor exercise prescriptions to individual needs. This review proposes that personal factors can be classified into three categories: fixed factors, adaptation factors, and response factors, considering both clinical and exercise science perspectives. It also suggests that a two-way communication approach between specialists and individuals is more effective for prescribing exercise to address MetS compared to a one-way method. A one-way communication approach relies solely on an expert's decision, even whether or not he or she fully considers a client's lifestyle and preferences. If the individualized selection of exercise prescriptions is achieved through two-way communication between specialists and subjects, significant improvements can be expected in terms of both MetS severity and exercise adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Bae Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harim Choe
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyong Sung
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea
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Maximum Heart Rate- and Lactate Threshold-Based Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Prescriptions Provide Similar Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050711. [PMID: 36900716 PMCID: PMC10000820 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an integral part of metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment. Recently, low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT) has emerged as a time-efficient approach to improving cardiometabolic health. Intensity prescriptions for LOW-HIIT are typically based on maximum heart rate (HRmax) percentages. However, HRmax determination requires maximal effort during exercise testing, which may not always be feasible/safe for MetS patients. This trial compared the effects of a 12-week LOW-HIIT program based on: (a) HRmax (HIIT-HR), or (b) submaximal lactate threshold (HIIT-LT), on cardiometabolic health and quality of life (QoL) in MetS patients. Seventy-five patients were randomized to HIIT-HR (5 × 1 min at 80-95% HRmax), HIIT-LT (5 × 1 min at 95-105% LT) groups, both performed twice weekly on cycle ergometers, or a control group (CON). All patients received nutritional weight loss consultation. All groups reduced their body weight (HIIT-HR: -3.9 kg, p < 0.001; HTT-LT: -5.6 kg, p < 0.001; CON: -2.6 kg, p = 0.003). The HIIT-HR and HIIT-LT groups similarly, improved their maximal oxygen uptake (+3.6 and +3.7 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001), glycohemoglobin (-0.2%, p = 0.005, and -0.3%, p < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment index (-1.3 units, p = 0.005, and -1.0 units, p = 0.014), MetS z-score (-1.9 and -2.5 units, p < 0.001) and QoL (+10 points, p = 0.029, and +11 points, p = 0.002), while the CON did not experience changes in these variables. We conclude that HIIT-LT is a viable alternative to HIIT-HR for patients who are not able/willing to undergo maximal exercise testing.
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Harris NK. The Effects of a Single Session of High Intensity Functional Training on Energy Expenditure, VO 2, and Blood Lactate. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:545-554. [PMID: 36523893 PMCID: PMC9741724 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we used both indirect calorimetry and blood lactate levels to calculate EE of a single session of HIFT. The HIFT session included four, 6-minute sets of consecutive functional exercises. Examples of the exercises involved were squats, deadlifts, suspension rows, suspension chest press, and planks. Intensity is described relative to individual ventilatory thresholds. The total group EE was 270.3 ± 77.3 kcal with approximately 5% attributed anaerobic energy production. VO2 ranged between 88.8 ± 12.3% and 99 ± 12% of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), indicating a vigorous effort. After each work interval, peak blood lactate ranged between 7.9 ± 1.9 and 9.3 ± 2.9 mmol, and rate of perceived exertion between 6.9 ± 1.0 and 8.7 ± 0.8 arbitrary units from 1-10. These were achieved in approximately 46 minutes of exercise per participant. In conclusion, HIFT elicits the energy expenditure and effort requisite to result in the adaptive responses to produce the known suite of benefits of exercise for individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Smith
- Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA, Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Gary P. Van Guilder
- Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Lance C. Dalleck
- Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Nigel K. Harris
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Harris NK. The Effects of a Single Session of High Intensity Functional Training on Energy Expenditure, VO2, and Blood Lactate. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we used both indirect calorimetry and blood lactate levels to calculate EE of a single session of HIFT. The HIFT session included four, 6-minute sets of consecutive functional exercises. Examples of the exercises involved were squats, deadlifts, suspension rows, suspension chest press, and planks. Intensity is described relative to individual ventilatory thresholds. The total group EE was 270.3 ± 77.3 kcal with approximately 5% attributed anaerobic energy production. VO2 ranged between 88.8 ± 12.3% and 99 ± 12% of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), indicating a vigorous effort. After each work interval, peak blood lactate ranged between 7.9 ± 1.9 and 9.3 ± 2.9 mmol, and rate of perceived exertion between 6.9 ± 1.0 and 8.7 ± 0.8 arbitrary units from 1-10. These were achieved in approximately 46 minutes of exercise per participant. In conclusion, HIFT elicits the energy expenditure and effort requisite to result in the adaptive responses to produce the known suite of benefits of exercise for individuals with MetS.
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Martini AD, Dalleck LC, Mejuto G, Larwood T, Weatherwax RM, Ramos JS. Changes in the Second Ventilatory Threshold Following Individualised versus Standardised Exercise Prescription among Physically Inactive Adults: A Randomised Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073962. [PMID: 35409646 PMCID: PMC8997390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The second ventilatory threshold (VT2) is established as an important indicator of exercise intensity tolerance. A higher VT2 allows for greater duration of higher intensity exercise participation and subsequently greater reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of standardised and individualised exercise prescription on VT2 among physically inactive adults. Forty-nine physically inactive male and female participants (48.6 ± 11.5 years) were recruited and randomised into a 12-week standardised (n = 25) or individualised (n = 24) exercise prescription intervention. The exercise intensity for the standardised and individualised groups was prescribed as a percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR) or relative to the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) and VT2, respectively. Participants were required to complete a maximal graded exercise test at pre-and post-intervention to determine VT1 and VT2. Participants were categorised as responders to the intervention if an absolute VT2 change of at least 1.9% was attained. Thirty-eight participants were included in the analysis. A significant difference in VT2 change was found between individualised (pre vs. post: 70.6% vs. 78.7% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and standardised (pre vs. post: 72.5% vs. 72.3% VO2max) exercise groups. Individualised exercise prescription was significantly more efficacious (p = 0.04) in eliciting a positive response in VT2 (15/19, 79%) when compared to the standardised exercise group (9/19, 47%). Individualised exercise prescription appears to be more efficacious than standardised exercise prescription in eliciting a positive VT2 change among physically inactive adults. Increasing VT2 allows for greater tolerance to higher exercise intensities and therefore greater cardiovascular health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Martini
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Lance C. Dalleck
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
- Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA
| | - Gaizka Mejuto
- Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Trent Larwood
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Ryan M. Weatherwax
- Health and Kinesiology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Joyce S. Ramos
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Bonafiglia JT, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665044. [PMID: 34819869 PMCID: PMC8606564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as "responders" or "non-responders." The extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Methods: We searched six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ESIR) to examine the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that larger mean changes produce larger response rates. Results: Our search revealed 3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of interindividual differences in trainability because several ESIR values lay above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes significantly (both p < 0.01) inflated response rates. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID when classifying individual responses to exercise training. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Orizola-Cáceres I, Cerda-Kohler H, Burgos-Jara C, Meneses-Valdes R, Gutierrez-Pino R, Sepúlveda C. Modified Talk Test: a Randomized Cross-over Trial Investigating the Comparative Utility of Two "Talk Tests" for Determining Aerobic Training Zones in Overweight and Obese Patients. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33792764 PMCID: PMC8017038 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones. METHODS We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT, each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering "Yes," "I don't know," or "No" to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual analog scale (VAS)). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement. RESULTS There was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference - 1.3 W, 90% confidence limit (CL) (- 8.2; 5.6), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2%). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90% CL (2.8; 19.2), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4%). CONCLUSIONS ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Cerda-Kohler
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile.,Applied Sports Science Unit, High-Performance Center, National Institute of Sports, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Burgos-Jara
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Meneses-Valdes
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Gutierrez-Pino
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepúlveda
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile.
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Ramos JS, Dalleck LC, Keith CE, Fennell M, Lee Z, Drummond C, Keating SE, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Optimizing the Interaction of Exercise Volume and Metformin to Induce a Clinically Significant Reduction in Metabolic Syndrome Severity: A Randomised Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103695. [PMID: 32456272 PMCID: PMC7277162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a central mediating factor of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), with exercise training and metformin proven antidotes to insulin resistance. However, when the two therapies are combined there is conflicting data regarding whether metformin blunts or improves exercise training-induced adaptations. The volume of exercise (duration, intensity, and frequency) on the interaction of exercise training and metformin has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study is therefore to explore the impact of a combination of different exercise volumes and metformin on MetS severity. This is a secondary analysis of data from one of the sites of the ‘Exercise in Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome’ (EX-MET) study. Ninety-nine adults with MetS were randomized into a 16-week exercise program completing either: (i) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) at 60–70% of peak heart rate (HRpeak) for 30 min/session (n = 34, 150 min/week); (ii) high-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of 4 × 4 min bouts at 85–95% HRpeak, interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 50–70% HRpeak (n = 34, 38 min/session, 114 min/week); or (iii) low volume HIIT, 1 × 4 min bout of HIIT at 85–95% HRpeak (n = 31, 17 min/session, 51 min/week). Metformin intake was monitored and recorded throughout the trial. MetS severity was calculated as z-scores derived from MetS risk factors assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Sixty-five participants had complete pre- and post-intervention data for MetS z-score, of which 18 participants (28%) were taking metformin. Over the 16-week intervention, a similar proportion of participants clinically improved MetS severity (Δ ≥ −0.87) with metformin (8/18, 44%) or without metformin (23/47, 49%) (p = 0.75). While there were no between-group differences (p = 0.24), in those who did not take metformin low-volume HIIT had more likely responders (10/15, 67%) compared to MICT (6/16, 38%) and high-volume HIIT (7/16, 44%). In those taking metformin, there was a lower proportion of participants who clinically improved MetS severity following high-volume HIIT (1/6, 17%) compared to MICT (2/4, 50%) and low-volume HIIT (5/8, 63%), but with no between-group difference (p = 0.23). Moreover, in those who performed high-volume HIIT, there was a statistically significantly higher proportion (p = 0.03) of likely non-responders with improved MetS severity in participants taking metformin (4/6, 67%) compared to those not taking metformin (3/16, 19%). In individuals with MetS, the effect of high volume HIIT on MetS severity may be blunted in those taking metformin. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S. Ramos
- Caring Futures Institute & SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Room S268, South Wing, Sturt Building, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia, Australia; (L.C.D.); (C.E.K.); (M.F.); (Z.L.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (S.E.K.); (R.G.F.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-435-942-505
| | - Lance C. Dalleck
- Caring Futures Institute & SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Room S268, South Wing, Sturt Building, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia, Australia; (L.C.D.); (C.E.K.); (M.F.); (Z.L.); (C.D.)
- Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA
| | - Caitlin E. Keith
- Caring Futures Institute & SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Room S268, South Wing, Sturt Building, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia, Australia; (L.C.D.); (C.E.K.); (M.F.); (Z.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Mackenzie Fennell
- Caring Futures Institute & SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Room S268, South Wing, Sturt Building, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia, Australia; (L.C.D.); (C.E.K.); (M.F.); (Z.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Zoe Lee
- Caring Futures Institute & SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Room S268, South Wing, Sturt Building, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia, Australia; (L.C.D.); (C.E.K.); (M.F.); (Z.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Claire Drummond
- Caring Futures Institute & SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Room S268, South Wing, Sturt Building, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia, Australia; (L.C.D.); (C.E.K.); (M.F.); (Z.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Shelley E. Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (S.E.K.); (R.G.F.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Robert G. Fassett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (S.E.K.); (R.G.F.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (S.E.K.); (R.G.F.); (J.S.C.)
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Byrd BR, Keith J, Keeling SM, Weatherwax RM, Nolan PB, Ramos JS, Dalleck LC. Personalized Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Training Responsiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122088. [PMID: 31200443 PMCID: PMC6616602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to determine if personalized moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective at improving comprehensive training responsiveness than MICT alone. Apparently healthy, but physically inactive men and women (n = 54) were randomized to a non-exercise control group or one of two 13-week exercise training groups: (1) a personalized MICT + HIIT aerobic and resistance training program based on the American Council on Exercise guidelines, or (2) a standardized MICT aerobic and resistance training program designed according to current American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Mean changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and Metabolic (MetS) z-score in the personalized MICT + HIIT group were more favorable (p < 0.05) when compared to both the standardized MICT and control groups. Additionally, on the individual level, there were positive improvements in VO2max (Δ > 4.9%) and MetS z-score (Δ ≤ -0.48) in 100% (16/16) of participants in the personalized MICT + HIIT group. In the present study, a personalized exercise prescription combining MICT + HIIT in conjunction with resistance training elicited greater improvements in VO2max, MetS z-score reductions, and diminished inter-individual variation in VO2max and cardiometabolic training responses when compared to standardized MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant R Byrd
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA.
| | - Jamie Keith
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA.
| | - Shawn M Keeling
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA.
| | - Ryan M Weatherwax
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA.
| | - Paul B Nolan
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Joyce S Ramos
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA.
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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10
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Reduced Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training is More Effective at Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health than Traditional Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030483. [PMID: 30736402 PMCID: PMC6388288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the effectiveness of an 8 wk reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) at improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and positively modifying cardiometabolic health in the workplace environment. Participants (n = 32) were randomized to two groups: (1) One group (n = 16) was prescribed an 8 wk REHIT program, and (2) one group (n = 16) was prescribed moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Cardiometabolic risk factors and CRF were measured at baseline and 8 wks. After 8 wks, changes in CRF (REHIT, 12%; MICT, 7%), systolic blood pressure (REHIT, −5%; MICT, −2%), waist circumference (REHIT, −1.4%; MICT, −0.3%), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity (MetS z-score: REHIT, −62%; MICT, 27%) were more favorable (p < 0.05) in the REHIT group relative to the MICT group. Interestingly, there was a significantly greater proportion of participants in the REHIT group (75%, 9/12) who had a favorable change in the MetS z-score (Δ > −0.60) relative to the MICT group (47%, 7/15). The main finding of the present study is that 8 wks REHIT elicited more potent and time-efficient improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic health when compared to traditional MICT. This study provides critical evidence for implementation of the sprint interval training (SIT) paradigm from the scientific literature into a real-world workplace setting.
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Resistance Exercise Intensity is Correlated with Attenuation of HbA1c and Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010140. [PMID: 30621076 PMCID: PMC6339182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of resistance exercise (RE) with different intensities on HbA1c, insulin and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes trials that compared RE group with a control were included in meta-analysis. Exercise intensities were categorized into low-to-moderate-intensity and high-intensity subgroups. Intensity effect on glycemic control was determined by meta-regression analysis, and risk-of-bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration tool. 24 trials met the inclusion criteria, comprised of 962 patients of exercise (n = 491) and control (n = 471). Meta-regression analysis showed decreased HbA1c (p = 0.006) and insulin (p = 0.015) after RE was correlated with intensity. Subgroup analysis revealed decreased HbA1c was greater with high intensity (−0.61; 95% CI −0.90, −0.33) than low-to-moderate intensity (−0.23; 95% CI −0.41, −0.05). Insulin levels were significantly decreased only with high intensity (−4.60; 95% CI −7.53, −1.67), not with low-to-moderate intensity (0.07; 95% CI −3.28, 3.42). Notably, values between the subgroups were statistically significant for both HbA1c (p = 0.03) and insulin (p = 0.04), indicative of profound benefits of high-intensity RE. Pooled outcomes of 15 trials showed only a decreased trend in blood glucose with RE (p = 0.09), and this tendency was not associated with intensity. Our meta-analysis provides additional evidence that high-intensity RE has greater beneficial effects than low-to-moderate-intensity in attenuation of HbA1c and insulin in T2D patients.
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