Moving Beyond the Gym: A Content Analysis of YouTube as an Information Resource for Physical Literacy

How does users' interest influence their click behavior?: evidence from Chinese online video media

Interest is one of the main factors motivating an individual's behavior, and its effect in the learning process has been widely confirmed in educational psychology. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of individual interest, topic interest and situational interest on the user's video click behavior in the online video browsing situation. We constructed an online experiment in which each participant was asked to use questionnaires to assess their responses to video categories, titles, and covers from the video-sharing website, Bilibili. Based on these responses, we obtained individual interests, topic interests, situational interests, and click behavior of the participants toward the videos. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the effects and mechanisms of the three interests on click behavior. The results found: (1) individual interest may have a positive but relatively weaker effect on click behavior, and (2) topic interest and situational interest positively predicted click behavior in all categories. The mediation analysis found: (1) in the otomads and fashion categories, the effect of individual interest on click behavior was partially mediated by topic and situational interest, and (2) in the anime, digits, life, dance, music, game, entertainment, and knowledge categories, the effect of individual interest on click behavior was fully mediated by topic interest and situational interest. These results revealed the facilitating effects and different effect modes of individual, topic, and situational interest on click behavior. These findings shed light on the influence mechanism of interests on video click behavior in different video categories and provide new insights into related applications such as recommender.

Conservative management of hand impairment in children and adolescents with heritable disorders of connective tissue: A scoping review

AIMS

To synthesize and critically appraise available interventions in the conservative management of hand impairment for children and adolescents with heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCT).

METHODS

A search of peer-reviewed literature and online platforms were included with data regarding hand impairment and function, conservative management and outcome measures extracted and appraised. Levels of evidence were applied to published literature.

RESULTS

Ten peer-reviewed papers, eleven webpages and YouTube videos met the inclusion criteria. Reported interventions included: strengthening, orthoses, assistive equipment, education and pacing. Evidence of intervention effectiveness and evidence-based guidance on dosage were absent, with no consistency of outcome measures monitoring intervention effectiveness. Online platforms posted by health professionals predominantly provided advice for families without clinical detail of interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a consistent suite of interventions identified in both peer-reviewed literature and online platforms used by clinicians and families to manage hand impairment for children and adolescents with HDCT. Clear dosage parameters and outcome measures are needed in future intervention studies to determine the effectiveness of interventions and guide clinicians in how best to treat hand impairment. Increasing accountability and quality of online resources posted by health professionals for families is warranted to ensure dosage details and precautions are provided.

Temporomandibular disorders-related videos on YouTube are unreliable sources of medical information: A cross-sectional analysis of quality and content

Objective

The amount of online medical information available is rapidly growing and YouTube is considered as the most popular source of healthcare information nowadays. However, no study has been conducted to comprehensively evaluate YouTube videos related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). So this study aimed to evaluate the content and quality of YouTube videos as a source of medical information on TMD.

Method

A total of 237 YouTube videos that were systematically searched using five keywords (temporomandibular disorders, tmd, temporomandibular joint, tmj, and jaw joint) were included. Included videos were categorized by purpose and source for analysis. The quality (DISCERN, Health on the Net (HON), Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), and Global Quality Scale (GQS)) and scientific accuracy of video contents were evaluated.

Results

Total content, DISCERN, HON, EQIP, and GQS scores were 7.5%, 38.9%, 35.2%, 53.0%, and 48.6% of the maximum possible score, respectively. Only 69 videos (29.1%) were considered as "useful" for patients. News media, physician, and medical source videos showed higher evaluation scores than others. Quality evaluation scores were not significantly correlated or negatively correlated with public preference indices. In the ROC curve analysis, content and DISCERN score showed above excellent discrimination ability for high-quality videos based on GQS (P < 0.001) and total score (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

YouTube videos related to TMD contained low quality and scientifically inaccurate information that could negatively influence patients with TMD.

Association Between Health Information‒Seeking Behavior on YouTube and Physical Activity Among U.S. Adults: Results From Health Information Trends Survey 2020

Introduction

Although physical activity has many health benefits, 45.8% of U.S. adults did not meet the WHO recommendation in 2018. Delivering health-related content, particularly physical activity, through YouTube may help to overcome some barriers, such as lack of access to resources. This study aimed to examine the association between watching health-related information on YouTube and increased levels of physical activity among U.S. adults.

Methods

Using the U.S. national cross-sectional survey-Health Information National Trends Survey 2020 (n=3,865), we conducted a multivariable logistic regression on obtaining 150 minutes of at least moderate-intensity physical activity per week (WHO guidelines) by watching health-related information on YouTube, controlling for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), socioeconomics (income, education level, insurance coverage, employment), current use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, use of electronic wearable devices (e.g., Fitbit), self-reported health status, BMI, and the presence of chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, cancer) and depression or anxiety disorders.

Results

Overall, 40.8% (weighted) of respondents reported using YouTube to watch health-related videos, and 39.2% reported meeting the WHO-recommended physical activity level. After controlling for covariates, adults who reported watching health-related videos on YouTube in the past 12 months (versus not watching) were 1.33 times more likely to do 150 minutes or more of moderate physical activity a week (AOR=1.33; 95% CI=1.01, 1.76).

Conclusions

This study suggests that adults who view health-related YouTube videos may be more likely to meet the WHO-recommended level of physical activity. This finding could inform future behavioral interventions using online video platforms to promote physical activity.

YouTube English videos as a source of information on arm and shoulder exercise after breast cancer surgery

PURPOSE

To examine the reliability, quality and content of YouTube videos on exercises that can be performed after breast cancer (BC) surgery.

METHODS

Videos selected from YouTube using the search terms 'shoulder exercise and BC surgery', 'arm exercise and BC surgery' and 'physiotherapy/physical therapy and BC surgery' were categorised as useful or misleading by a surgeon and a physiotherapist. The videos were analysed using the 5-point DISCERN scale for reliability, the Global Quality Scale for quality and a 10-item scale for comprehensiveness.

RESULTS

Of the 180 videos initially analysed, 82 were included in the study, and 42 (51.2%) were classified as having misleading information and 40(48.8%) as having useful information. The reliability, quality and content scores of the videos containing useful information were higher (p < 0.001). Most of the videos in the useful information group (80%) were uploaded by universities/professional organisations/physicians/physiotherapists, while the majority of those in the misleading information group (47.6%) were uploaded by websites providing independent healthcare information.

CONCLUSION

YouTube can be an important instrument to protect patients from musculoskeletal system complications after BC treatment and improve existing complications. Universities, physicians and physiotherapists should be encouraged to prepare more videos containing full and accurate information on this subject.

Effects of a remote, YouTube-delivered exercise intervention on young adults' physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: Randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Public health guidelines have called for innovative and flexible physical activity (PA) intervention strategies to promote PA and health amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, this study's purpose was to examine the effects of a home-based, YouTube-delivered PA intervention grounded in self-determination theory on young adults' free-living PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality (NCT04499547).

METHODS

Sixty-four young adults (48 females; age = 22.8 ± 3.4 years, mean ± SD; body mass index = 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomized (1:1) into the intervention group, which received weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA videos, or control group, which received weekly general health education videos, for 12 weeks. Our primary outcome was free-living moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and our secondary outcomes were sedentary behavior, light PA, and sleep quality (measured using ActiGraph accelerometers) along with muscle-strengthening PA frequency, self-determination theory-related motivation (non-regulation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation), and perceived PA barriers (assessed using validated questionnaires). Repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences at an adjusted significance level of 0.004 and effect sizes as partial eta-squared (ηp2).

RESULTS

We observed statistically significant interaction effects for MVPA, sleep efficiency, muscle-strengthening PA frequency, non-regulation, integrated regulation, intrinsic regulation, and perceived PA barriers (F(1, 62) = 10.75-77.67, p < 0.001-0.002, ηp2 = 0.15-0.56) with all outcomes favoring the intervention group. We observed no statistically significant differences in either group for sedentary behavior, light PA, sleep duration, or external, introjected, and identified regulations after 12 weeks (F(1, 62) = 1.11-3.64, p = 0.06-0.61).

CONCLUSION

With national COVID-19 restrictions still in place and uncertainty regarding post-pandemic PA environments and behaviors, a remote, YouTube-delivered PA intervention may help foster clinically meaningful improvements in young adults' free-living MVPA, muscle-strengthening PA frequency, sleep efficiency, PA-related intrinsic motivation, and perceived PA barriers.

Describing the use of behavior change techniques among the most popular home workout channels on YouTube: A quantitative content analysis

The purpose of our study was to describe characteristics of behavior change techniques (BCTs) employed by popular YouTube fitness channels and examine relationships between BCTs used and engagement metrics (e.g. views, likes, comments). Seventy-five videos were coded according to BCT Taxonomy v1. Multi-level modeling was conducted between BCTs and engagement metrics. Fifty-four unique BCTs were used, with "Demonstration of behavior" and "Instruction on how to perform the behavior" used the most. The number of BCTs employed was 12.5 ± 6.65 and BCTs were all unrelated to engagement metrics (ps > 0.05). Application of BCTs within YouTube varies from traditional exercise interventions.

An Augmented Reality Device for Remote Supervision of Ultrasound Examinations in International Exercise Science Projects: Usability Study

Background

Support for long-distance research and clinical collaborations is in high demand and has increased owing to COVID-19–related restrictions on travel and social contact. New digital approaches are required for remote scientific exchange.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the options of using an augmented reality device for remote supervision of exercise science examinations.

Methods

A mobile ultrasound examination of the diameter and intima-media thickness of the femoral and carotid arteries was remotely supervised using a head-mounted augmented reality device. All participants were provided with a link to a YouTube video of the technique in advance. In part 1, 8 international experts from the fields of engineering and sports science were remotely connected to the study setting. Internet connection speed was noted, and a structured interview was conducted. In part 2, 2 remote supervisors evaluated 8 physicians performing an examination on a healthy human subject. The results were recorded, and an evaluation was conducted using a 25-item questionnaire.

Results

In part 1, the remote experts were connected over a mean distance of 1587 km to the examination site. Overall transmission quality was good (mean upload speed: 28.7 Mbps, mean download speed: 97.3 Mbps, mean ping: 21.6 milliseconds). In the interview, participants indicated that the main potential benefits would be to the fields of education, movement analysis, and supervision. Challenges regarding internet connection stability and previous training with the devices used were reported. In part 2, physicians’ examinations showed good interrater correlation (interclass correlation coefficient: 0.84). Participants valued the experienced setting as highly positive.

Conclusions

The study showed the good feasibility of the chosen design and a highly positive attitude of all participants toward this digital approach. Head-mounted augmented reality devices are generally recommended for collaborative research projects with physical examination–based research questions.

Clinical Information Systems - Seen through the Ethics Lens

OBJECTIVE

The more people there are who use clinical information systems (CIS) beyond their traditional intramural confines, the more promising the benefits are, and the more daunting the risks will be. This review thus explores the areas of ethical debates prompted by CIS conceptualized as smart systems reaching out to patients and citizens. Furthermore, it investigates the ethical competencies and education needed to use these systems appropriately.

METHODS

A literature review covering ethics topics in combination with clinical and health information systems, clinical decision support, health information exchange, and various mobile devices and media was performed searching the MEDLINE database for articles from 2016 to 2019 with a focus on 2018 and 2019. A second search combined these keywords with education.

RESULTS

By far, most of the discourses were dominated by privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent issues. Intertwined with confidentiality and clear boundaries, the provider-patient relationship has gained much attention. The opacity of algorithms and the lack of explicability of the results pose a further challenge. The necessity of sociotechnical ethics education was underpinned in many studies including advocating education for providers and patients alike. However, only a few publications expanded on ethical competencies. In the publications found, empirical research designs were employed to capture the stakeholders' attitudes, but not to evaluate specific implementations.

CONCLUSION

Despite the broad discourses, ethical values have not yet found their firm place in empirically rigorous health technology evaluation studies. Similarly, sociotechnical ethics competencies obviously need detailed specifications. These two gaps set the stage for further research at the junction of clinical information systems and ethics.

The Impact of Environmental Social Media Publications on User Satisfaction with and Trust in Tourism Businesses

The main aim of the present study was to analyze whether publications related to environmental sustainability in social media directly and positively influence user satisfaction with and trust in tourism businesses. Our second goal was to determine whether the influence of environmental sustainability and satisfaction is moderated by users' gender. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire responses were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology. The results have shown that there is a positive relationship between environmental sustainability, satisfaction, and trust generated by tourism companies through their publications on social media, and that this relationship is not conditioned by users' gender. The results of the present study contribute to the literature by bridging the gap in research on tourism enterprises and their strategies regarding social media publications. Our findings also provide important implications related to the content of environmental sustainability strategies and social media communication for tourism companies.

Social Media and Health Promotion

With over 3 billion users worldwide, social media has become a staple of daily life for people across the globe [...].

Practical and Ethical Considerations for Schools Using Social Media to Promote Physical Literacy in Youth

The rapid development of social media has led to its increased use by children and adolescents for health and well-being purposes. Accordingly, social interactions resulting from social media use can be further integrated into physical and health education pedagogy. Given the relationship between increased physical literacy and positive health outcomes, best practices and lessons learned from social media use in the healthcare industry should be adopted by health and physical educators practicing in schools. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to comment on several practical and ethical challenges and opportunities associated with using social media to improve physical literacy among youth. Specifically, two of the most prominent issues are discussed in depth: (1) integration of social media in physical education settings that educate children and adolescents about the biopsychosocial effects of physical activity, and (2) use of wearable technologies among youth to accrue experiences that enhance physical literacy competencies. In our opinion, health and physical educators who utilize the ALL-ENGAGE Playbook described in this commentary will successfully reach, engage, and impact students with popular social media that adequately promotes physical literacy, including through experiential use of wearable technologies.