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Kim K, Andersen D, Jang Y. Predictive Modeling of Ungulate-Vehicle Collision in the Republic of Korea. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1068. [PMID: 37626954 PMCID: PMC10451958 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Animal-vehicle collisions (AVC) threaten animals as well as human life and property. AVC with ungulates, called ungulate-vehicle collision (UVC), often seriously endangers human safety because of the considerable body size of ungulates. In the Republic of Korea, three ungulate species, Capreolus pygargus, Hydropotes inermis, and Sus scrofa, account for a large proportion of AVC. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of UVC by examining various parameters related to habitat, traffic, and seasonality using MaxEnt. The results showed that the peak UVC seasons coincided with the most active seasonal behaviors of the studied ungulates. For the modeling results, in C. pygargus, habitat variables are most important for models across seasons, and UVC events are most likely to occur in high mountain chains. In H. inermis, habitat and traffic variables are most important for models across seasons. Although the important habitat for the models were different across seasons for S. scrofa, the maximum speed was consistently critical for models across all seasons. Factors critical to UVC in the Republic of Korea were different for the three ungulate species and across seasons, indicating that seasonal behavior should be considered along with landscape and traffic characteristics to mitigate UVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Khattak RH, Han X, Zhang N, Wu J, Liu Z, Teng L. Distribution update of water deer (Hydropotes inermis) and prediction of their potential distribution in Northeast China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5610. [PMID: 37019922 PMCID: PMC10076520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human interventions have a great potential of spatially cornering and limiting species, therefore investigating the species distribution is one of the most crucial issues for managing wildlife populations and suggesting robust conservation strategies. Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) are widespread in China throughout history and are endemic to East Asia. However, they disappeared from Northeast China for years. We rediscovered the water deer in a previous study in Jilin Province, China. Then, we conducted further research in Northeast China to determine their distribution status, supplying fundamental data for the recovery and expansion of their population. An interview survey, line transect survey and infrared camera monitoring were carried out in some counties/cities in Northeast China from June to December 2021. The results showed that the water deer were distributed in Wuchang city of Heilongjiang Province, Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Baishan Municipal District, Ji'an city, Hunchun city, Huadian city, Antu County and Helong County of Jilin Province, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Fengcheng city and Donggang city of Liaoning Province. The ensemble species distribution model constructed by sdm within the TSS of various models that were set as weight revealed that the potential distribution area of the water deer in the study area was 8764.66 km2 (28.77% of the study area). Combining recent studies concerning the distribution of water deer and the current study, we updated the distribution of wild water deer in Northeast China, which is vital for their conservation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Romaan Hayat Khattak
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xingzhi Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Kim M, Lee S. Identification of Emerging Roadkill Hotspots on Korean Expressways Using Space-Time Cubes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4896. [PMID: 36981804 PMCID: PMC10049184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Collisions with wild animals on high-speed expressways not only lead to roadkill but can also cause accidents that incur considerable human and economic costs. Based on roadkill data from 2004-2019 for four common wildlife species involved in collisions with vehicles on expressways in Korea (water deer, common raccoon dog, Korean hare, and wild boar), the present study conducted optimized hotspot analysis and identified spatiotemporal patterns using a space-time cube (STC) approach. Temporal and spatial differences in the roadkill data were observed between species. Water deer were the most common roadkill species of the four studied, with hotspots in the southern region of the capital area, in the Chungnam region, and in the western Chungbuk and Gangwon-do regions. However, the instances of water deer roadkill over time differed between each region. In addition, it was found that the number of cases of wild boar roadkill has increased recently. In particular, a number of new hotspot areas were observed centered on the metropolitan area Gyeonggi-do, which contains a high population and significant infrastructure. Overall, the emerging hotspot analysis based on STCs was able to determine cold spot and hotspot trends over time, allowing for a more intuitive understanding of spatiotemporal clustering patterns and associated changes than cumulative density-oriented hotspot analysis. As a result, it becomes easier to analyze the causes of roadkill and to establish reduction measures according to priority.
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Shin Y, Kim K, Groffen J, Woo D, Song E, Borzée A. Citizen science and roadkill trends in the Korean herpetofauna: The importance of spatially biased and unstandardized data. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.944318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Roadkills are a major threat to the wildlife in human-modified landscapes. Due to their ecology, relatively small size, and slow movement, amphibians and reptiles are particularly prone to roadkill. While standardized roadkill surveys provide valuable data for regional roadkill trends, such surveys are often resource-intensive and have limited geographic coverage. Herein, we analyzed a roadkill dataset of the Korean herpetofauna derived from the citizen science database iNaturalist and compared the overall roadkill trends detected in the iNaturalist data with standardized survey-based literature data. Our results show that the overall citizen science data provide a good picture of roadkill trends for the Korean herpetofauna in terms of recorded species. We detected both similarities and notable differences between the iNaturalist and literature data. The most notable differences between the two datasets were found in the number of recorded species, distribution across habitat types, and distribution across elevational ranges. Even with spatially biased sampling, the iNaturalist data had a considerably broader geographic coverage compared to standardized surveys. In addition, we related the presence of roadkills of amphibians and reptiles to the presence of agricultural lands, forests, and grassland. While the unstandardized nature of the citizen science data can be criticized, we argue that this feature also acts as an advantage for this type of data, as citizen science can better detect roadkills of rare species or seasonal events, such as mass migration of amphibians, and inform population trends and threats. Thus, our results highlight the importance of spatially biased and unstandardized citizen science data for roadkill detection. This study builds on previous studies demonstrating citizen science as a viable method of roadkill surveys.
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