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Nguyen TNP, Hunsberger M, Löve J, Duong TA, Phan TH, Luong NK, Hoang VM, Ng N. Patterns and determinants of tobacco purchase behaviors among male cigarette smokers in Vietnam: A latent class analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-98. [PMID: 38835515 PMCID: PMC11149401 DOI: 10.18332/tid/187869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding smokers' purchasing patterns can aid in customizing tobacco control initiatives aimed at reducing the tobacco smoking prevalence. Therefore, this study identified cigarette purchase behavior among Vietnamese male smokers and associated demographic and consumption factors. METHODS We analyzed a secondary dataset of male current tobacco smokers (n=3983) who participated in the Vietnam Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2015. We applied the latent class analysis (LCA) to identify the classes of purchase behavior among cigarette smokers (n=1241). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify demographics (education level, ethnicity, partnership status, and household socioeconomic status) and cigarette consumption variables (smoking years and heavy smoking status) related to purchase behavior classes. The results are reported as an adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR). RESULTS The LCA identified four cigarette purchase behaviors classes: Class 1 (price-insensitive and purchased international brand: 44.4%), Class 2 (price-sensitive and purchased domestic brand: 27.6%), Class 3 (price-sensitive and purchased cigarettes in a street vendor: 18.6%), and Class 4: price-sensitive and purchased loose/carton cigarette: 9.4%). The poorer economic groups were more likely to belong to the three price-sensitive classes. Heavy smokers and those who had smoked for a longer period were more likely to belong to Class 3 (ARRR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.51-3.58 and ARRR=1.02; 95% CI: 1.001-1.05, respectively) and Class 4 (ARRR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.71-5.06 and ARRR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Varied purchasing behaviors among male cigarette smokers, influenced by divergent price sensitivities and economic backgrounds, underscore the need for comprehensive tobacco control. Future efforts should include targeted policy interventions, behavior modification, and reshaping social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Phuong Nguyen
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Löve
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Van Minh Hoang
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nawi Ng
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Palma D, Alarcón M, García de Olalla P, Guerras JM, Pericas C, García J, Barberá MJ, Ayerdi O, Vera García M, Román-Urrestarazu A, Belza MJ, Rius C. Hepatitis C antibody prevalence and active hepatitis C infection in HIV-negative gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Barcelona and Madrid, Spain (March 2018-March 2021). IJID REGIONS 2023; 8:95-104. [PMID: 37554356 PMCID: PMC10404990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been recognized as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), with an increased notification in HIV-negative MSM. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV antibody and active HCV infection in HIV-negative gay, bisexual, and other MSM (GBMSM), and their characteristics, in Barcelona and Madrid, from March 2018 to March 2021. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted on 3548 HIV-undiagnosed GBMSM, across four HIV/STI testing centers. Respondents submitted an online, self-administered questionnaire after consultation, which collected information on sociodemographics, sexual health history, HCV knowledge, and substance consumption. Prevalence of HCV antibodies was determined by a reactive result in a rapid anti-HCV test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while active HCV infection was determined by participants who were also positive on an HCV-RNA test. Crude and adjusted Poisson analyses with robust variance are presented for both prevalence and active infection. RESULTS In total, 97.6% of participants (n = 3463) were HIV-negative. Of those, 18 were found to have HCV antibodies (0.52%), of which nine (0.26%) were also HCV-RNA positive. Those with HCV antibodies were associated to have lived with an HCV (+) person (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 7.84, [95% confidence interval: 2.50-24.53]), using injectable drugs for sex (APR: 6.92, [1.20-39.79]) and testing positive for an STI in the previous year (APR: 4.06, [1.09-15.12]). Presenting an active infection was strongly associated with a previous HCV diagnosis (APR: 100.82 [22.16-458.76]), sexualized injectable drug use (APR: 17.53 [2.70-113.76]), and sharing douching material (APR: 7.45, [2.12-25.95]). CONCLUSION Sexual practices with a higher risk of bleeding and sexualized drug use, particularly sexualized injectable drug use, were associated with higher rates of HCV diagnosis in GBMSM. Identifying these practices during consultation, contact tracing new cases and regularly testing those with a previous history of HCV, will facilitate HCV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Palma
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Servei d'Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- International Health Department, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherland
| | - Miguel Alarcón
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Servei d'Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Patricia García de Olalla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Servei d'Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan-Miguel Guerras
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Pericas
- Servei d'Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jorge García
- Unidad de STI y HIV Drassanes, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Ayerdi
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Vera García
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Román-Urrestarazu
- International Health Department, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - María José Belza
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Servei d'Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Card KG, Shen T, Barath J, Sang J, Lal A, Moore DM, Lachowsky NJ. Patterns of Event-Level Concurrent Substance Use During Sex Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Metro Vancouver. AIDS Behav 2023:10.1007/s10461-023-04036-w. [PMID: 36943600 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This study identified patterns of sexualized substance use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) and examined associated risk factors for sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBI). Data were from a longitudinal cohort recruited using respondent-driven sampling between Feb-2017 and Feb-2019. Participants reported on events with up to five of their most recent sexual partners. Latent class analysis examined patterns of concurrent substance use 2 h prior to or during sex. Multinomial regression identified demographic, partner-level, and event-level factors associated across 11,877 sexual events reported by 757 participants. Most combinations of substance use were rare, but most drugs were frequently combined with other drugs when they were used prior to or during a sexual event. Six latent classes of concurrent event-level substance use were identified. The referent class (58.8% of events) was characterized by limited use of any drugs. The Common Drug Use class (12.1%) was characterized by use of alcohol, cannabis, and poppers and the Licit Drug Use class (21.6%) was characterized by use of alcohol alone. The Party 'N' Play (PnP) class (2.3%) was characterized by use of crystal methamphetamine GHB, Poppers, and Erectile Drugs; The Multi-use (3.5%) class was characterized by the PnP substances plus alcohol and ecstasy; and the Cannabis + class was characterized by use of Cannabis, Erectile Drugs, and Ecstasy. Relative to the referent class, all other classes were associated with events with more behavioural and network risk factors for STBBIs-highlighting the need for harm reduction interventions for gbMSM who use these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer G Card
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Tian Shen
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Justin Barath
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordan Sang
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allan Lal
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David M Moore
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Schuettfort G, Groh A, Kann G, Haberl A, Herrmann E, Wetzstein N, Vehreschild MJGT, Stephan C. Sexually transmitted diseases in people living with HIV after implementation of cost coverage of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by statutory health insurance in Germany. HIV Med 2023; 24:163-169. [PMID: 35859321 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was introduced, rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased among PrEP users. However, data on STI trends in people living with HIV since then are limited. Since September 2019, PrEP has been covered by statutory German health insurance (SHI) in vulnerable groups. This study aimed to determine whether this coverage of PrEP costs affected STI rates in people living with HIV (specifically, men who have sex with men). METHODS All patients of the HIVCENTER Frankfurt diagnosed with at least one STI within the observation period were retrospectively enrolled in the study. STIs included infection with Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis. The observation period covered 1 year before and 1 year after the coverage of PrEP costs by German SHI. Data were collected from outpatient clinic records. RESULTS In total, 143 patients were enrolled in the study. The observation period was September 2018 to August 2019 for group 1 (n = 73) and September 2019 to August 2020 for group 2 (n = 70). The most frequent STIs were syphilis and infections due to chlamydia, gonococci, and trichomonads, in descending order. Infections with T. pallidum occurred more often in group 2 than in group 1 (60.0% vs. 50.7%; p = 0.253) as did chlamydia (37.1% vs. 28.8%; p = 0.286). CONCLUSIONS A tendency for an increased ratio of STIs in people living with HIV was observed after the introduction of PrEP coverage by German SHI. STIs should be discussed intensively with people living with HIV, since the communities of PrEP users and people living with HIV overlap, and changes in risk behaviour might influence both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundolf Schuettfort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ana Groh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerrit Kann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annette Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nils Wetzstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Stephan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ugarte A, de la Mora L, García D, Martínez-Rebollar M, de Lazzari E, Torres B, Inciarte A, Ambrosioni J, Chivite I, Solbes E, de Loredo N, Del Carlo GF, González-Cordón A, Blanco JL, Martínez E, Mallolas J, Laguno M. Evolution of Risk Behaviors, Sexually Transmitted Infections and PrEP Care Continuum in a Hospital-Based PrEP Program in Barcelona, Spain: A Descriptive Study of the First 2 Years' Experience. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 12:425-442. [PMID: 36520330 PMCID: PMC9753893 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for HIV prevention, but the PrEP care continuum also involves improving PrEP awareness, uptake, adherence, and retention in care. Users' awareness is often compromised because of vulnerability factors and risk behaviors, such as chemsex practice or specific substance use, which could lead to risk compensation. Correct adherence and retention in care are essential to achieve the full effectiveness of PrEP. This study describes changes in users' risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well also PrEP care continuum details. METHODS This was a descriptive single-center retrospective study including adults at high HIV risk screened between November 2019 and June 2021 in the PrEP program of our hospital. Demographic, behavioral, STI, adherence, and retention in care variables were assessed. Data were collected from medical records and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 295 people were included, 94% men and 5% transgender women, with a mean age of 34 years (SD 10) and 10% sex workers. At baseline, 55% disclosed chemsex practice and 3% slamming. During follow-up, condom use for anal intercourse decreased from 41% to 13% (p ≤ 0.0001) and one HIV infection was detected; other risk behaviors and STIs remained stable. Chemsex, group sex, fluid exchange, and condomless anal intercourse were related to STI risk. Adherence was correct in 80% of users, and retention in care was 57%. Discontinuations and loss to follow-up were high, mainly affecting transgender women, sex workers, and people practicing fisting. CONCLUSION PrEP program implementation in our hospital was adequate, since it allowed, in a population at high HIV risk, overall users' risk behaviors and STIs to remain stable, with only one HIV diagnosis during the follow-up. We should target specific strategies to improve adherence and retention in care, as vulnerable subgroups at higher risk of loss to follow-up are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa Ugarte
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lorena de la Mora
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David García
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Rebollar
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa de Lazzari
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Torres
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexy Inciarte
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Chivite
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Solbes
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás de Loredo
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Federico Del Carlo
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana González-Cordón
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Blanco
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Mallolas
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Laguno
- Infectious Diseases Department, HIV/AIDS Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Pérez-Romero C, Guerras JM, Hoyos J, Donat M, Barrio G, de la Fuente L, Palma D, García de Olalla P, Belza MJ. Excessive Drinking Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Recruited From Web-Based Resources: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e32888. [DOI: 10.2196/32888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
US and Northern European studies have found a higher prevalence of alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men (MSM) than among the general population of men (GPM). However, most of them relied on traditional sampling methods, not profiting from MSM dating apps and websites for recruitment. Besides, analogous comparisons in Southern Europe are lacking.
Objective
This study aimed to compare several indicators of excessive drinking between MSM and GPM in Spain.
Methods
Overall, 5862 MSM were recruited through dating apps or websites for the Méthysos Project, and 10,349 GPM were recruited using probability sampling via the Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs in Spain from 2018 to 2020. The outcomes were the prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] ≥8), hazardous drinking (AUDIT-Consumption ≥4), harmful drinking (AUDIT-Problem ≥4), regular hazardous drinking (>14 standard drinks per week), and monthly binge drinking. The prevalence of excessive drinking indicators was calculated for MSM and GPM and compared using the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR). Two different aPRs and their 95% CIs were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. The first was adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, and the second was adjusted for the aforementioned covariates plus other drug use.
Results
The prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking was 15.6% (913/5862) among MSM versus 7.7% (902/10,349) among GPM. After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, the risk was higher in MSM than in GPM for harmful or hazardous drinking (aPR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6-2.0), harmful drinking (aPR 2.3, 95% CI 2.0-2.7), and binge drinking (aPR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.9); the same in both populations for hazardous drinking (aPR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9-1.0); and higher in GPM than in MSM for regular hazardous drinking (aPR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9). The relative excess risk of harmful drinking and binge drinking among MSM tended to increase with increasing education level and size of the place of residence, and the opposite was true for the deficit risk in regular hazardous drinking. Additional adjustment for other drug use greatly buffered the relative excess risk in harmful drinking and binge drinking in MSM, while it deepened its deficit risk in regular hazardous drinking.
Conclusions
The use of web-based resources allowed recruiting a large sample of MSM. The risk of hazardous or harmful drinking was 80% greater in MSM than in GPM, which was mainly because of the higher risk of harmful drinking and binge drinking among MSM. Nearly 1 in 6 MSM would benefit from early brief alcohol intervention procedures. The subgroup with harmful or binge drinking combined with other drug use is an important contributor to excess MSM risk in hazardous or harmful drinking and must be a priority target for harm reduction interventions.
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Font-Mayolas S, Calvo F. Polydrug Definition and Assessment: The State of the Art. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013542. [PMID: 36294127 PMCID: PMC9602920 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polydrug use is a very common phenomenon and represents an important public health problem. The definition of the term has varied since its inception, and consequently so have forms of self-report evaluation. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of how the concept has evolved and its forms of evaluation through self-reporting. A search of the term polydrug was conducted on the PubMed portal up to August 2022, with a total of 2076 publications detected containing the word polydrug in their title, abstract or keywords. This includes publications that represent an advance in the definition and assessment of this construct through self-reports, which may be useful for researchers carrying out future studies in the field. The importance of distinguishing between concurrent and simultaneous polydrug use and the need to employ comparable measures in parameters for the frequency, magnitude and combination of psychoactive substances involved in polydrug use are two of the main recommendations emerging from this review.
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Prediction Model for the Risk of HIV Infection among MSM in China: Validation and Stability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19021010. [PMID: 35055826 PMCID: PMC8776241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The impact of psychosocial factors on increasing the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) has attracted increasing attention. We aimed to develop and validate an integrated prediction model, especially incorporating emerging psychosocial variables, for predicting the risk of HIV infection among MSM. We surveyed and collected sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral information from 547 MSM in China. The participants were split into a training set and a testing set in a 3:1 theoretical ratio. The prediction model was constructed by introducing the important variables selected with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, applying multivariate logistic regression, and visually assessing the risk of HIV infection through the nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, calibration plots, Hosmer–Lemeshow test and population stability index (PSI) were performed to test validity and stability of the model. Four of the 15 selected variables—unprotected anal intercourse, multiple sexual partners, involuntary subordination and drug use before sex—were included in the prediction model. The results indicated that the comprehensive prediction model we developed had relatively good predictive performance and stability in identifying MSM at high-risk for HIV infection, thus providing targeted interventions for high-risk MSM.
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