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Durán Del Amor MDM, Baeza Caracena A, Esquembre F, Llorens Pascual Del Riquelme M. New Methodology to Evaluate and Optimize Indoor Ventilation Based on Rapid Response Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1657. [PMID: 38475193 DOI: 10.3390/s24051657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The recent pandemic increased attention to the need for appropriated ventilation and good air quality as efficient measures to achieve safe and healthy indoor air. This work provides a novel methodology for continuously evaluating ventilation in public areas using modern rapid response sensors (RRS). This methodology innovatively assesses the ventilation of a space by combining a quantitative estimation of the real air exchange in the space-obtained from CO2 experimental RRS measurements and the characteristics of and activity in the space-and indoor and outdoor RRS measurements of other pollutants, with healthy recommendations from different organisations. The methodology allows space managers to easily evaluate, in a continuous form, the appropriateness of their ventilation strategy, thanks to modern RRS measurements and direct calculations (implemented here in a web app), even in situations of full activity. The methodology improves on the existing standards, which imply the release of tracer gases and expert intervention, and could also be used to set a control system that measures continuously and adapts the ventilation to changes in indoor occupancy and activity, guaranteeing safe and healthy air in an energy-efficient way. Sample public concurrence spaces with different conditions are used to illustrate the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Durán Del Amor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Baeza Caracena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Esquembre
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Zhu J, Liu J, He X, Wang L, Liu X, Yang J, Sun H, Azhar N, Oduro NB. Experimental study on the purification capacity of potted plants on low-concentration carbon monoxide in indoor environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6316-6331. [PMID: 38146024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoor low-concentration carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is widespread worldwide, and potted plants may be a potential means for CO purification. The objective is to evaluate common indoor plants' CO purification and tolerance capacities. Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S.Bunting, Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques, Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. & K.Krause, and Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain with similar sizes were tested in the glass chamber with initial CO concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm, respectively. (1) The CO purification capacity of the four potted plants is ranked as Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S.Bunting > Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques > Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. & K.Krause > Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain. Under the purification effect of each plant, the CO concentration in the chamber decreases linearly and significantly (p < 0.05), and within a specific time period, the time-weighted average (TWA) CO concentrations can be reduced to below the corresponding permissible exposure limits specified by some countries and organizations. (2) With the increase of the stomatal number of each plant and the increase in CO concentration, the hourly and cumulative absorbed CO of each plant increase linearly and significantly (p < 0.05). (3) With the increase in CO concentration, the CO purification efficiency of each plant decreases exponentially and significantly (p < 0.05). (4) When the CO concentration was ≤ 50 ppm, all plants could effectively purify CO without damage. When the CO concentration was in the range of 100 ~ 400 ppm, within 2 weeks after the 48-h experiment, the leaf tips of Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques and Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S.Bunting were damaged one after another, and the damaged leaf area increased with the increase of CO concentration. However, each plant as a whole still survived. This study demonstrated that different species of potted plants can effectively absorb low concentrations of CO to varying degrees, but higher concentrations of CO will damage the survival of specific species of potted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjian He
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haisong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Noor Azhar
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nkansah Benjamin Oduro
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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