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Govette A, Gillen JB. At-home bodyweight interval exercise in the fed versus fasted state lowers postprandial glycemia and appetite perceptions in females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1217-1227. [PMID: 38776559 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Limited research has characterized the metabolic health benefits of bodyweight interval exercise (BWE) performed outside of a laboratory setting. Metabolic responses to exercise can also be influenced by meal timing around exercise, but the interactive effects of BWE and nutrition are unknown. This study investigated the effects of BWE performed in the fasted or fed state on postprandial glycemia, post-exercise fat oxidation and appetite perceptions. Twelve females (23 ± 2 years; 22 ± 2 kg/m2) underwent two virtually-monitored trials that involved completing BWE (10 × 1 min, 1 min recovery) 5 min before (FastEX) or beginning BWE 10 min after (FedEX) a standardized breakfast. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during exercise and capillary glucose concentrations were measured for 2 h postprandial. Following exercise, appetite perceptions were assessed and Lumen expired carbon dioxide percentage (L%CO2) was measured as an index of fat oxidation. Heart rate (85 ± 5%) and RPE (14 ± 2) did not differ between conditions (p > 0.05). Postprandial glucose mean (6.1 ± 0.6 vs. 6.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L, p = 0.03), peak (7.4 ± 1.2 vs. 8.5 ± 1.5 mmol/L, p = 0.01), and area under the curve (AUC) (758 ± 72 vs. 973 ± 82 mmol/L × 2 h, p = 0.004) were lower in FedEX versus FastEX. Appetite perceptions were lower in FedEX versus FastEX (-87.63 ± 58.51 vs. -42.06 ± 34.96 mm, p = 0.029). Post-exercise L%CO2 was transiently decreased 30 min post-exercise in both conditions (4.03 ± 0.38 vs. 4.29 ± 0.34%, p = 0.0023), reflective of increased fat oxidation following BWE. These findings demonstrate that BWE performed in the fed compared to the fasted state lowered postprandial glycemia and appetite perceptions in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Govette
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C9, Canada
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C9, Canada
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Bellini A, Scotto di Palumbo A, Nicolò A, Bazzucchi I, Sacchetti M. Exercise Prescription for Postprandial Glycemic Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:1170. [PMID: 38674861 PMCID: PMC11053955 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental impacts of postprandial hyperglycemia on health are a critical concern, and exercise is recognized a pivotal tool in enhancing glycemic control after a meal. However, current exercise recommendations for managing postprandial glucose levels remain fairly broad and require deeper clarification. This review examines the existing literature aiming to offer a comprehensive guide for exercise prescription to optimize postprandial glycemic management. Specifically, it considers various exercise parameters (i.e., exercise timing, type, intensity, volume, pattern) for crafting exercise prescriptions. Findings predominantly indicate that moderate-intensity exercise initiated shortly after meals may substantially improve glucose response to a meal in healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, incorporating short activity breaks throughout the exercise session may provide additional benefits for reducing glucose response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilenia Bazzucchi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.S.d.P.); (A.N.); (M.S.)
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Dono I, Dwipajati D, Dirgahayu P, Wibowo YC, Pratama YM. Acute Effects of Breakfast Fruits Meal Sequence and Postprandial Exercise on the Blood Glucose Level and DPP4 Activity among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Pilot Study. J Obes 2022; 2022:4875993. [PMID: 36204396 PMCID: PMC9532157 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4875993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health issue. Diet and physical exercise are modifiable factors that influence the glycaemic status of patients with T2DM. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of breakfast fruits meal sequence and postprandial exercise on the blood glucose level and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS A randomized pilot study recruited patients with T2DM who attended two primary health care centres in Tasikmadu District, Karanganyar Regency, and Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to October 2016. Eligible patients (4 men and 32 women) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Venous blood samples were analyzed for fasting and one-hour postprandial blood glucose (FBG and 1 h PPG) levels and DPP4 activity. Blood glucose levels were measured using a routine hexokinase method, and serum DPP4 activity was determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with the Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide substrate. RESULTS Fruits last meal decreased FBG level whilst fruits first meal did not significantly decrease 1 h PPG level. Both treatments had no acute effects on DPP4 activity but the addition of postprandial exercise helped lower DPP4 activity. Fruit last and first meals showed significant opposite effects on mean changes of FBG level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary report of fruits meal sequence is potentially involved in acute regulation of blood glucose levels and that it might be independent of DPP4 activity in Indonesian patients with T2DM. Moreover, postprandial exercise may be an important intervention for T2DM through the mediation of DPP4 but has no acute effects on the regulation of blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to investigate whether or not different types of fruits and longer treatment intervals can affect blood glucose levels and DPP4 activity differently. This study also gives an insight into the feasibility of conducting food order modification with or without the combination of postprandial exercise in a primary health setting for our next studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indarto Dono
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
- Program of Nutrition Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
| | - Dwipajati Dwipajati
- Program of Nutrition Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C, Malang City, Jawa Timur 65119, Indonesia
| | - Paramasari Dirgahayu
- Program of Nutrition Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Mulia Pratama
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Jl. Profesor DR. HR Boenyamin No. 708, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah 53122, Indonesia
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