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Andersen JP, Arpaia J, Gustafsberg H, Poplawski S, Di Nota PM. The International Performance, Resilience and Efficiency Program Protocol for the Application of HRV Biofeedback in Applied Law Enforcement Settings. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024:10.1007/s10484-024-09644-3. [PMID: 38656642 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Law enforcement officers are routinely exposed to high-threat encounters that elicit physiological stress responses that impact health, performance, and safety. Therefore, self-regulation using evidence-based approaches is a priority in police research and practice. This paper describes a five-module heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) protocol that is part of a larger resilience program (the International Performance Resilience and Efficiency Program - iPREP) established in 2014. Supported by 10 years of user-informed research and development, our methods are tailored to address occupational stressors and the practical realities of training and resource availability in operational settings. Building on existing clinical methods that comprise five to six weekly sessions and up to 40-min of daily practice, our iPREP HRVB protocol is typically delivered in a condensed format across 2-3 days and is seamlessly integrated with reality-based training scenarios commonly employed in policing. By combining best practices in clinical HRVB with police-specific pedagogical frameworks, officers receive accelerated and job-relevant training to adaptively modulate autonomic responses to acute and chronic stress. Efficacy of the iPREP HRVB protocol is supported by several research studies of various methodological designs (i.e., randomized control trial, longitudinal cohort) that demonstrate immediate and sustained improvements in police performance and physiological health outcomes. We conclude with a critical appraisal of the available empirical evidence contrasting common and emerging breathing techniques proposed for use in operational policing contexts. The critical appraisal guide is intended to serve as a resource for law enforcement agencies, governing bodies, and operators when choosing appropriate and effective self-regulation training approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith P Andersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
- Affiliated Faculty, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Paula M Di Nota
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Sun Y, Li X, Liu H, Li Y, Gui J, Zhang X, Li X, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang C, Li J, Liu M, Zhang D, Gao J, Kang X, Lei Y, Yuan T. The effectiveness of using situational awareness and case-based seminars in a comprehensive nursing skill practice course for undergraduate nursing students: a quasi-experimental study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:118. [PMID: 38321409 PMCID: PMC10848502 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play an important role in healthcare development. The increasing demands for nurses mean that nursing schools at the undergraduate level have the responsibility to ensure patient safety and quality care through a well-designed curriculum. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the teaching method combined with situational awareness and case-based seminars in a comprehensive nursing skills practice course on the level of self-directed learning, professional identity, academic self-efficacy, theoretical scores, practical scores, teaching satisfaction, and student competence among nursing students. METHODS The research population comprised was of the grades of 2019 and 2020 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui Province, China (n = 169, response rate 77.88%). The observation group from grade 2020 used the teaching method combined with situational awareness and case-based seminars, whereas the control group from grade 2019 used the traditional teaching mode. General information, self-directed learning, a professional identity, and academic self-efficacy were compared between the two groups. This research used means and standard deviations, chi-square, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and an independent sample t-test for statistical analyses. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the total scores for self-directed learning, professional identity, and academic self-efficacy were higher in the observation group (78.80 ± 7.89 vs 60.21 ± 7.44, 63.39 ± 7.87 vs 52.35 ± 7.68, and 22.31 ± 3.30 vs 21.28 ± 2.31, respectively, with P < 0.05 for all scores). More significant improvements were made in the observation group on the level of theoretical scores (81.39 ± 3.32 vs 76.28 ± 5.90) and practical scores (93.32 ± 4.70 vs 90.67 ± 5.09) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, teaching satisfaction, which includes teaching method (66/18 vs 32/53) and teacher-student interaction (72/12 vs 34/51), and student competence, which includes team cooperation (67/17 vs 39/46), critical thinking (60/24 vs 31/54), and communication skills (67/17 vs 38/47) after the intervention (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in social persuasion (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The teaching method combined with situational awareness and case-based seminars in a comprehensive nursing skills practice course has the potential to improve the level of self-directed learning, professional identity, and academic self-efficacy, and it increases theoretical scores, practical scores, teaching satisfaction, and student competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Sun
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Gerontology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Zheshan West Road, Yijishan District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Student Health Center, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Jiaofeng Gui
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Surgery Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Department of Nursing School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xuefeng Kang
- Department of Nursing School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China.
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R Horn R, J Lewinski W, Sandri Heidner G, Lawton J, Allen C, Albin MW, P Murray N. Assessing between-officer variability in responses to a live-acted deadly force encounter as a window to the effectiveness of training and experience. ERGONOMICS 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38037325 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2278416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to infer the effectiveness of officers' training and experience by assessing consistency of behavioural responses between them. If officers facing the same scenario respond in similar ways, this implies their use of shared cognition, through acquired in-common tactical knowledge. Officers (n = 42) responded to a live-acted scenario in which an assailant ultimately discharged his weapon. Triangulated camera positions assessed their movement patterns, final positions, and weapon responses relative to when the assailant fired his weapon. We also assessed the officers' visual search and gathered information regarding their experience and rest. Our second aim was to examine sources of variability in the officers' responses. We found extensive variability in all aspects of the response. Experience did not impact spatial or temporal behavioural responses. However, longer hours awake and lower reported rest negatively impacted officers' responses. We conclude that officers had insufficient training and experience to demonstrate in-common knowledge.Practitioner summary: Police officers showed high spatial and temporal variability in response to the same scenario. This implies inadequate tactical training, and is supported by our finding that training and experience did not impact performance. Instead, the officers' variability was constrained by their visual search, and the hours awake before being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Horn
- Kinesiology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Lawton
- Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Craig Allen
- Division of Research, Force Science Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA
| | - Michael W Albin
- Division of Research, Force Science Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA
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Yu W, Jin D, Cai W, Zhao F, Zhang X. Towards tacit knowledge mining within context: Visual cognitive graph model and eye movement image interpretation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107107. [PMID: 36096024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visual attention is one of the most important brain cognitive functions, which filters the rich information of the outside world to ensure the efficient operation of limited cognitive resources. The underlying knowledge, i.e., tacit knowledge, hidden in the human attention allocation performances, is context-related and is hard to be expressed by experts, but it is essential for novice operator training and interaction system design. Traditional models of visual attention allocation and corresponding analysis methods seldomly involve task contextual information or present the tacit knowledge in an explicit and quantified way. Thus, it is challenging to pass on the expert's tacit knowledge to the novice or utilize it to construct an interaction system by employing traditional methods. Therefore, this paper first proposes a new model called the visual cognitive graph model based on graph theory to model the visual attention allocation associated with the task context. Then, based on this graph model, utilize the data mining method to reveal attention patterns within context to quantitatively analyze the operator's tacit knowledge during operation tasks. We introduced three physical quantities derived from graph theory to describe the tacit knowledge, which can be used directly to construct an interaction system or operator training. For example, discover the essential information within the task context, the relevant information affecting critical information, and the bridge information revealing the decision-making process. We tested the proposed method in the example of flight operation, the comparison results with the traditional eye movement graph model demonstrate that the proposed visual cognitive model can compromise the task context. The comparison results with the statistical analysis method demonstrate that our tacit knowledge mining method can reveal the underlying knowledge hidden in the visual information. Finally, we give practical applications in the examples of operator training guidance and adaptive interaction system. Our proposed method can explore more in-depth knowledge of visual information, such as the correlations of different obtained information and the way operator obtains information, most of which are even not noticed by operators themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dian Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada
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