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Boselli PM, Soriano JM. COVID-19 in Italy: Is the Mortality Analysis a Way to Estimate How the Epidemic Lasts? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040584. [PMID: 37106784 PMCID: PMC10135801 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
When an epidemic breaks out, many health, economic, social, and political problems arise that require a prompt and effective solution. It would be useful to obtain all information about the virus, including epidemiological ones, as soon as possible. In a previous study of our group, the analysis of the positive-alive was proposed to estimate the epidemic duration. It was stated that every epidemic ends when the number of positive-alive (=infected-healed-dead) glides toward zero. In fact, if with the contagion everyone can enter the epidemic phenomenon, only by healing or dying can they get out of it. In this work, a different biomathematical model is proposed. A necessary condition for the epidemic to be resolved is that the mortality reaches the asymptotic value, from there, remains stable. At that time, the number of positive-alive must also be close to zero. This model seems to allow us to interpret the entire development of the epidemic and highlight its phases. It is also more appropriate than the previous one, especially when the spread of the infection is so rapid that the increase in live positives is staggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro M Boselli
- Group of Nutritional Modelling Biology, Departament de Biosciencies, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Jose M Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Ning X, Jia L, Wei Y, Li XA, Chen F. Epi-DNNs: Epidemiological priors informed deep neural networks for modeling COVID-19 dynamics. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106693. [PMID: 36996662 PMCID: PMC9970927 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Differential equations-based epidemic compartmental models and deep neural networks-based artificial intelligence (AI) models are powerful tools for analyzing and fighting the transmission of COVID-19. However, the capability of compartmental models is limited by the challenges of parameter estimation, while AI models fail to discover the evolutionary pattern of COVID-19 and lack explainability. This paper aims to provide a novel method (called Epi-DNNs) by integrating compartmental models and deep neural networks (DNNs) to model the complex dynamics of COVID-19. In the proposed Epi-DNNs method, the neural network is designed to express the unknown parameters in the compartmental model and the Runge–Kutta method is implemented to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) so as to give the values of the ODEs at a given time. Specifically, the discrepancy between predictions and observations is incorporated into the loss function, then the defined loss is minimized and applied to identify the best-fitted parameters governing the compartmental model. Furthermore, we verify the performance of Epi-DNNs on the real-world reported COVID-19 data on the Omicron epidemic in Shanghai covering February 25 to May 27, 2022. The experimental findings on the synthesized data have revealed its effectiveness in COVID-19 transmission modeling. Moreover, the inferred parameters from the proposed Epi-DNNs method yield a predictive compartmental model, which can serve to forecast future dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Linlin Jia
- The COBRA Lab, INSA Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue Tesniere, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Center for Global Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Address Two, Nanjing, 21166, PR China,Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response Center, Peking University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xi-An Li
- Ceyear Technologies Co., Ltd, 98 Xiangjiang Road, Qingdao, 266000, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China,Center for Global Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Address Two, Nanjing, 21166, PR China,Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
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Alsyouf A, Lutfi A, Alsubahi N, Alhazmi FN, Al-Mugheed K, Anshasi RJ, Alharbi NI, Albugami M. The Use of a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Predict Patients' Usage of a Personal Health Record System: The Role of Security, Privacy, and Usability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1347. [PMID: 36674105 PMCID: PMC9859518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Personal health records (PHR) systems are designed to ensure that individuals have access and control over their health information and to support them in being active participants rather than passive ones in their healthcare process. Yet, PHR systems have not yet been widely adopted or used by consumers despite their benefits. For these advantages to be realized, adoption of the system is necessary. In this study, we examined how self-determination of health management influences individuals' intention to implement a PHR system, i.e., their ability to actively manage their health. Using an extended technology acceptance model (TAM), the researchers developed and empirically tested a model explaining public adoption of PHRs. In total, 389 Saudi Arabian respondents were surveyed in a quantitative cross-sectional design. The hypotheses were analysed using structural equation modelling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS4). Results indicate that PHR system usage was influenced by three major factors: perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and security towards intention to use. PHR PEOU and PHR intention to use were also found to be moderated by privacy, whereas usability positively moderated PHR PEOU and PHR intention to use and negatively moderated PHR PU and PHR intention to use. For the first time, this study examined the use of personal health records in Saudi Arabia, including the extension of the TAM model as well as development of a context-driven model that examines the relationship between privacy, security, usability, and the use of PHRs. Furthermore, this study fills a gap in the literature regarding the moderating effects of privacy influence on PEOU and intention to use. Further, the moderating effects of usability on the relationship between PEOU, PU, and intention to use. Study findings are expected to assist government agencies, health policymakers, and health organizations around the world, including Saudi Arabia, in understanding the adoption of personal health records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Alsyouf
- Department of Managing Health Services & Hospitals, Faculty of Business Rabigh, College of Business (COB), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalwali Lutfi
- Department of Accounting, College of Business (COB), King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Nizar Alsubahi
- Department of Health Services and Hospitals Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fahad Nasser Alhazmi
- Department of Health Services and Hospitals Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rami J. Anshasi
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nora Ibrahim Alharbi
- Department of Business Administration, College of Business Administration (CBA), University of Business and Technology (UBT), Jeddah 23435, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moteb Albugami
- Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business (COB) Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Jeddah 21991, Saudi Arabia
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