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Zeb B, Ditta A, Alam K, Sorooshian A, Din BU, Iqbal R, Habib Ur Rahman M, Raza A, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Wintertime investigation of PM 10 concentrations, sources, and relationship with different meteorological parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:154. [PMID: 38167892 PMCID: PMC10761681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Meteorological factors play a crucial role in affecting air quality in the urban environment. Peshawar is the capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan and is a pollution hotspot. Sources of PM10 and the influence of meteorological factors on PM10 in this megacity have yet to be studied. The current study aims to investigate PM10 mass concentration levels and composition, identify PM10 sources, and quantify links between PM10 and various meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and rainfall (RF) during the winter months from December 2017 to February 2018. PM10 mass concentrations vary from 180 - 1071 µg m-3, with a mean value of 586 ± 217 µg m-3. The highest concentration is observed in December, followed by January and February. The average values of the mass concentration of carbonaceous species (i.e., total carbon, organic carbon, and elemental carbon) are 102.41, 91.56, and 6.72 μgm-3, respectively. Water-soluble ions adhere to the following concentration order: Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ > NH4+ > Mg2+. Twenty-four elements (Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Kr, Ag, Pb, Cu, and Cd) are detected in the current study by PIXE analysis. Five sources based on Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modeling include industrial emissions, soil and re-suspended dust, household combustion, metallurgic industries, and vehicular emission. A positive relationship of PM10 with temperature and relative humidity is observed (r = 0.46 and r = 0.56, respectively). A negative correlation of PM10 is recorded with WS (r = - 0.27) and RF (r = - 0.46). This study's results motivate routine air quality monitoring owing to the high levels of pollution in this region. For this purpose, the establishment of air monitoring stations is highly suggested for both PM and meteorology. Air quality standards and legislation need to be revised and implemented. Moreover, the development of effective control strategies for air pollution is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar Zeb
- Department of Mathematics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (Upper), 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Khan Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Badshah Ud Din
- University Boys College, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahsan Raza
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Parvin R. The Nexus Between COVID-19 Factors and Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231164288. [PMID: 37065166 PMCID: PMC10099915 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231164288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There have been significant effects of the current coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection outbreak on many facets of everyday life, particularly the environment. Despite the fact that a number of studies have already been published on the topic, an analysis of those studies' findings on COVID-19's effects on environmental pollution is still lacking. The goal of the research is to look into greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution in Bangladesh when COVID-19 is under rigorous lockdown. The specific drivers of the asymmetric relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 are being investigated. METHODS The nonlinear relationship between carbon dioxide ( C O 2 ) emissions, fine particulate matter ( P M 2 . 5 ) , and COVID-19, as well as its precise components, are also being investigated. To examine the asymmetric link between COVID-19 factors on C O 2 emissions and P M 2 . 5 , we employed the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. Daily positive cases and daily confirmed death by COVID-19 are considered the factors of COVID-19, with lockdown as a dummy variable. RESULTS The bound test confirmed the existence of long-run and short-run relationships between variables. Bangladesh's strict lockdown, enforced in reaction to a surge of COVID-19 cases, reduced air pollution and dangerous gas emissions, mainly C O 2 , according to the dynamic multipliers graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Parvin
- Rehana Parvin, Department of Quantitative
Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
(IUBAT), 4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Uttara, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
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