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Akhtar N, Tahir A, Abbas M, Zaman N, Qadir A, Arshad M. Temporal trends in indoor bioaerosols: implications for dental healthcare environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38944751 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, a significant public health hazard, is predicted to cause 10 million deaths worldwide by 2050. The study aimed to identify culturable bioaerosols in the indoor air of dental units in Lahore and assess their antibiotic resistance. Air samples were collected from 10 dental unit locations at different distances, with average concentrations of fungi and bacteria falling within intermediate ranges, per the Global Index of Microbial Contamination (GIMC/m3) index. The study found higher antibiotic-resistant strains in hospital dental units, particularly during winter. The most vigorous strain, S.aureus-NAJIH18, exhibited 70% resistance to ceftazidime. The research highlights the importance of quantifying microbial pollutants for evaluating their source and complexity. It suggests proactive mitigation techniques, such as focused cleaning and air filtration, to improve indoor air quality can mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. These insights offer hope in combating the growing public health threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Tahir
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeza Abbas
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasib Zaman
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Basic Science, Jhang Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zou X, Ding H, Sun Q, Lu WL, Liu Y, Zhang S, Yin Z, Shi C, He G, Chien CW, Liu J, Liu J. Analysis of sterilizer allocation and related factors in dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:416. [PMID: 38580975 PMCID: PMC10996231 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and related factors of sterilizers in dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the health administrative department to formulate regional quality control programs and systems, proposing reasonable suggestions for optimizing the allocation of sterilizer resources in Yunnan's dental health-care settings, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2600 dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province in March 2020. Uni-variable linear regression, multi-variable linear regression, curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to understand the relationship between dental units and sterilizers. RESULTS A total of 2600 dental health-care settings were included. The disinfection and sterilization work were mainly completed by the dental department in 1510(58.1%) institutions. 44(1.7%) institutions were not allocated sterilization equipment, and 1632 (62.8%) had only one sterilizer. The median allocation of sterilizers was 1.0. Uni-variable linear regression showed significant differences in covariates such as dental unit, dental handpiece, disinfection equipment, dentist, and dental assistant, which were more sensitive (p < 0.001) and statistically significant. The adjusted model was more stable in the multi-variable linear regression, and the differences in covariates between different settings were statistically significant. Curve fitting revealed an S-shaped curvilinear relationship between the number of dental units and sterilizers in oral healthcare settings. CONCLUSION The disinfection and sterilization work was mainly completed by the dental department in dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province. Sterilizer allocation increases with the number of dental units, but some institutions have insufficient allocation of sterilizer and manpower resources, resulting in certain risks of infection control. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen supervision, inspection and regional quality control work in infection control of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Zou
- Department of Infection Management, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Key Laboratory of Melanoma Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan (Yunnan Cancer Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Wen Lin Lu
- Department of the Second Clinic, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Infection Management, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Shinan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Zhangcheng Yin
- Department of General Office, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Congchong Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Guozhong He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, 518055, China
| | - Jie Liu
- People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of General Office, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China.
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Schalli M, Platzer S, Schmutz R, Ofner-Kopeinig P, Reinthaler FF, Haas D. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide: The Lifespan of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in Bottled Carbonated Mineral Water. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030432. [PMID: 36979124 PMCID: PMC10045048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
During the process of mineral water production, many possible contamination settings can influence the quality of bottled water. Microbial contamination can originate from different sources, for example, the ambient air, the bottles, the caps, and from the bottling machine itself. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (3.0 g/L, 5.5 g/L, and 7.0 g/L; 20 bottles each) in bottled mineral water on the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (Ent. faecalis). The examined mineral water was artificially contaminated before capping the bottles inside the factory. After a specific number of days, water samples were taken from freshly opened bottles and after filtration (100 mL), filters were placed on Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep blood to cultivate S. aureus and Slanetz and Bartley Agar to cultivate Ent. faecalis. The respective colony-forming units (CFU) were counted after incubation times ranging from 24 to 120 h. Colony-forming units of S. aureus were not detectable after the 16th and 27th day, whereas Ent. faecalis was not cultivable after the 5th and 13th day when stored inside the bottles. The investigation of the bottles that were stored open for a certain amount of time with CO2 bubbling out showed only single colonies for S. aureus after the 5th day and no CFUs for Ent. faecalis after the 17th day. A reduction in the two investigated bacterial strains during storage in carbonated mineral water bottles means that a proper standardized disinfection and cleaning procedure, according to valid hygiene standards of industrial bottling machines, cannot be replaced by carbonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schalli
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73610
| | - Sabine Platzer
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmutz
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Ofner-Kopeinig
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Haas
- Applied Hygiene and Aerobiology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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