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Korkmaz K, Bolat I, Uzun A, Sahin M, Kaya O. Selection and Molecular Characterization of Promising Plum Rootstocks ( Prunus cerasifera L.) among Seedling-Origin Trees. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1476. [PMID: 37511851 PMCID: PMC10381345 DOI: 10.3390/life13071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh) has been used worldwide both as a genetic source for breeding new rootstocks and as clonal rootstock for many Prunus species. Considering situations where wild relatives of plums are endangered, in-depth characterization of rootstock traits of genetic diversity of plum germplasm of Turkey with many ecogeographical locations is crucial. In the present study, therefore, three steps were followed for the selection of rootstock candidates among the plum germplasm grown in the Middle Euphrates. This region is characterized by an extremely hot climate with extremely warm summers and very low precipitation in summers. Initially, 79 rootstock candidates were selected based on rootstocks traits, and Myrobalan 29C was also used for the control rootstock in all steps. Hardwood cuttings were taken from each rootstock candidate, and after the rooting process in rootstock candidates, 39 rootstock candidates outperforming other candidates were selected according to root characteristics. Based on rooting ability, forty rootstock candidates with the longest root length below 33.50 mm, root number below 3.00, and rooting cutting number below 30.00% were eliminated. The second step of the study focused on the dwarfing characteristics of 39 rootstock candidates, and 13 and Myrobalan 29C out of 39 rootstock candidates' dwarfing traits showed value higher compared to the other 26 rootstock candidates. Results indicated that the vigor of rootstock candidates was usually found to be strong (26), intermediate (4), and weak (9). Moreover, 13 out of 39 rootstock candidates' dwarfism trait was better than the other 26 rootstock candidates. In Step 3, some morphological, physiological, and molecular evaluations were conducted in 13 rootstock candidates and the Myrobalan 29C clone, and there were significant differences between both rootstock candidates and the parameters evaluated. PCA has also been indicated that the reference rootstock Myrobalan 29C was grouped with 63B62, 63B69, and 63B14. The highest genetic similarity was found between 63B11 and 63B16, as well as between 63B76 and 63B66, while the lowest genetic similarity was observed between 63B72 and 63B61 candidates. Overall, the findings presented here provide valuable information about the level of rootstock candidates that could potentially be superior among previously uncharacterized plum cultivars in this plum-growing region of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Korkmaz
- Department of Horticulture, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Harran University, Sanlıurfa 63290, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Bolat
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63290, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Uzun
- Department of Horticulture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye
| | - Muge Sahin
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, İzmir 35660, Türkiye
| | - Ozkan Kaya
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Erzincan 24060, Türkiye
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Ciccoritti R, Manganiello R, Antonucci F, Ceccarelli D. Interactive Effect of Cultivars, Crop Years and Rootstocks on the Biochemical Traits of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2325. [PMID: 37375950 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Peach fruit is one of the most economically widespread temperate fruits, whose productivity, and nutritional and sensory qualities are determined by interactions among several environmental and genetic factors, rootstocks, agronomic practices and pedo-climatic conditions. In recent years, climate change has prompted peach breeding programs to use specific rootstocks that are well adapted to unusual soil and climate characteristics, thus improving the plant's adaptability and fruit quality. The aim of this work was to assess the biochemical and nutraceutical profile of two different peach cultivars, considering their growth on different rootstocks over three crop years. An analysis was carried out evaluating the interactive effect of all factors (i.e., cultivars, crop years and rootstocks) revealing the advantages or disadvantages on growth of the different rootstocks. Soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total polyphenols, total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in fruit skin and pulp were analyzed. An analysis of variance was performed to assess the differences between the two cultivars considering the effect of rootstock (one way) and crop years, rootstocks and their interaction (two ways). In addition, two principal component analyses were performed separately on the phytochemical traits of the two cultivars to visualize the distributions of the five peach rootstocks during the three crop years. The results showed that fruit quality parameters are strongly dependent on cultivars, rootstocks and climatic conditions. All these aspects could be useful for the choice of rootstock in relation to agronomic management, making this study a valuable tool for choosing the best rootstock, considering simultaneously more factors affecting peaches' biochemical and nutraceutical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccoritti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura-Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Manganiello
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari-Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonucci
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari-Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Ceccarelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura-Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
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Javed Tareen M, Wang X, Ali I, Bibi Y, Naveed Tareen M, Fiaz S, Shahzad R, Ahmed W, Qayyum A. Influence of Scion/Rootstock reciprocal effects on post-harvest and metabolomics regulation in stored peaches. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:427-435. [PMID: 35002438 PMCID: PMC8716958 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peach is an important stone fruit crop cultivated at commercial scale in Pakistan. While, appropriate selection of rootstock has significant impact on the quality of peach fruit. Therefore, in the current study the influence of three rootstocks viz. ‘GF-677′, ‘Peshawar Local’ and ‘Swat Local’ were evaluated on the quality of ‘Flordaking’ peaches following cold storage during two consecutive years. The fruit from these rootstocks were kept at 0 °C for five weeks were studied for various fruit physical (weight loss, colour, firmness) and biochemical (pH, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC:TA ratio, fruit juice pH, sugars (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and free radicals scavenging activities) were evaluated. During both years, fruit harvested form trees grafted on ‘GF-677′ exhibited reduced fruit weight loss, changes in Chroma (C*) and highest fruit firmness, Lightness (L*), ascorbic acid contents and radical scavenging activities as compared to fruit harvested from tree grafted on other rootstocks. In conclusion, the post-harvest quality of scion ‘Flordaking’ peach fruit was significantly influenced and best quality can be obtained when it is grafted on ‘GF-677′ rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Tareen
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300 Pakistan
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Agriculture Research Institute, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Irfan Ali
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300 Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ahmed
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
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Radović M, Milatović D, Tešić Ž, Tosti T, Gašić U, Dojčinović B, Dabić Zagorac D. Influence of rootstocks on the chemical composition of the fruits of plum cultivars. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zafar SA, Hameed A, Ashraf M, Khan AS, Qamar ZU, Li X, Siddique KHM. Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:440-453. [PMID: 32209204 DOI: 10.1071/fp19246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant diversity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Adeel Zafar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; and Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), PO Box 128, Faisalabad, Pakistan; and National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), PO Box 128, Faisalabad, Pakistan; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), PO Box 128, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdus Salam Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ul- Qamar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), PO Box 128, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Falagán N, Artés F, Aguayo E. Heat treatment as postharvest tool for improving quality in extra-early nectarines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1469-1475. [PMID: 28786114 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra-early nectarine cultivars such as 'VioWhite 5' could present a lack of organoleptic and nutritional quality. Heat treatments (HT) can be applied to improve their primary characteristics. In this experiment, control (non-treated), HT1 (3 h; 45 °C) and HT2 (2 h; 50 °C) were studied. Fruit were stored (10 days; 0 ± 0.5 °C; 90-95% RH) followed by a simulated retail sale period (3 days; 15 °C; 70-75% RH). RESULTS HT fruit showed higher weight loss (2.76 ± 0.06% and 3.32 ± 0.01% for HT1 and HT2 , respectively; vs. 2.23 ± 0.14% for control) and lower firmness than control samples (28.88% and 21.67% less for HT1 and HT2 , respectively). HT treatments induced an increase in soluble solids content and a decrease in total acidity, which led to a better sensory quality. These changes were positively received by consumers. Total antioxidant capacity was enhanced by HT due to an increase in phenolic compound content. A higher enzymatic activity was found in pectin methylesterase and polygaracturonase in HT nectarines when compared to control. CONCLUSION The application of HT on extra-early nectarine cv. demonstrated a strong potential to improve consumption quality in the industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Falagán
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Food and Health Unit, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Food and Health Unit, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Aguayo
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Food and Health Unit, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
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Sochor J, Krska B, Polak J, Jurikova T. The influence of virus infections on antioxidant levels in the genetically modified plum variety "Honeysweet" (Prunus domestica L.). POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that polyphenolic compounds are found abundantly in fruit, but various kinds of diseases lower these levels. This work measures total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and the levels of specific important antioxidants in fruits of the genetically modified (GM) plum variety HoneySweet, trees which were previously inoculated with a range of different virus infections. These were the Plum Pox virus (PPV), Prune Dwarf virus (PDV) and Apple Chlorotic Leaf-Spot virus (ACLSV). Uninoculated trees were used as controls. Antioxidant activity was measured using four different photometric methods – DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), DMPD (N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power). Total polyphenol content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteau method. The profiles of 10 specific antioxidant constituents in the fruits of the GM plum variety HoneySweet were detected and analyzed, since these are of interest for their role in human diets and could play a role in the resistance of plants to viruses. Detection was made using HPLC with UV-VIS detection. They were: gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, rutin and quercetin. The compound with the highest concentration was chlorogenic acid (587 mg/100 g), and that with the lowest was p-coumaric acid (0.95 mg/100 g). Of the four methods of antioxidant activity used, in three the lowest levels of antioxidant activity were seen where the PPV virus was combined with ACLSV, and in three the highest levels were seen in the un-inoculated control without any infection. The highest values of total polyphenols were seen in the control (65.3 mg/100 g), followed by infection of PPV, then treatment PPV, PDV and ACLSV, then treatment PPV and PDV and finally the lowest levels were seen in treatment PPV and ACLSV (44.2 mg/100 g), which was also that with the lowest antioxidant activity.
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