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Alkharsah KR, Alzahrani AJ, Obeid OE, Aljindan RY, Guella A, Al-Ali AK, Al-Turaifi HR, Sallam TA. Association between Hepatitis C Virus Viremia and the rs12979860, rs2228145 and rs1800795 SNP (CT/AC/GG) Genotype in Saudi Kidney Transplant Recipients. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 8:46-52. [PMID: 31929778 PMCID: PMC6945315 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_175_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem, particularly in high-risk groups such as kidney transplant recipients, where it can adversely affect graft survival and increase the relative risk for mortality. Recently, the role of genetic variation among HCV patients in determining the outcome of infections has been under investigation. Objective: To investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12979860 (located within the interleukin-28B locus), rs2228145 (interleukin-6 receptor) and rs1800795 (interleukin-6 promoter) with HCV viremia in renal transplant patients. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 149 kidney transplant recipients, 82 males (median age: 41 years) and 67 females (median age: 45 years), were screened for HCV RNA in blood using real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotyped by sequencing (rs12979860) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rs2228145 and rs1800795). Results: HCV RNA was detected in 17 (11.41%) of the 149 patients. There was no statistically significant association between the studied SNPs and HCV viremia. However, a combination of the CT/AC/GG genotype was significantly associated with HCV viremia (odds ratio: 5.4). The genotype AA of rs2228145 in the IL-6 receptor was associated with viremia levels of >105 copies/ml (odds ratio: 5.96). Conclusion: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that has shown that the CT/AC/GG genotype has an impact on HCV viremia in kidney transplant patients. Therefore, such SNP genotypes may potentially be used to identify transplant patients at risk of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R Alkharsah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhussain J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obeid E Obeid
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Y Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnane Guella
- Prince Sultan Research Center, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain R Al-Turaifi
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal A Sallam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Bahah, Saudi Arabia
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Xie Z, Li Y, Long L, Liang H, Cai W, Shen T. Polymorphisms in the Th17 cell-related RORC gene are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in Chinese women. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:254. [PMID: 29866105 PMCID: PMC5987631 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female gender and favorable IFNL3 genotypes are the primary independent predictors of spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. However, chronic hepatitis C infection occurs in numerous women carrying favorable IFNL3 genotypes, indicating that other host and/or virological factors contribute to the prognosis of infection. METHODS A cohort of 137 anti-HCV-positive female Han Chinese cases, including 64 chronic HCV carriers and 73 HCV spontaneous resolvers, was recruited in the study. 111 SNPs in 23 genes encoding HCV co-receptors, transcription factors, Toll-like receptors, co-stimulating molecules, and cytokines were selected for SNP analysis. RESULTS After comparison of genotypes and allelotype frequencies of 111 SNPs in 23 genes in the primary cohort, the SNPs rs9826 (P = 0.024 for CC/TT/CT; P = 0.015 for C allele/T allele) and rs1521177 (P = 0.017 for GG/TT/GT; P = 0.006 for G allele/T allele) in the RORC gene were significantly associated with spontaneous HCV clearance. In the sub-cohort carrying favorable IFNL3 genotypes (rs12979860CC, rs8099917 TT, rs12980275 AA), rs1521177 (genotype: P = 0.040; allelotype: P = 0.021) remained significantly associated with spontaneous HCV clearance. Importantly, the most common RORC haplotype rs9826-T/rs1521177-T was presented at significantly different frequencies in resolvers and carriers in both the primary cohort (P = 0.0027) and the IFNL3 favorable sub-cohort (P = 0.0117). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that genetic polymorphisms in human Th17-related RORC gene are associated with different natural prognosis of HCV infection. The RORC haplotype, rs9826-T/rs1521177-T, was favorable for spontaneous clearance of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yuantao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hua Liang
- State Key laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
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Aisyah DN, Shallcross L, Hully AJ, O'Brien A, Hayward A. Assessing hepatitis C spontaneous clearance and understanding associated factors-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:680-698. [PMID: 29345844 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New advances in the treatment of hepatitis C provide high levels of sustained viral response but their expense limits availability in publicly funded health systems. The aim of this review was to estimate the proportion of patients who will spontaneously clear HCV, to identify factors that are associated with clearance and to support better targeting of directly acting antivirals. We searched Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed from 1 January 1994 to 30 June 2015 for studies reporting hepatitis C spontaneous clearance and/or demographic, clinical and behavioural factors associated with clearance. We undertook meta-analyses to estimate the odds of clearance for each predictor. Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 20 110 individuals, and 6 of these studies included sufficient data to estimate spontaneous clearance. The proportion achieving clearance within 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following infection were, respectively, 19.8% (95% CI: 2.6%-47.5%), 27.9% (95% CI: 17.2%-41.8%), 36.1% (95% CI: 23.5%-50.9%) and 37.1% (95% CI: 23.7%-52.8%). Individuals who had not spontaneously cleared by 12 months were unlikely to do so. The likelihood of spontaneous clearance was lower in males and individuals with HIV co-infection, the absence of HBV co-infection, asymptomatic infection, black or nonindigenous race, nongenotype 1 infection, older age and alcohol or drug problems. This study suggests that patients continue to spontaneously clear HCV for at least 12 months following initial infection. However, injecting drug users are comparatively less likely to achieve clearance; thus, they should be considered a priority for early treatment given the continuing risks that these individuals pose for onwards transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Aisyah
- UCL Infectious Disease Informatics, Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, UK.,Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - L Shallcross
- UCL Infectious Disease Informatics, Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, UK
| | - A J Hully
- Kings College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - A O'Brien
- UCL Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Hayward
- UCL Infectious Disease Informatics, Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, UK.,Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
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Moqueet N, Kanagaratham C, Gill MJ, Hull M, Walmsley S, Radzioch D, Saeed S, Platt RW, Klein MB. A prognostic model for development of significant liver fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C co-infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176282. [PMID: 28467457 PMCID: PMC5415136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis progresses rapidly in HIV-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected individuals partially due to heightened inflammation. Immune markers targeting stages of fibrogenesis could aid in prognosis of fibrosis. METHODS A case-cohort study was nested in the prospective Canadian Co-infection Cohort (n = 1119). HCV RNA positive individuals without fibrosis, end-stage liver disease or chronic Hepatitis B at baseline (n = 679) were eligible. A random subcohort (n = 236) was selected from those eligible. Pro-fibrogenic markers and Interferon Lambda (IFNL) rs8099917 genotype were measured from first available sample in all fibrosis cases (APRI ≥ 1.5 during follow-up) and the subcohort. We used Cox proportional hazards and compared Model 1 (selected clinical predictors only) to Model 2 (Model 1 plus selected markers) for predicting 3-year risk of liver fibrosis using weighted Harrell's C and Net Reclassification Improvement indices. RESULTS 113 individuals developed significant liver fibrosis over 1300 person-years (8.63 per 100 person-years 95% CI: 7.08, 10.60). Model 1 (age, sex, current alcohol use, HIV RNA, baseline APRI, HCV genotype) was nested in model 2, which also included IFNL genotype and IL-8, sICAM-1, RANTES, hsCRP, and sCD14. The C indexes (95% CI) for model 1 vs. model 2 were 0.720 (0.649, 0.791) and 0.756 (0.688, 0.825), respectively. Model 2 classified risk more appropriately (overall net reclassification improvement, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Including IFNL genotype and inflammatory markers IL-8, sICAM-1, RANTES, hs-CRP, and sCD14 enabled better prediction of the 3-year risk of significant liver fibrosis over clinical predictors alone. Whether this modest improvement in prediction justifies their additional cost requires further cost-benefit analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasheed Moqueet
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Department of Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. John Gill
- Southern Alberta HIV Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Hull
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Saeed
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert W. Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marina B. Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Moqueet N, Cooper C, Gill J, Hull M, Platt RW, Klein MB. Responder Interferon λ Genotypes Are Associated With Higher Risk of Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:80-6. [PMID: 26984148 PMCID: PMC4907413 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Liver fibrosis progresses faster in individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Interferon λ3 (IFN-λ3) has both antiviral and proinflammatory properties. Genotypes at IFNL single-nucleotide proteins (SNPs; rs12979860CC and rs8099917TT) are linked to higher HCV clearance, potentially via rs8103142. We examined the relationship between IFN-λ genotypes and significant liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV coinfection. Methods. From the prospective Canadian Co-infection Cohort (n = 1423), HCV RNA–positive participants in whom IFN-λ genotypes were detected and who were free of fibrosis, end-stage liver disease, and chronic hepatitis B at baseline (n = 485) were included. Time to significant fibrosis (defined as an aspartate transaminase level to platelet count ratio index [APRI] of ≥1.5) by IFN-λ genotypes was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards, with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, alcohol use, CD4+ T-cell count, HCV genotype, γ-glutamyl transferase level, and baseline APRI. Haplotype analysis was performed, with adjustment for ethnicity. Results. A total of 125 participants developed fibrosis over 1595 person-years (7.84 cases/100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.58–9.34 cases/100 person-years). Each genotype was associated with an increased fibrosis risk, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.37 (95% CI, .94–2.02) for rs12979860CC, 1.34 (95% CI, .91–1.97) for rs8103142TT, and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.24–2.57) for rs8099917TT. Haplotype TCT was also linked with a higher risk (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, .73–1.77]). Conclusions. IFN-λ SNPs rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs81013142 were individually linked to higher rates of fibrosis in individuals with HIV-HCV coinfection. IFN-λ genotypes may be useful to target HCV treatments to people who are at higher risk of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasheed Moqueet
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Occupational Health, McGill University
| | | | - John Gill
- Southern Alberta HIV Clinic, Calgary
| | - Mark Hull
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert W Platt
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Occupational Health, McGill University
| | - Marina B Klein
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Occupational Health, McGill University Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal
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