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Lv Z, Zhou D, Shi X, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhong C, Kang S, Zhao X, Yu H, Wang C. The determination of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod-sizes during the rapid-growth stage by phytohormones. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37491223 PMCID: PMC10369843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pod size is an important yield target trait for peanut breeding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the determination of peanut pod size still remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two peanut varieties with contrasting pod sizes were used for comparison of differences on the transcriptomic and endogenous hormonal levels. Developing peanut pods were sampled at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after pegging (DAP). Our results showed that the process of peanut pod-expansion could be divided into three stages: the gradual-growth stage, the rapid-growth stage and the slow-growth stage. Cytological analysis confirmed that the faster increase of cell-number during the rapid-growth stage was the main reason for the formation of larger pod size in Lps. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of key genes related to the auxin, the cytokinin (CK) and the gibberellin (GA) were mostly up-regulated during the rapid-growth stage. Meanwhile, the cell division-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mostly up-regulated at 10DAP which was consistent with the cytological-observation. Additionally, the absolute quantification of phytohormones were carried out by liquid-chromatography coupled with the tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and results supported the findings from comparative transcriptomic studies. CONCLUSIONS It was speculated that the differential expression levels of TAA1 and ARF (auxin-related), IPT and B-ARR (CK-related), KAO, GA20ox and GA3ox (GA-related), and certain cell division-related genes (gene-LOC112747313 and gene-LOC112754661) were important participating factors of the determination-mechanism of peanut pod sizes. These results were informative for the elucidation of the underlying regulatory network in peanut pod-growth and would facilitate further identification of valuable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Lv
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuli Kang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Peng Z, Zhao C, Li S, Guo Y, Xu H, Hu G, Liu Z, Chen X, Chen J, Lin S, Su W, Yang X. Integration of genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics identifies candidate loci underlying fruit weight in loquat. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac037. [PMID: 35137085 PMCID: PMC9071381 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit weight is an integral part of fruit-quality traits and directly influences commodity values and economic returns of fruit crops. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit weight remain understudied, especially for perennial fruit tree crops such as cultivated loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Auxin is known to regulate fruit development, whereas its role and metabolism in fruit development remain obscure in loquat. In this study, we applied a multi-omics approach, integrating whole-genome resequencing-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with an F1 population, population genomics analysis using germplasm accessions, transcriptome analysis, and metabolic profiling to identify the genomic regions potentially associated with fruit weight in loquat. We identified three major loci associated with fruit weight, supported by both QTL mapping and comparative genomic analysis between small- and big-fruited loquat cultivars. Comparison between two genotypes with contrasting fruit weight performance through transcriptomic and metabolic profiling revealed an important role of auxin in regulating fruit development, especially at the fruit enlarging stage. The multi-omics approach identified two homologs of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 4 (EjEIN4) and TORNADO 1 (EjTRN1) as promising candidates controlling fruit weight. Moreover, three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were closely associated with fruit weight. Results from this study provided insights from multiple perspectives into the genetic and metabolic controls of fruit weight in loquat. The candidate genomic regions, genes, and sequence variants will facilitate understanding the molecular basis of fruit weight and lay a foundation for future breeding and manipulation of fruit weight in loquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Chongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yihan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Shunquan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wenbing Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Xianghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Yang S, Zheng L, He P, Wu T, Sun S, Wang M. High-throughput soybean seeds phenotyping with convolutional neural networks and transfer learning. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:50. [PMID: 33952294 PMCID: PMC8097802 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective soybean seed phenotyping demands large-scale accurate quantities of morphological parameters. The traditional manual acquisition of soybean seed morphological phenotype information is error-prone, and time-consuming, which is not feasible for large-scale collection. The segmentation of individual soybean seed is the prerequisite step for obtaining phenotypic traits such as seed length and seed width. Nevertheless, traditional image-based methods for obtaining high-throughput soybean seed phenotype are not robust and practical. Although deep learning-based algorithms can achieve accurate training and strong generalization capabilities, it requires a large amount of ground truth data which is often the limitation step. RESULTS We showed a novel synthetic image generation and augmentation method based on domain randomization. We synthesized a plenty of labeled image dataset automatedly by our method to train instance segmentation network for high throughput soybean seeds segmentation. It can pronouncedly decrease the cost of manual annotation and facilitate the preparation of training dataset. And the convolutional neural network can be purely trained by our synthetic image dataset to achieve a good performance. In the process of training Mask R-CNN, we proposed a transfer learning method which can reduce the computing costs significantly by finetuning the pre-trained model weights. We demonstrated the robustness and generalization ability of our method by analyzing the result of synthetic test datasets with different resolution and the real-world soybean seeds test dataset. CONCLUSION The experimental results show that the proposed method realized the effective segmentation of individual soybean seed and the efficient calculation of the morphological parameters of each seed and it is practical to use this approach for high-throughput objects instance segmentation and high-throughput seeds phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Peng He
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shi Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 251100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ren H, Wu Y, Ahmed T, Qi X, Li B. Response of Resistant and Susceptible Bayberry Cultivars to Infection of Twig Blight Pathogen by Histological Observation and Gibberellin Related Genes Expression. Pathogens 2021; 10:402. [PMID: 33805451 PMCID: PMC8066835 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayberry is an important fruit tree native to the subtropical regions of China. However, a systematic twig blight disease caused by Pestalotiopsis versicolor and P. microspora, resulted in the death of the whole tree of bayberry. The main variety Dongkui is highly sensitive to the twig blight disease, but the variety Zaojia is very highly resistant to the disease. Therefore, it is very necessary to clear the difference between resistant and susceptible varieties in response to the fungal infection. In this paper, we investigated the response of resistant and susceptible bayberry cultivars to infection of twig blight pathogen by histological observation and gibberellin signaling pathway-related genes expression. Microscopic observation revealed the difference in the infection process between resistant and susceptible varieties. The results of frozen scanning electron microscopy showed that the Pestalotiopsis conidia were shrunk, the mycelium was shriveled and did not extend into the cells of resistant cultivars, while the conidia were full and the top was extended, the mycelia was normal and continued to extend to the cells of a susceptible cultivar. Indeed, the medulla cells were almost intact in resistant cultivar, but obviously damaged in susceptible cultivar after inoculation of the main fungal pathogen P. versicolor conidia, which is earlier germinated on sterile glass slide than that of a hard plastic slide. The quantitative real-time PCR results showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible cultivars in the expression of gibberellin signaling pathway-related genes in leaves and stems of bayberry, which is closely related to infection time, the type of genes and varieties. Overall, this study provides a clue for our understanding of the resistance mechanism of bayberry against the twig blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ren
- The Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yangchun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- The Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.R.); (X.Q.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Lang Y, Liu Z. Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor family in Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge): Genome-wide characterization, chromosome location, phylogeny, structures and expression patterns. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:711-723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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ddRAD-seq derived genome-wide SNPs, high density linkage map and QTLs for fruit quality traits in strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:353. [PMID: 32760641 PMCID: PMC7385052 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic determinants are essential for improving the fruit quality traits of strawberry. In this study, we focused on mapping the loci for fruit-length (FL), -diameter (FD), -weight (FW) and -soluble solid content (SSC) using the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified via ddRAD-sequencing of the F1 population raised from Maehyang (♀) X Festival (♂). A total of 12,698 high quality SNPs were identified of which 1554 SNPs that showed significant Mendelian segregation (p < 0.05) were mapped to 53 linkage groups (LG) spanning a total of 2937.93 cM with an average marker density of 2.14 cM/locus. Six QTLs for FL and four QTLs for each of FD, FW and SSC were identified that explained 24–35%, 21–42%, 24–54% and 23–50% of overall phenotypic variations, respectively. The genes that lie within these QTL regions were extracted and discussed thoroughly. In addition, a high resolution melting marker (MF154) were designed based on the SNP A1723G of the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase GEPI48-like gene FAN_iscf00021287. The marker detected the high vs low sugar containing F1 plants and commercial cultivars with 81.39% and 86.95% detection accuracy, respectively. These SNPs, linkage map, QTLs and candidate genes will be helpful in understanding and improving the fruit quality traits of strawberry.
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Wang H, Yang Y, Li M, Liu J, Jin W. Reinvigoration of diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca) during adventitious shoot regeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13007. [PMID: 31506476 PMCID: PMC6736952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca 'Baiguo') is a model plant for studying functional genomics in Rosaceae. Adventitious shoot regeneration is essential for functional genomics by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. An efficient shoot regeneration method using diploid strawberry leaf explants was conducted on 1/2MS + 1/2B5 medium that contained 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ over 14 days of dark culture; this induced the maximum percentage of shoot regeneration (96.44 ± 1.60%) and the highest number of shoots per explant (23.46 ± 2.14) after 11 weeks of culture. The explants considerably enlarged after 12 days; then, turned greenish brown after 30 days, yellowish brown after 36 days, and completely brown and necrotic after 48 days. Large numbers of adventitious shoots were produced from 48 to 66 days, and the shoots elongated from 66 to 78 days; this represents a critical period of reinvigoration, which included 30 days for leaf explant chlorosis, 36 days for adventitious shoot appearance, and 48 days for generation of numerous shoots. During the reinvigoration process, higher expressions of the hormone synthesis-related genes Ciszog1, CKX2, CKX3, CKX7, YUC2, YUC6, YUC10, YUC9, and GA2ox were detected from 30 to 48 days. Our results indicate that these genes may regulate reinvigoration of shoot regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Maofu Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jiashen Liu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Li H, Gao W, Xue C, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Meng X, Liu M, Zhao J. Genome-wide analysis of the bHLH gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and wild jujube. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:568. [PMID: 31291886 PMCID: PMC6617894 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, containing a large number of members with diverse functions. Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is the species with the highest economic value in the family Rhamnaceae. However, the characteristics of the bHLH family in the jujube genome are still unclear. Hence, ZjbHLHs were first searched at a genome-wide level, their expression levels under various conditions were investigated systematically, and their protein-protein interaction networks were predicted. Results We identified 92 ZjbHLHs in the jujube genome, and these genes were classified into 16 classes according to bHLH domains. Ten ZjbHLHs with atypical bHLH domains were found. Seventy ZjbHLHs were mapped to but not evenly distributed on 12 pseudo- chromosomes. The domain sequences among ZjbHLHs were highly conserved, and their conserved residues were also identified. The tissue-specific expression of 37 ZjbHLH genes in jujube and wild jujube showed diverse patterns, revealing that these genes likely perform multiple functions. Many ZjbHLH genes were screened and found to be involved in flower and fruit development, especially in earlier developmental stages. A few genes responsive to phytoplasma invasion were also verified. Based on protein-protein interaction prediction and homology comparison, protein-protein interaction networks composed of 92 ZjbHLHs were also established. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of 92 identified ZjbHLH genes. We explored their expression patterns in various tissues, the flowering process, and fruit ripening and under phytoplasma stress. The protein-protein interaction networks of ZjbHLHs provide valuable clues toward further studies of their biological functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5936-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtai Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Weilin Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chaoling Xue
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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