1
|
Potdar C, Jagtap S, Singh K, Yadav R, Pal PK, Datta I. Impaired Sonic Hedgehog Responsiveness of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Floor Plate Cells Carrying the LRRK2-I1371V Mutation Contributes to the Ontogenic Origin of Lower Dopaminergic Neuron Yield. Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 38753688 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lower population of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is known to increase susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD), and our earlier study showed a lower yield of DA neurons in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase Isoleucine 1371 Valine (LRRK2-I1371V) mutation-carrying PD patient-derived induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Although the role of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in DA neurogenesis of floor plate cells (FPCs) is known, the effect of LRRK2 mutations on SHH responsiveness of FPCs impacting DA neuronal yield has not been studied. We investigated SHH responsiveness of FPCs derived from LRRK2-I1371V PD patient iPSCs with regard to the expression of SHH receptors Patched1 (Ptch1) and Smoothened (Smo), in conjunction with nuclear Gli1 (glioma-associated oncogene 1) expression, intracellular Ca2+ rise, and cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels upon SHH induction. In addition, we examined the mechanistic link with LRRK2-I1371V gain-of-function by assessing membrane fluidity and Rab8A and Rab10 phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells and healthy control (HC) FPCs overexpressing LRRK2-I1371V as well as FPCs. Although total expression of Ptch1 and Smo was comparable, receptor expression on cell surface was significantly lower in LRRK2-I1371V FPCs than in HC FPCs, with distinctly lower nuclear expression of the downstream transcription factor Gli1. HC-FPCs transfected with LRRK2-I1371V exhibited a similarly reduced cell surface expression of Ptch1 and Smo. Intracellular Ca2+ response was significantly lower with corresponding elevated cAMP levels in LRRK2-I1371V FPCs compared with HC FPCs upon SHH stimulation. The LRRK2-I1371V mutant FPCs and LRRK2-I1371V-transfected SH-SY5Y and HC FPCs too exhibited higher autophosphorylation of phospho LRRK2 (pLRRK2) serine1292 and serine935, as well as substrate phosphorylation of Rab8A and Rab10. Concurrent increase in membrane fluidity, accompanied by a decrease in membrane cholesterol, and lower expression of lipid raft marker caveolin 1 were also observed in them. These findings suggest that impaired SHH responsiveness of LRRK2-I1371V PD FPCs indeed leads to lower yield of DA neurons during ontogeny. Reduced cell surface expression of SHH receptors is influenced by alteration in membrane fluidity owing to the increased substrate phosphorylation of Rab8A and reduced membrane protein trafficking due to pRab10, both results of the LRRK2-I1371V mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Potdar
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Soham Jagtap
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mannan A, Dhiamn S, Garg N, Singh TG. Pharmacological modulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways in Angiogenesis: A mechanistic perspective. Dev Biol 2023; 504:58-74. [PMID: 37739118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling pathway is an imperative operating network that helps in regulates the critical events during the development processes like multicellular embryo growth and patterning. Disruptions in SHh pathway regulation can have severe consequences, including congenital disabilities, stem cell renewal, tissue regeneration, and cancer/tumor growth. Activation of the SHh signal occurs when SHh binds to the receptor complex of Patch (Ptc)-mediated Smoothened (Smo) (Ptc-smo), initiating downstream signaling. This review explores how pharmacological modulation of the SHh pathway affects angiogenesis through canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical pathway for angiogenesis involves the activation of angiogenic cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2), which facilitate the process of angiogenesis. The Non-canonical pathway includes indirect activation of certain pathways like iNOS/Netrin-1/PKC, RhoA/Rock, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch signaling pathway, and so on. This review will provide a better grasp of the mechanistic approach of SHh in mediating angiogenesis, which can aid in the suppression of certain cancer and tumor growths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sonia Dhiamn
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cai Q, Luo M, Tang Y, Yu M, Yuan F, Gasser GN, Liu X, Engelhardt JF. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Is Essential for Pulmonary Ionocyte Specification in Human and Ferret Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:295-309. [PMID: 37141531 PMCID: PMC10503308 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ionocytes express high levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel that is critical for hydration of the airways and mucociliary clearance. However, the cellular mechanisms that govern ionocyte specification and function remain unclear. We observed that increased abundance of ionocytes in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium was associated with enhanced expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) effectors. In this study, we evaluated whether the SHH pathway directly impacts ionocyte differentiation and CFTR function in airway epithelia. Pharmacological HPI1-mediated inhibition of SHH signaling component GLI1 significantly impaired human basal cell specification of ionocytes and ciliated cells but significantly enhanced specification of secretory cells. By contrast, activation of the SHH pathway effector smoothened (SMO) with the chemical agonist SAG significantly enhanced ionocyte specification. The abundance of CFTR+ BSND+ ionocytes under these conditions had a direct relationship with CFTR-mediated currents in differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway cultures. These findings were corroborated in ferret ALI airway cultures generated from basal cells in which the genes encoding the SHH receptor PTCH1 or its intracellular effector SMO were genetically ablated using CRISPR-Cas9, causing aberrant activation or suppression of SHH signaling, respectively. These findings demonstrate that SHH signaling is directly involved in airway basal cell specification of CFTR-expressing pulmonary ionocytes and is likely responsible for enhanced ionocyte abundance in the CF proximal airways. Pharmacologic approaches to enhance ionocyte and reduce secretory cell specification after CFTR gene editing of basal cells may have utility in the treatment of CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; and
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meihui Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; and
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Grace N. Gasser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Inhibition of GPR39 restores defects in endothelial cell-mediated neovascularization under the duress of chronic hyperglycemia: Evidence for regulatory roles of the sonic hedgehog signaling axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208541120. [PMID: 36574661 PMCID: PMC9910611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208541120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired endothelial cell (EC)-mediated angiogenesis contributes to critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway participates in angiogenesis but is repressed in hyperglycemia by obscure mechanisms. We investigated the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 on SHH pathway activation in ECs and ischemia-induced angiogenesis in animals with chronic hyperglycemia. Human aortic ECs from healthy and type 2 diabetic (T2D) donors were cultured in vitro. GPR39 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in T2D. The EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation were attenuated by adenovirus-mediated GPR39 overexpression (Ad-GPR39) or GPR39 agonist TC-G-1008 in vitro. The production of proangiogenic factors was reduced by Ad-GPR39. Conversely, human ECs transfected with GPR39 siRNA or the mouse aortic ECs isolated from GPR39 global knockout (GPR39KO) mice displayed enhanced migration and proliferation compared with their respective controls. GPR39 suppressed the basal and ligand-dependent activation of the SHH effector GLI1, leading to attenuated EC migration. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that the GPR39 direct binding of the suppressor of fused (SUFU), the SHH pathway endogenous inhibitor, may achieve this. Furthermore, in ECs with GPR39 knockdown, the robust GLI1 activation and EC migration were abolished by SUFU overexpression. In a chronic diabetic model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia, the GPR39KO mice demonstrated a faster pace of revascularization from hind limb ischemia and lower incidence of tissue necrosis than GPR39 wild-type (GPR39WT) counterparts. These findings have provided a conceptual framework for developing therapeutic tools that ablate or inhibit GPR39 for ischemic tissue repair under metabolic stress.
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang H, Huang W. Regulation of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Functions in Ischemic Heart Disease: New Therapeutic Targets for Cardiac Remodeling and Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:896782. [PMID: 35677696 PMCID: PMC9167961 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.896782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ischemia and hypoxia following myocardial infarction (MI) cause subsequent cardiomyocyte (CM) loss, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and paracrine effects and thus have important clinical value in alternative processes for repairing damaged hearts. In fact, this study showed that the endogenous repair of EPCs may not be limited to a single cell type. EPC interactions with cardiac cell populations and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ischemic heart disease can attenuate cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in a microenvironment, regulate cell survival and apoptosis, nourish CMs, enhance mature neovascularization, alleviate adverse ventricular remodeling after infarction and enhance ventricular function. In this review, we introduce the definition and discuss the origin and biological characteristics of EPCs and summarize the mechanisms of EPC recruitment in ischemic heart disease. We focus on the crosstalk between EPCs and endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), CMs, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), and MSCs during cardiac remodeling and repair. Finally, we discuss the translation of EPC therapy to the clinic and treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hollier PL, Chapouly C, Diop A, Guimbal S, Cornuault L, Gadeau AP, Renault MA. Full-length Dhh and N-terminal Shh act as competitive antagonists to regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2489-2501. [PMID: 33063110 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic potential of Hedgehog (Hh) signalling agonists for vascular diseases is of growing interest. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of the Hh signalling in vascular biology remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present article is to clarify some conflicting literature data. METHODS AND RESULTS With this goal, we have demonstrated that, unexpectedly, ectopically administered N-terminal Sonic Hh (N-Shh) and endogenous endothelial-derived Desert Hh (Dhh) induce opposite effects in endothelial cells (ECs). Notably, endothelial Dhh acts under its full-length soluble form (FL-Dhh) and activates Smoothened in ECs, while N-Shh inhibits it. At molecular level, N-Shh prevents FL-Dhh binding to Patched-1 (Ptch1) demonstrating that N-Shh acts as competitive antagonist to FL-Dhh. Besides, we found that even though FL-Hh ligands and N-Hh ligands all bind Ptch1, they induce distinct Ptch1 localization. Finally, we confirmed that in a pathophysiological setting, i.e. brain inflammation, astrocyte-derived N-Shh acts as a FL-Dhh antagonist. CONCLUSION The present study highlights for the first time that FL-Dhh and N-Hh ligands have antagonistic properties especially in ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Hollier
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Candice Chapouly
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Aissata Diop
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Sarah Guimbal
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Lauriane Cornuault
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, U1034, 1, avenue de Magellan, F-33604 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salybekov AA, Kunikeyev AD, Kobayashi S, Asahara T. Latest Advances in Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Translation to the Clinic. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:734562. [PMID: 34671654 PMCID: PMC8520929 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.734562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all nucleated cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are heterogeneous spheroid patterned or round shape particles ranging from 30 to 200 nm in size. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that endothelial progenitor cell-derived EVs (EPC-EVs) have a beneficial therapeutic effect in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and kidney, and lung disorders. Moreover, some animal studies have shown that EPC-EVs selectively accumulate at the injury site with a specific mechanism of binding along with angiogenic and restorative effects that are superior to those of their ancestors. This review article highlights current advances in the biogenesis, delivery route, and long-term storage methods of EPC-EVs and their favorable effects such as anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and tissue protection in various diseases. Finally, we review the possibility of therapeutic application of EPC-EVs in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amankeldi A Salybekov
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan.,Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan.,Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Aidyn D Kunikeyev
- Department of Software Engineering, Kazakh National Technical University After K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shuzo Kobayashi
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan.,Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaik S, Maegawa S, Gopalakrishnan V. Medulloblastoma: novel insights into emerging therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:615-619. [PMID: 34602009 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1982896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shavali Shaik
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N, Madadi S, Nobari S, Maadi H, Keshmiri Neghab H, Amini R, Pishnamazi M. Angioregulatory microRNAs in breast cancer: Molecular mechanistic basis and implications for therapeutic strategies. J Adv Res 2021; 37:235-253. [PMID: 35499045 PMCID: PMC9039675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated angiogenesis is a fundamental process in tumor growth and metastasis. Angioregulatory miRNA–target gene interaction is not only involved in sprouting vessels of breast tumors but also, trans-differentiation of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells in a process termed vasculogenic mimicry. Successful targeting of tumor angiogenesis is still a missing link in the treatment of Breast cancer (BC) due to the low effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapies in this cancer. Response to anti-angiogenic therapeutics are controlled by a miRNAs, so the identification of interaction networks of miRNAs–targets can be applicable in determining anti-angiogeneic therapy and new biomarkers in BC. Angioregulatory miRNAs in breast cancer cells and their microenvironment have therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
Background Cancer-associated angiogenesis is a fundamental process in tumor growth and metastasis. A variety of signaling regulators and pathways contribute to establish neovascularization, among them as small endogenous non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play prominent dual regulatory function in breast cancer (BC) angiogenesis. Aim of Review This review aims at describing the current state-of-the-art in BC angiogenesis-mediated by angioregulatory miRNAs, and an overview of miRNAs dysregulation association with the anti-angiogenic response in addition to potential clinical application of miRNAs-based therapeutics. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Angioregulatory miRNA–target gene interaction is not only involved in sprouting vessels of breast tumors but also, trans-differentiation of BC cells to endothelial cells (ECs) in a process termed vasculogenic mimicry. Using canonical and non-canonical angiogenesis pathways, the tumor cell employs the oncogenic characteristics such as miRNAs dysregulation to increase survival, proliferation, oxygen and nutrient supply, and treatment resistance. Angioregulatory miRNAs in BC cells and their microenvironment have therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Although, miRNAs dysregulation can serve as tumor biomarker nevertheless, due to the association of miRNAs dysregulation with anti-angiogenic resistant phenotype, clinical benefits of anti-angiogenic therapy might be challenging in BC. Hence, unveiling the molecular mechanism underlying angioregulatory miRNAs sparked a booming interest in finding new treatment strategies such as miRNA-based therapies in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding authorsat: Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, Tehran 1315795613, Iran (Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar). University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland (Mahboubeh Pishnamazi).
| | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Nobari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Pishnamazi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Corresponding authorsat: Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, Tehran 1315795613, Iran (Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar). University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland (Mahboubeh Pishnamazi).
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pillalamarri N, Abdullah, Ren G, Khan L, Ullah A, Jonnakuti S, Ullah M. Exploring the utility of extracellular vesicles in ameliorating viral infection-associated inflammation, cytokine storm and tissue damage. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101095. [PMID: 33887552 PMCID: PMC8053440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential mediators of intercellular communication. EVs are nano-sized, lipid membrane-bound vesicles that contains biological information in the form of proteins, metabolites and/or nucleic acids. EVs are key regulators of tissue repair mechanisms, such as in the context of lung injuries. Recent studies suggest that EVs have the ability to repair COVID19-associated acute lung damage. EVs hold great promise for therapeutic treatments, particularly in treating a potentially fatal autoimmune response and attenuate inflammation. They are known to boost lung immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including viral infection. EV-based immunization technology has been proven to elicit robust immune responses in many models of infectious disease, including COVID-19. The field of EV research has tremendous potential in advancing our understanding about viral infection pathogenesis, and can be translated into anti-viral therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagavalli Pillalamarri
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Abdullah
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, United States
| | - Gang Ren
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Luqman Khan
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Asad Ullah
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Sriya Jonnakuti
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giarretta I, Sturiale CL, Gatto I, Pacioni S, Gaetani E, Porfidia A, Puca A, Palucci I, Tondi P, Olivi A, Pallini R, Pola R. Sonic hedgehog is expressed in human brain arteriovenous malformations and induces arteriovenous malformations in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:324-335. [PMID: 32169015 PMCID: PMC8369994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20912405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in arterial versus venous endothelial cell identity and dysregulation of angiogenesis are deemed important in the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is crucial for both angiogenesis and arterial versus venous differentiation of endothelial cells, through its dual role on the vascular endothelial growth factor/Notch signaling and the nuclear orphan receptor COUP-TFII. In this study, we show that Shh, Gli1 (the main transcription factor of the Shh pathway), and COUP-TFII (a target of the non-canonical Shh pathway) are aberrantly expressed in human brain AVMs. We also show that implantation of pellets containing Shh in the cornea of Efnb2/LacZ mice induces growth of distinct arteries and veins, interconnected by complex sets of arteriovenous shunts, without an interposed capillary bed, as seen in AVMs. We also demonstrate that injection in the rat brain of a plasmid containing the human Shh gene induces the growth of tangles of tortuous and dilated vessels, in part positive and in part negative for the arterial marker αSMA, with direct connections between αSMA-positive and -negative vessels. In summary, we show that the Shh pathway is active in human brain AVMs and that Shh-induced angiogenesis has characteristics reminiscent of those seen in AVMs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Giarretta
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo L Sturiale
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gatto
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Porfidia
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Puca
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Istitute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tondi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pola
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Division of Cardiovascular Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen S, Wang B, Fu X, Liang Y, Chai X, Ye Z, Li R, He Y, Kong G, Lian J, Li X, Chen T, Zhang X, Qiu X, Tang X, Zhou K, Lin B, Zeng J. ALKAL1 gene silencing prevents colorectal cancer progression via suppressing Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:150-162. [PMID: 33391411 PMCID: PMC7738833 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been described in a range of human cancers and is involved in cancer initiation and progression via activating multiple signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT, CRKL-C3G, MEKK2/3-MEK5-ERK5, JAK-STAT and MAPK signal pathways. Recently ALK and LTK ligand 1 (ALKAL1) also named “augmentor-β” or “FAM150A” is identified as a potent activating ligands for human ALK that bind to the extracellular domain of ALK. However, due to its poor stability, the mechanisms of ALKAL1 underlying the tumor progression in the human cancers including colorectal cancer have not been well documented. Herein, ALKAL1 expression was evaluated by RNA sequencing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 625 cases colorectal cancer, immunohistochemical analysis of 377 cases colorectal cancer tissues, and Western blotting even Real-time PCR of 10 pairs of colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues, as well as 8 colorectal cancer cell lines. Statistical analysis was performed to explore the correlation between ALKAL1 expression and clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to examine the association between ALKAL1 expression and overall survival. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the biological roles of ALKAL1 in colorectal cancer. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Western blotting and luciferase assays were used to identify the underlying signal pathway involved in the tumor progression role of ALKAL1. As a result, we showed that ALKAL1 was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of ALKAL1 correlated with tumor malignancy and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. ALKAL1 silencing inhibited tumorigenesis, metastasis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells, and inhibited SHH signaling pathway, which is essential for ALKAL1 induced migration. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which ALKAL1 participates in colorectal cancer migration and invasion via activating the SHH signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Marina Bay Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, China
| | - Xingxing Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ronggang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Yaoming He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Gang Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Jiachun Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.,Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zakeri N, Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Solati-Hashjin M. Signaling molecules orchestrating liver regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1715-1737. [PMID: 33043611 DOI: 10.1002/term.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver is in charge of more than 500 functions in the human body, which any damage and failure to the liver can significantly compromise human life. Numerous studies are being carried out in regenerative medicine, as a potential driving force, toward alleviating the need for liver donors and fabrication of a 3D-engineered transplantable hepatic tissue. Liver tissue engineering brings three main factors of cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules together, while each of these three factors tries to mimic the physiological state of the tissue to direct tissue regeneration. Signaling molecules play a crucial role in directing tissue fabrication in liver tissue engineering. When mimicking the natural in vivo process of regeneration, it is tightly associated with three main phases of differentiation, proliferation (progression), and tissue maturation through vascularization while directing each of these phases is highly regulated by the specific signaling molecules. The understanding of how these signaling molecules guide the dynamic behavior of regeneration would be a tool for further tailoring of bioengineered systems to help the liver regeneration with many cellular, molecular, and tissue-level functions. Hence, the signaling molecules come to aid all these phases for further improvements toward the clinical use of liver tissue engineering as the goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirdamadi
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ciesielski O, Biesiekierska M, Panthu B, Vialichka V, Pirola L, Balcerczyk A. The Epigenetic Profile of Tumor Endothelial Cells. Effects of Combined Therapy with Antiangiogenic and Epigenetic Drugs on Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072606. [PMID: 32283668 PMCID: PMC7177242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors require a constant supply of nutrients to grow which are provided through tumor blood vessels. To metastasize, tumors need a route to enter circulation, that route is also provided by tumor blood vessels. Thus, angiogenesis is necessary for both tumor progression and metastasis. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family lead to the activation of endothelial cells, proliferation, and neovascularization. Significant VEGF-A upregulation is commonly observed in cancer cells, also due to hypoxic conditions, and activates endothelial cells (ECs) by paracrine signaling stimulating cell migration and proliferation, resulting in tumor-dependent angiogenesis. Conversely, antiangiogenic factors inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing ECs activation. One of the best-known anti-angiogenic factors is thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). In pathological angiogenesis, the balance shifts towards the proangiogenic factors and an angiogenic switch that promotes tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the current literature supporting the notion of the existence of two different endothelial lineages: normal endothelial cells (NECs), representing the physiological form of vascular endothelium, and tumor endothelial cells (TECs), which are strongly promoted by the tumor microenvironment and are biologically different from NECs. The angiogenic switch would be also important for the explanation of the differences between NECs and TECs, as angiogenic factors, cytokines and growth factors secreted into the tumor microenvironment may cause genetic instability. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic differences between the two endothelial lineages, which provide a possible window for pharmacological targeting of TECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ciesielski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.); (V.V.)
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Biesiekierska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet—BP12, F-69495 Pierre Bénite CEDEX, France; (B.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Varvara Vialichka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet—BP12, F-69495 Pierre Bénite CEDEX, France; (B.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-45-10
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The systemic circulation depends upon a highly organized, hierarchal blood vascular network that requires the successful specification of arterial and venous endothelial cells during development. This process is driven by a cascade of signaling events (including Hedgehog, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, connexin (Cx), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- β), and COUP transcription factor 2 (COUP-TFII)) to influence endothelial cell cycle status and expression of arterial or venous genes and is further regulated by hemodynamic flow. Failure of endothelial cells to properly undergo arteriovenous specification may contribute to vascular malformation and dysfunction, such as in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) where abnormal vessel structures, such as large shunts lacking clear arteriovenous identity and function, form and compromise peripheral blood flow. This review provides an overview of recent findings in the field of arteriovenous specification and highlights key regulators of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Karen Hirschi
- 2Departments of Medicine, Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Vasculature Development, Differentiation, and Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123076. [PMID: 31238510 PMCID: PMC6627637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vascular biology has first been highlighted in embryos by Pepicelli et al. in 1998 and Rowitch et al. in 1999. Since then, the proangiogenic role of the Hh ligands has been confirmed in adults, especially under pathologic conditions. More recently, the Hh signaling has been proposed to improve vascular integrity especially at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of the Hh signaling in vascular biology remain poorly understood and conflicting results have been reported. As a matter of fact, in several settings, it is currently not clear whether Hh ligands promote vessel integrity and quiescence or destabilize vessels to promote angiogenesis. The present review relates the current knowledge regarding the role of the Hh signaling in vasculature development, maturation and maintenance, discusses the underlying proposed mechanisms and highlights controversial data which may serve as a guideline for future research. Most importantly, fully understanding such mechanisms is critical for the development of safe and efficient therapies to target the Hh signaling in both cancer and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
|