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Vilahur G, Alcover S, Magaldi M. Narrowing the gap toward successful translational research in cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H797-H799. [PMID: 38305750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00038.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Alcover
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Magaldi
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Whitworth KM, Green JA, Redel BK, Geisert RD, Lee K, Telugu BP, Wells KD, Prather RS. Improvements in pig agriculture through gene editing. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2022; 3:41. [PMID: 35755158 PMCID: PMC9209828 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-022-00111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of animals via selective breeding is the basis for modern agriculture. The current breeding paradigm however has limitations, chief among them is the requirement for the beneficial trait to exist within the population. Desirable alleles in geographically isolated breeds, or breeds selected for a different conformation and commercial application, and more importantly animals from different genera or species cannot be introgressed into the population via selective breeding. Additionally, linkage disequilibrium results in low heritability and necessitates breeding over successive generations to fix a beneficial trait within a population. Given the need to sustainably improve animal production to feed an anticipated 9 billion global population by 2030 against a backdrop of infectious diseases and a looming threat from climate change, there is a pressing need for responsive, precise, and agile breeding strategies. The availability of genome editing tools that allow for the introduction of precise genetic modification at a single nucleotide resolution, while also facilitating large transgene integration in the target population, offers a solution. Concordant with the developments in genomic sequencing approaches, progress among germline editing efforts is expected to reach feverish pace. The current manuscript reviews past and current developments in germline engineering in pigs, and the many advantages they confer for advancing animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Whitworth
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Bethany K. Redel
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Rodney D. Geisert
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Bhanu P. Telugu
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Kevin D. Wells
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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Kleinbongard P, Andreadou I, Vilahur G. The platelet paradox of injury versus protection in myocardial infarction-has it been overlooked? Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:37. [PMID: 34037862 PMCID: PMC8150149 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Genovés P, Arias-Mutis ÓJ, Parra G, Such-Miquel L, Zarzoso M, Del Canto I, Soler C, Díaz A, Blanch E, Alberola A, Such L, Chorro FJ. Development and Long-Term Follow-Up of an Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarction in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091576. [PMID: 32899601 PMCID: PMC7552163 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of death. A series of processes occur during acute myocardial infarction that contribute to the development of ventricular dysfunction, with subsequent heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias, which account for most episodes of sudden cardiac death in these patients. These complications are associated with the adverse cardiac remodeling that occurs during the healing process following an acute episode. The remodeling causes the appearance of a substrate that can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias, such as tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation. The development of experimental models for analyzing the basic mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction enables the study of different therapeutic approaches aimed at improving the patient´s prognosis. The present study describes the methodology and the results obtained in a 5-week chronic infarction (one hour followed by reperfusion) in a rabbit model. The viability of the model, the care provided, the characteristics and extent of the lesions, the inducibility of arrhythmias, and the reproducibility of the methods and results have been analyzed. Abstract A chronic model of acute myocardial infarction was developed to study the mechanisms involved in adverse postinfarction ventricular remodeling. In an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the left circumflex coronary artery of New Zealand White rabbits (n = 9) was occluded by ligature for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. A specific care protocol was applied before, during, and after the intervention, and the results were compared with those of a sham operated group (n = 7). After 5 weeks, programmed stimulation and high-resolution mapping were performed on isolated and perfused hearts using the Langendorff technique. The infarct size determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride inside of the area at risk (thioflavin-S) was then determined. The area at risk was similar in both groups (54.33% (experimental infarct group) vs. 58.59% (sham group), ns). The infarct size was 73.16% as a percentage of the risk area. The experimental infarct group had a higher inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias (100% vs. 43% in the sham group, p = 0.009). A reproducible chronic experimental model of myocardial infarction is presented in which the extent and characteristics of the lesions enable the study of the vulnerability to develop ventricular arrhythmias because of the remodeling process that occurs during cardiac tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Genovés
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Óscar J. Arias-Mutis
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Germán Parra
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Luis Such-Miquel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.Z.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Irene Del Canto
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Electronic Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Soler
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Ana Díaz
- UCIM, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Eva Blanch
- UCIM, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Such
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Sun D, Li Y. Novel Findings and Therapeutic Targets on Cardioprotection of Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in STEMI. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3726-3739. [PMID: 31692431 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A large number of STEMI patients after the infarction gradually develop heart failure due to the infarcted myocardium. Timely reperfusion is essential to salvage ischemic myocardium from the infarction, but the restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarct-related artery itself induces myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The factors contributing to IRI in STEMI are complex, and microvascular obstruction, inflammation, release of reactive oxygen species, myocardial stunning, and activation of myocardial cell death are involved. Therefore, additional cardioprotection is required to prevent the heart from IRI. Although many mechanical conditioning procedures and pharmacological agents have been identified as effective cardioprotective approaches in animal studies, their translation into the clinical practice has been relatively disappointing due to a variety of reasons. With new emerging data on cardioprotection in STEMI over the past few years, it is mandatory to reevaluate the effectiveness of "old" cardioprotective interventions and highlight the novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Danghui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Abstract
Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacologic agent used to prevent and treat a wide range of pathologic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this sense, the classic field of exercise physiology has determined the main theoretical and practical bases of physiologic adaptations in response to exercise. However, the last decades were marked by significant advances in analytical laboratory techniques, where the field of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology promoted exercise science to enter a new era. Regardless of its application, whether in the field of disease prevention or performance, the association of molecular biology with exercise physiology has been fundamental for unveiling knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to the adaptation to exercise. This chapter will address the natural evolution of exercise physiology toward genetics and molecular biology, emphasizing the collection of integrated analytical approaches that composes the OMICS and their contribution to the field of molecular exercise physiology.
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