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Zhu Q, Luo R. Recent Advances in Biomolecular Recognition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098310. [PMID: 37176015 PMCID: PMC10179535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Living cells are extremely complicated systems and composed of hundreds of thousands of diverse biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ray Luo
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Povinelli APR, Zazeri G, Jones AM, Cornélio ML. A Computational–Experimental Investigation of the Molecular Mechanism of Interleukin-6-Piperine Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147994. [PMID: 35887341 PMCID: PMC9323498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we elucidate the biophysical aspects of the interaction of an important protein, Interleukin-6 (IL6), which is involved in cytokine storm syndrome, with a natural product with anti-inflammatory activity, piperine. Despite the role of piperine in the inhibition of the transcriptional protein NF-κB pathway responsible for activation of IL6 gene expression, there are no studies to the best of our knowledge regarding the characterisation of the molecular interaction of the IL6-piperine complex. In this context, the characterisation was performed with spectroscopic experiments aided by molecular modelling. Fluorescence spectroscopy alongside van’t Hoff analyses showed that the complexation event is a spontaneous process driven by non-specific interactions. Circular dichroism aided by molecular dynamics revealed that piperine caused local α-helix reduction. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics disclosed the microenvironment of interaction as non-polar amino acid residues. Although piperine has three available hydrogen bond acceptors, only one hydrogen-bond was formed during our simulation experiments, reinforcing the major role of non-specific interactions that we observed experimentally. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and hydrodynamic radii revealed that the IL6-piperine complex was stable during 800 ns of simulation. Taken together, these results can support ongoing IL6 drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ribeiro Povinelli
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Campo Novo do Parecis 78360-000, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Zazeri
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Campo Novo do Parecis 78360-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Marinônio Lopes Cornélio
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (M.L.C.)
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de Oliveira JG, Pilz-Júnior HL, de Lemos AB, da Silva da Costa FA, Fernandes M, Gonçalves DZ, Variza PF, de Moraes FM, Morisso FDP, Magnago RF, Zepon KM, Kanis LA, da Silva OS, Prophiro JS. Polymer-based nanostructures loaded with piperine as a platform to improve the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106395. [PMID: 35278367 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Piperine is an alkaloid extracted from the seed of Piper spp., which has demonstrated a larvicidal effect against Ae. aegypti. The incorporation of piperine into nanostructured systems can increase the effectiveness of this natural product in the control of Ae. aegypti larvae. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of piperine loaded or not into two nanostructured systems (named NS-A and NS-B) prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. The Ae. aegypti larvae were exposed to different concentrations of piperine loaded or not (2 to 16 ppm) and the mortality was investigated after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The nanostructures prepared were spherical in shape with narrow size distribution and great encapsulation efficiency. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) for non-loaded piperine were 13.015 ppm (24 hours), 8.098 ppm (48 hours), and 7.248 ppm (72 hours). The LC50 values found for NS-A were 35.378 ppm (24 hours), 12.091 ppm (48 hours), and 8.011 ppm (72 hours), whereas the values found for NS-B were 21.267 ppm (24 hours), 12.091 ppm (48 hours), and 8.011 ppm (72 hours). Collectively, these findings suggested that non-loaded piperine caused higher larval mortality in the first hours of exposure while the nanostructured systems promoted the slow release of piperine and thereby increased the larvicidal activity over time. Therefore, loading piperine into nanostructured systems might be an effective tool to improve the larval control of vector Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Guilherme de Oliveira
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Harry Luiz Pilz-Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Imunologia. Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Bittencourt de Lemos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Imunologia. Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Allan da Silva da Costa
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Millena Fernandes
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Douglas Zelinger Gonçalves
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Fassicolo Variza
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mendes de Moraes
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dal Pont Morisso
- Universidade Feevale. Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia de Materiais e Processos Industriais. 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rachel Faverzani Magnago
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Karine Modolon Zepon
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Kanis
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Onilda Santos da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Imunologia. Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Somariva Prophiro
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil; Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais. Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
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Povinelli APR, Zazeri G, Jones AM, Cornélio ML. Unravelling the Interaction of Piperlongumine with the Nucleotide-Binding Domain of HSP70: A Spectroscopic and In Silico Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1298. [PMID: 34959698 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PPL) is an alkaloid extracted from several pepper species that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Nevertheless, the molecular mode of action of PPL that confers such powerful pharmacological properties remains unknown. From this perspective, spectroscopic methods aided by computational modeling were employed to characterize the interaction between PPL and nucleotide-binding domain of heat shock protein 70 (NBD/HSP70), which is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy along with time-resolved fluorescence revealed the complex formation based on a static quenching mechanism. Van't Hoff analyses showed that the binding of PPL toward NBD is driven by equivalent contributions of entropic and enthalpic factors. Furthermore, IDF and Scatchard methods applied to fluorescence intensities determined two cooperative binding sites with Kb of (6.3 ± 0.2) × 104 M-1. Circular dichroism determined the thermal stability of the NBD domain and showed that PPL caused minor changes in the protein secondary structure. Computational simulations elucidated the microenvironment of these interactions, showing that the binding sites are composed mainly of polar amino acids and the predominant interaction of PPL with NBD is Van der Waals in nature.
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Zazeri G, Povinelli APR, Lima MF, Cornélio ML. Detailed Characterization of the Cooperative Binding of Piperine with Heat Shock Protein 70 by Molecular Biophysical Approaches. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E629. [PMID: 33353024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, details of the complex formed by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) independent nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and piperine were characterized through experimental and computational molecular biophysical methods. Fluorescence spectroscopy results revealed positive cooperativity between the two binding sites. Circular dichroism identified secondary conformational changes. Molecular dynamics along with molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) reinforced the positive cooperativity, showing that the affinity of piperine for NBD increased when piperine occupied both binding sites instead of one. The spontaneity of the complexation was demonstrated through the Gibbs free energy (∆G < 0 kJ/mol) for different temperatures obtained experimentally by van’t Hoff analysis and computationally by umbrella sampling with the potential of mean force profile. Furthermore, the mean forces which drove the complexation were disclosed by van’t Hoff and MM/PBSA as being the non-specific interactions. In conclusion, the work revealed characteristics of NBD and piperine interaction, which may support further drug discover studies.
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Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Shmurak VI, Vovk MA, Batalova AA, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. The Universal Soldier: Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Functions of Serum Albumin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E966. [PMID: 33050223 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a carrier of many biologically active compounds, blood is exposed to oxidants to a greater extent than the intracellular environment. Serum albumin plays a key role in antioxidant defence under both normal and oxidative stress conditions. This review evaluates data published in the literature and from our own research on the mechanisms of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of albumin that determine its participation in redox modulation of plasma and intercellular fluid. For the first time, the results of numerous clinical, biochemical, spectroscopic and computational experiments devoted to the study of allosteric modulation of the functional properties of the protein associated with its participation in antioxidant defence are analysed. It has been concluded that it is fundamentally possible to regulate the antioxidant properties of albumin with various ligands, and the binding and/or enzymatic features of the protein by changing its redox status. The perspectives for using the antioxidant properties of albumin in practice are discussed.
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Ma GJ, Ferhan AR, Sut TN, Jackman JA, Cho NJ. Understanding how natural sequence variation in serum albumin proteins affects conformational stability and protein adsorption. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zazeri G, Povinelli APR, de Freitas Lima M, Cornélio ML. The Cytokine IL-1β and Piperine Complex Surveyed by Experimental and Computational Molecular Biophysics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091337. [PMID: 32962126 PMCID: PMC7563551 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive piperine, a compound found in some pepper species, has been widely studied because of its therapeutic properties that include the inhibition of an important inflammation pathway triggered by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). However, investigation into the molecular interactions between IL-1β and piperine is not reported in the literature. Here, we present for the first time the characterisation of the complex formed by IL-1β and piperine through experimental and computational molecular biophysical analyses. Fluorescence spectroscopy unveiled the presence of one binding site for piperine with an affinity constant of 14.3 × 104 M−1 at 298 K. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the interaction with IL-1β was spontaneous (∆G = −25 kJ/mol) and, when split into enthalpic and entropic contributions, the latter was more significant. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that piperine did not affect IL-1β secondary structure (~2%) and therefore its stability. The set of experimental data parameterized the computational biophysical approach. Through molecular docking, the binding site micro-environment was revealed to be composed mostly by non-polar amino acids. Furthermore, molecular dynamics, along with umbrella sampling, are in agreement with the thermodynamic parameters obtained by fluorescence assays and showed that large protein movements are not present in IL-1β, corroborating the circular dichroism data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zazeri
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto CEP 15054-000, Brazil; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.)
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Povinelli
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto CEP 15054-000, Brazil; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.)
| | - Marcelo de Freitas Lima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto CEP 15054-000, Brazil;
| | - Marinônio Lopes Cornélio
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto CEP 15054-000, Brazil; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Zazeri G, Povinelli APR, Le Duff CS, Tang B, Cornelio ML, Jones AM. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Piperine- and Piperlongumine-Inspired Natural Product Scaffolds and Their Molecular Docking with IL-1β and NF-κB Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E2841. [PMID: 32575582 PMCID: PMC7356504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the remarkable bioactivities exhibited by the natural products, piperine and piperlongumine, we synthesised eight natural product-inspired analogues to further investigate their structures. For the first time, we confirmed the structure of the key cyclised dihydropyrazolecarbothioamide piperine analogues including the use of two-dimensional (2D) 15N-based spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Prior investigations demonstrated promising results from these scaffolds for the inhibition of inflammatory response via downregulation of the IL-1β and NF-κB pathway. However, the molecular interaction of these molecules with their protein targets remains unknown. Ab initio calculations revealed the electronic density function map of the molecules, showing the effects of structural modification in the electronic structure. Finally, molecular interactions between the synthesized molecules and the proteins IL-1β and NF-κB were achieved. Docking results showed that all the analogues interact in the DNA binding site of NF-κB with higher affinity compared to the natural products and, with the exception of 9a and 9b, have higher affinity than the natural products for the binding site of IL-1β. Specificity for the molecular recognition of 3a, 3c and 9b with IL-1β through cation-π interactions was determined. These results revealed 3a, 3c, 4a, 4c and 10 as the most promising molecules to be evaluated as IL-1β and NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zazeri
- Departamento de Física–IBILCE, Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto–São Paulo, Brazil; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ana Paula R. Povinelli
- Departamento de Física–IBILCE, Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto–São Paulo, Brazil; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Cécile S. Le Duff
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; (C.S.L.D.); (B.T.)
| | - Bridget Tang
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; (C.S.L.D.); (B.T.)
| | - Marinonio L. Cornelio
- Departamento de Física–IBILCE, Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto–São Paulo, Brazil; (G.Z.); (A.P.R.P.)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
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Povinelli APR, Zazeri G, de Freitas Lima M, Cornélio ML. Details of the cooperative binding of piperlongumine with rat serum albumin obtained by spectroscopic and computational analyses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15667. [PMID: 31666676 PMCID: PMC6821919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PPL) has presented a variety of important pharmacological activities. In recent pharmacokinetics studies in rats, this molecule reached 76.39% of bioavailability. Although PPL is present in the bloodstream, no information is found on the interaction between PPL and rat serum albumin (RSA), the most abundant protein with the function of transporting endo/exogenous molecules. In this sense, the present study elucidated the mechanism of interaction between PPL and RSA, using in conjunction spectroscopic and computational techniques. This paper shows the importance of applying inner filter correction over the entire fluorescence spectrum prior to any conclusion regarding changes in the polarity of the fluorophore microenvironment, also demonstrates the convergence of the results obtained from the treatment of fluorescence data using the area below the spectrum curve and the intensity in a single wavelength. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that PPL binds to RSA spontaneously (ΔG < 0) and the process is entropically driven. Interaction density function method (IDF) indicated that PPL accessed two cooperative sites in RSA, with moderate binding constants (2.3 × 105 M-1 and 1.3 × 105 M-1). The molecular docking described the microenvironment of the interaction sites, rich in apolar residues. The stability of the RSA-PPL complex was checked by molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ribeiro Povinelli
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Zazeri
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Freitas Lima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinônio Lopes Cornélio
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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