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Wu Y, Jensen N, Rossner MJ, Wehr MC. Exploiting Cell-Based Assays to Accelerate Drug Development for G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5474. [PMID: 38791511 PMCID: PMC11121687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are relevant targets for health and disease as they regulate various aspects of metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and immune pathways. They are implicated in several disease areas, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders. It is worth noting that about a third of all marketed drugs target GPCRs, making them prime pharmacological targets for drug discovery. Numerous functional assays have been developed to assess GPCR activity and GPCR signaling in living cells. Here, we review the current literature of genetically encoded cell-based assays to measure GPCR activation and downstream signaling at different hierarchical levels of signaling, from the receptor to transcription, via transducers, effectors, and second messengers. Singleplex assay formats provide one data point per experimental condition. Typical examples are bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays and protease cleavage assays (e.g., Tango or split TEV). By contrast, multiplex assay formats allow for the parallel measurement of multiple receptors and pathways and typically use molecular barcodes as transcriptional reporters in barcoded assays. This enables the efficient identification of desired on-target and on-pathway effects as well as detrimental off-target and off-pathway effects. Multiplex assays are anticipated to accelerate drug discovery for GPCRs as they provide a comprehensive and broad identification of compound effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wu
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
| | - Niels Jensen
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael C. Wehr
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
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2
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Calabretta MM, Michelini E. Current advances in the use of bioluminescence assays for drug discovery: an update of the last ten years. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:85-95. [PMID: 37814480 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2266989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioluminescence is a well-established optical detection technique widely used in several bioanalytical applications, including high-throughput and high-content screenings. Thanks to advances in synthetic biology techniques and deep learning, a wide portfolio of luciferases is now available with tuned emission wavelengths, kinetics, and high stability. These luciferases can be implemented in the drug discovery and development pipeline, allowing high sensitivity and multiplexing capability. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest advancements of bioluminescent systems as toolsets in drug discovery programs for in vitro applications. Particular attention is paid to the most advanced bioluminescence-based technologies for drug screening over the past 10 years (from 2013 to 2023) such as cell-free assays, cell-based assays based on genetically modified cells, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and protein complementation assays in 2D and 3D cell models. EXPERT OPINION The availability of tuned bioluminescent proteins with improved emission and stability properties is vital for the development of bioluminescence assays for drug discovery, spanning from reporter gene technology to protein-protein techniques. Further studies, combining machine learning with synthetic biology, will be necessary to obtain new tools for sustainable and highly predictive bioluminescent drug discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HSTICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zou CX, Ma ZH, Jiang ZD, Pan ZQ, Xu DD, Suo F, Shao GC, Dong MQ, Du LL. The ortholog of human REEP1-4 is required for autophagosomal enclosure of ER-phagy/nucleophagy cargos in fission yeast. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002372. [PMID: 37939137 PMCID: PMC10659188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective macroautophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nucleus, known as ER-phagy and nucleophagy, respectively, are processes whose mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Through an imaging-based screen, we find that in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yep1 (also known as Hva22 or Rop1), the ortholog of human REEP1-4, is essential for ER-phagy and nucleophagy but not for bulk autophagy. In the absence of Yep1, the initial phase of ER-phagy and nucleophagy proceeds normally, with the ER-phagy/nucleophagy receptor Epr1 coassembling with Atg8. However, ER-phagy/nucleophagy cargos fail to reach the vacuole. Instead, nucleus- and cortical-ER-derived membrane structures not enclosed within autophagosomes accumulate in the cytoplasm. Intriguingly, the outer membranes of nucleus-derived structures remain continuous with the nuclear envelope-ER network, suggesting a possible outer membrane fission defect during cargo separation from source compartments. We find that the ER-phagy role of Yep1 relies on its abilities to self-interact and shape membranes and requires its C-terminal amphipathic helices. Moreover, we show that human REEP1-4 and budding yeast Atg40 can functionally substitute for Yep1 in ER-phagy, and Atg40 is a divergent ortholog of Yep1 and REEP1-4. Our findings uncover an unexpected mechanism governing the autophagosomal enclosure of ER-phagy/nucleophagy cargos and shed new light on the functions and evolution of REEP family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Hui Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Di Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Pan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Suo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Can Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Lin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Bergerhoff M, Moosmann B. Novel Receptor-Binding-Based Assay for the Detection of Opioids in Human Urine Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2723-2731. [PMID: 36706344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of opioids is a growing global health problem. The gold standard for drugs of abuse screening is immunochemical assays. However, this method comes with some disadvantages when screening for a wide variety of opioids. Detection of the binding of a compound at the human μ-opioid receptor (MOR) offers a promising alternative target. Here, we set up a urine assay to allow for detection of compounds that bind at the MOR, thus allowing the assay to be utilized as a screening tool for opioid intake. The assay is based on the incubation of MOR-containing cell membranes with the selective MOR-ligand DAMGO and urine. After filtration, the amount of DAMGO in the eluate is analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The absence of DAMGO in the eluate corresponds to a competing MOR ligand in the urine sample, thus indicating opiate/opioid intake by the suspect. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by the analysis of 200 consecutive forensic routine casework urine samples. A pronounced displacement of DAMGO was observed in 29 of the 35 opiate/opioid-positive samples. Detection of fentanyl intake proved to be the most challenging aspect. Applying a cut-off value of, e.g., 10% DAMGO binding would lead to a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 95%. Consequently, the novel assay proved to be a promising screening tool for opiate/opioid presence in urine samples. The nontargeted approach and possible automation of the assay make it a promising alternative to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bergerhoff
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Moosmann
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
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Skeeters SS, Camp T, Fan H, Zhang K. The expanding role of split protein complementation in opsin-free optogenetics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102236. [PMID: 35609383 PMCID: PMC9308681 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of signaling mechanisms helps interpret fundamental biological processes and restore cell behavior from pathological conditions. Signaling outcome depends not only on the activity of each signaling component but also on their dynamic interaction in time and space, which remains challenging to probe by biochemical and cell-based assays. Opsin-based optogenetics has transformed neural science research with its spatiotemporal modulation of the activity of excitable cells. Motivated by this advantage, opsin-free optogenetics extends the power of light to a larger spectrum of signaling molecules. This review summarizes commonly used opsin-free optogenetic strategies, presents a historical overview of split protein complementation, and highlights the adaptation of split protein recombination as optogenetic sensors and actuators.
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Guo S, Zhao T, Yun Y, Xie X. Recent Progress in Assays for GPCR Drug Discovery. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C583-C594. [PMID: 35816640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as 7 transmembrane receptors, are the largest family of cell surface receptors in eukaryotes. There are ~800 GPCRs in human, regulating diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are the most intensively studied drug targets. Drugs that target GPCRs account for about a quarter of the global market share of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, to develop physiologically relevant and robust assays to search new GPCR ligands or modulators remain the major focus of drug discovery research worldwide. Early functional GPCR assays are mainly depend on the measurement of G protein-mediated second messenger generation. Recent development in GPCR biology indicate the signaling of these receptors is much more complex than the oversimplified classical view. GPCRs have been found to activate multiple G proteins simultaneously and induce b-arrestin-mediated signaling. GPCRs have also been found to interacte with other cytosolic scaffolding proteins and form dimer or heteromer with GPCRs or other transmembrane proteins. Here we mainly discuss technologies focused on detecting protein-protein interactions, such as FRET/BRET, NanoBiT, Tango, etc, and their applications in measuring GPCRs interacting with various signaling partners. In the final part, we also discuss the species differences in GPCRs when using animal models to study the in vivofunctions of GPCR ligands, and possible ways to solve this problem with modern genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Guo
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yun
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
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7
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Vandeputte MM, Vasudevan L, Stove CP. In vitro functional assays as a tool to study new synthetic opioids at the μ-opioid receptor: Potential, pitfalls and progress. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Luís R, D'Uonnolo G, Palmer CB, Meyrath M, Uchański T, Wantz M, Rogister B, Janji B, Chevigné A, Szpakowska M. Nanoluciferase-based methods to monitor activation, modulation and trafficking of atypical chemokine receptors. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 169:279-294. [PMID: 35623707 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines regulate directed cell migration, proliferation and survival and are key components in various physiological and pathological processes. They exert their functions by interacting with seven-transmembrane domain receptors that signal through G proteins (GPCRs). Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) play important roles in the chemokine-receptor network by regulating chemokine bioavailability for the classical receptors through chemokine sequestration, scavenging or transport. Currently, this subfamily of receptors comprises four members: ACKR1, ACKR2, ACKR3 and ACKR4. They differ notably from the classical chemokine receptors by their inability to elicit G protein-mediated signaling, which precludes the use of classical assays relying on the activation of G proteins and related downstream secondary messengers to investigate ACKRs. There is therefore a need for alternative approaches to monitor ACKR activation, modulation and trafficking. This chapter details sensitive and versatile methods based on Nanoluciferase Binary Technology (NanoBiT) and Nanoluciferase Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (NanoBRET) to monitor ACKR2 and ACKR3 activity through the measurement of β-arrestin and GRK recruitment, and receptor trafficking, including internalization and delivery to early endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luís
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Giulia D'Uonnolo
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christie B Palmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tomasz Uchański
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - May Wantz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; University Hospital, Neurology Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Cancer Research, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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9
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Casadó-Anguera V, Casadó V. Unmasking allosteric binding sites: Novel targets for GPCR drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:897-923. [PMID: 35649692 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2085684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unexpected non-apparent and hidden allosteric binding sites are non-classical and non-apparent allosteric centers in 3-D X-ray protein structures until orthosteric or allosteric ligands bind to them. The orthosteric center of one protomer that modulates binding centers of the other protomers within an oligomer is also an unexpected allosteric site. Furthermore, another partner protein can also produce these effects, acting as an unexpected allosteric modulator. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes both classical and non-classical allosterism. The authors focus on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomers as a paradigm of allosteric molecules. Moreover, they show several examples of unexpected allosteric sites such as hidden allosteric sites in a protomer that appear after the interaction with other molecules and the allosterism exerted between orthosteric sites within GPCR oligomer, emphasizing on the allosteric modulations that can occur between binding sites. EXPERT OPINION The study of these new non-classical allosteric sites will expand the diversity of allosteric control on the function of orthosteric sites within proteins, whether GPCRs or other receptors, enzymes or transporters. Moreover, the design of new drugs targeting these hidden allosteric sites or already known orthosteric sites acting as allosteric sites in protein homo- or hetero-oligomers will increase the therapeutic potential of allosterism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Visualizing G protein-coupled receptor homomers using photoactivatable dye localization microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 169:27-41. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Connelly SM, Sridharan R, Naider F, Dumont ME. Oligomerization of yeast α-factor receptor detected by fluorescent energy transfer between ligands. Biophys J 2021; 120:5090-5106. [PMID: 34627767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane receptors responsible for transducing responses to the binding of a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, ions, and other small molecules. There is extensive evidence that GPCRs exist as homo-and hetero-oligomeric complexes; however, in many cases, the role of oligomerization and the extent to which it occurs at low physiological levels of receptor expression in cells remain unclear. We report here the use of flow cytometry to detect receptor-receptor interactions based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescently labeled cell-impermeant ligands bound to yeast α-mating pheromone receptors that are members of the GPCR superfamily. A novel, to our knowledge, procedure was used to analyze energy transfer as a function of receptor occupancy by donor and acceptor ligands. Measurements of loss of donor fluorescence due to energy transfer in cells expressing high levels of receptors were used to calibrate measurements of enhanced acceptor emission due to energy transfer in cells expressing low levels of receptors. The procedure allows determination of energy transfer efficiencies over a 50-fold range of expression of full-length receptors at the surface of living cells without the need to create fluorescent or bioluminescent fusion proteins. Energy transfer efficiencies for fluorescently labeled derivatives of the receptor agonist α-factor do not depend on receptor expression level and are unaffected by C-terminal truncation of receptors. Fluorescently labeled derivatives of α-factor that act as receptor antagonists exhibit higher transfer efficiencies than those for labeled agonists. Although the approach cannot determine the number of receptors per oligomer, these results demonstrate that ligand-bound, native α-factor receptors exist as stable oligomers in the cell membranes of intact yeast cells at normal physiological expression levels and that the extent of oligomer formation is not dependent on the concentration of receptors in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Rajashri Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York; PhD Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Mark E Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
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12
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Lv X, Jin K, Sun G, Ledesma-Amaro R, Liu L. Microscopy imaging of living cells in metabolic engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:752-765. [PMID: 34799183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy imaging of living cells is becoming a pivotal, noninvasive, and highly specific tool in metabolic engineering to visualize molecular dynamics in industrial microorganisms. This review describes the different microscopy methods, from fluorescence to super resolution, with application in microbial bioengineering. Firstly, the role and importance of microscopy imaging is analyzed in the context of strain design. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of different microscopy technologies are discussed, including confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), and super-resolution microscopy, followed by their applications in synthetic biology. Finally, the future perspectives of live-cell imaging and their potential to transform microbial systems are analyzed. This review provides theoretical guidance and highlights the importance of microscopy in understanding and engineering microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Lin Y, Wang H, Xu J, Huang Y, Gong W, Wang Q, Huang Z, Xie S, Lin J. High spatio-temporal resolution measurement of A 1 R and A 2A R interactions combined with Iem-spFRET and E-FRET methods. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100172. [PMID: 34328277 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A1 R-A2A R heterodimers regulate striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, few researches about kinetics have been reported. Here, we combined Iem-spFRET and E-FRET to investigate the kinetics of A1 R and A2A R interaction. Iem-spFRET obtains the energy transfer efficiency of the whole cell. E-FRET gets energy transfer efficiency with high spatial resolution, whereas, it was prone to biases because background was easily selected due to manual operation. To study the interaction with high spatio-temporal resolution, Iem-spFRET was used to correct the deviation of E-FRET. In this paper, A1 R and A2A R interaction was monitored, and the changes of FRET efficiency of the whole or/and partial cell membrane were described. The results showed that activation of A1 R or A2A R leads to rapid aggregation, inhibition of A1 R or A2A R leads to slow segregation, and the interaction is reversible. These results demonstrated that combination of Iem-spFRET and E-FRET could measure A1 R and A2A R interaction with high spatio-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zufang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juqiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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14
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Wang D, Wang Y, Shan M, Chen J, Wang H, Sun B, Jin C, Li X, Yin Y, Song C, Xiao C, Li J, Wang T, Cai X. Apelin receptor homodimer inhibits apoptosis in vascular dementia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112739. [PMID: 34343559 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ), a member of family A of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is a potential pharmaceutical target for diseases of the nervous system. Our previous work revealed that human APJ can form a homodimer that has different functional characteristics than the monomer. To investigate the effects of APJ homodimers on neuroprotection in vascular dementia (VD), we established VD model in rats and treated the animals by injecting apelin-13 into the lateral ventricle. In addition, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in SH-SY5Y cells treated with apelin-13. After apelin-13 stimulation in the VD rat, the level of APJ and APJ homodimer were elevated. Furthermore, APJ homodimer decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 via the Gαi3 and Gαq signaling pathway, thereby increasing the number of neurons and inhibiting apoptosis. Consequently, APJ homodimers may serve as a unique mechanism for neuroprotection against VD and provide new pharmaceutical targets for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Meiyan Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shouguang Mental Health Center, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, 276800, China; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Huannan Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Baoqi Sun
- Ophthalmology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chengwen Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Changhao Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Taiqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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15
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Nath N, Godat B, Flemming R, Urh M. Deciphering the Interaction between Neonatal Fc Receptor and Antibodies Using a Homogeneous Bioluminescent Immunoassay. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1211-1221. [PMID: 34312257 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Long half-life of therapeutic Abs and Fc fusion proteins is crucial to their efficacy and is, in part, regulated by their interaction with neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). However, the current methods (e.g., surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry) for measurement of interaction between IgG and FcRn (IgG/FcRn) require either FcRn or IgG to be immobilized on the surface, which is known to introduce experimental artifacts and have led to conflicting data. To study IgG/FcRn interactions in solution, without a need for surface immobilization, we developed a novel (to our knowledge), solution-based homogeneous binding immunoassay based on NanoBiT luminescent protein complementation technology. We optimized the assay (NanoBiT FcRn assay) for human FcRn, mouse FcRn, rat FcRn, and cynomolgus FcRn and used them to determine the binding affinities of a panel of eight Abs. Assays could successfully capture the modulation in IgG/FcRn binding based on changes in Fc fragment of the Abs. We also looked at the individual contribution of Fc and F(ab)2 on the IgG/FcRn interaction and found that Fc is the main driver for the interaction at pH 6. Our work highlights the importance of using orthogonal methods to validate affinity data generated using biosensor platforms. Moreover, the simple add-and-read format of the NanoBiT FcRn assay is amenable for high-throughput screening during early Ab discovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nath
- Research and Development Department, Promega Corp., Madison, WI
| | - Becky Godat
- Research and Development Department, Promega Corp., Madison, WI
| | - Rod Flemming
- Research and Development Department, Promega Corp., Madison, WI
| | - Marjeta Urh
- Research and Development Department, Promega Corp., Madison, WI
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16
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Kainulainen MH, Bergeron E, Chatterjee P, Chapman AP, Lee J, Chida A, Tang X, Wharton RE, Mercer KB, Petway M, Jenks HM, Flietstra TD, Schuh AJ, Satheshkumar PS, Chaitram JM, Owen SM, McMullan LK, Flint M, Finn MG, Goldstein JM, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF. High-throughput quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a single-dilution homogeneous assay. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12330. [PMID: 34112850 PMCID: PMC8192771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and has since spread around the world, causing a pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19. Detecting antibodies against the virus is an essential tool for tracking infections and developing vaccines. Such tests, primarily utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle, can be either qualitative (reporting positive/negative results) or quantitative (reporting a value representing the quantity of specific antibodies). Quantitation is vital for determining stability or decline of antibody titers in convalescence, efficacy of different vaccination regimens, and detection of asymptomatic infections. Quantitation typically requires two-step ELISA testing, in which samples are first screened in a qualitative assay and positive samples are subsequently analyzed as a dilution series. To overcome the throughput limitations of this approach, we developed a simpler and faster system that is highly automatable and achieves quantitation in a single-dilution screening format with sensitivity and specificity comparable to those of ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Eric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Asheley P Chapman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Joo Lee
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Asiya Chida
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Rebekah E Wharton
- Emergency Response Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Kristina B Mercer
- Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Marla Petway
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Harley M Jenks
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Timothy D Flietstra
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Amy J Schuh
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Panayampalli S Satheshkumar
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jasmine M Chaitram
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - S Michele Owen
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jason M Goldstein
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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17
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Grafinger KE, Vandeputte MM, Cannaert A, Ametovski A, Sparkes E, Cairns E, Juchli PO, Haschimi B, Pulver B, Banister SD, Stove CP, Auwärter V. Systematic evaluation of a panel of 30 synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists structurally related to MMB-4en-PICA, MDMB-4en-PINACA, ADB-4en-PINACA, and MMB-4CN-BUTINACA using a combination of binding and different CB1 receptor activation assays. Part III: The G protein pathway and critical comparison of different assays. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:1412-1429. [PMID: 33908179 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work is the last of a three-part study investigating a panel of 30 systematically designed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) including features such as the 4-pentenyl tail and varying head groups including amides and esters of l-valine (MMB, AB), l-tert-leucine (ADB), and l-phenylalanine (APP), as well as adamantyl (A) and cumyl moieties (CUMYL). Here, we evaluated these SCRAs for their capacity to activate the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 ) via indirect measurement of G protein recruitment. Furthermore, we comparatively evaluated the results obtained from three in vitro assays, based on the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 (βarr2 assay) or Gαi protein (mini-Gαi assay), or binding of [35 S]-GTPγS. The observed efficacies (Emax ) varied depending on the conducted assay. Statistical analysis suggests that the population means of the relative intrinsic activity (RAi ) significantly differ for the [35 S]-GTPγS assay and the other two assays, but the population means of the βarr2 and mini-Gαi assays were not statistically different. Our data suggest that differences observed between the βarr2 and mini-Gαi assays are the best predictor for 'biased agonism' towards βarr or G protein recruitment in our study. SCRAs carrying an ADB or MPP moiety as a head group tended to produce elevated Emax values in the βarr2 assay, which might result in a tendency of these compounds to cause pronounced tolerance in users-a hypothesis that should be evaluated further by future studies. In general, a comparison of efficacies derived from different assays is difficult and should only be conducted very cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe M Vandeputte
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Cannaert
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam Ametovski
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Sparkes
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cairns
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Belal Haschimi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Pulver
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel D Banister
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Volker Auwärter
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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García-Murria MJ, Duart G, Grau B, Diaz-Beneitez E, Rodríguez D, Mingarro I, Martínez-Gil L. Viral Bcl2s' transmembrane domain interact with host Bcl2 proteins to control cellular apoptosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6056. [PMID: 33247105 PMCID: PMC7695858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral control of programmed cell death relies in part on the expression of viral analogs of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein known as viral Bcl2s (vBcl2s). vBcl2s control apoptosis by interacting with host pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family. Here, we show that the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic region of herpesviral and poxviral vBcl2s can operate as transmembrane domains (TMDs) and participate in their homo-oligomerization. Additionally, we show that the viral TMDs mediate interactions with cellular pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 TMDs within the membrane. Furthermore, these intra-membrane interactions among viral and cellular proteins are necessary to control cell death upon an apoptotic stimulus. Therefore, their inhibition represents a new potential therapy against viral infections, which are characterized by short- and long-term deregulation of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesús García-Murria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Gerard Duart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Brayan Grau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Elisabet Diaz-Beneitez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Mingarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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19
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Ke R, Lok SIS, Singh K, Chow BKC, Lee LTO. GIP receptor suppresses PAC1receptor-mediated neuronal differentiation via formation of a receptor heterocomplex. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1850-1860. [PMID: 33078390 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptor (PAC1R) is a class B Gprotein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is widely expressed in the human body and is involved in neuronal differentiation. As class B GPCRs are known to form heterocomplexes with family members, we hypothesized that PAC1R mediates neuronal differentiation through interaction with a class B GPCR. We used the BRET assay to identify potential interactions between PAC1R and 11 class B GPCRs. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and secretin receptor were identified as putative binding partners of PAC1R. The effect of heterocomplex formation by PAC1R on receptor activation was evaluated with the cyclic (c)AMP, luciferase reporter, and calcium signaling assays; and the effects on receptor internalization and subcellular localization were examined by confocal microscopy. The results suggested he PAC1R/GIPR heterocomplex suppressed signaling events downstream of PAC1R, including cAMP production, serum response element and calcium signaling, and β-arrestin recruitment. Protein-protein interaction was analyzed in silico, and induction of neuronal differentiation by the PAC1R heterocomplex was assessed in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells by measure the morphological changes and marker genes expression by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Over-expression of GIPR suppressed PACAP/PAC1R-mediated neuronal differentiation and the differentiation markers expression in SH-SY5Y cells. GIPR regulates neuronal differentiation through heterocomplex formation with PAC1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ke
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Samson I S Lok
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo T O Lee
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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20
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Vasudevan L, Stove CP. A novel nanobody-based bio-assay using functional complementation of a split nanoluciferase to monitor Mu- opioid receptor activation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8015-8022. [PMID: 32926202 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Mu opioid receptor (MOR) has been the subject of intense research over the past decades, especially in the field of analgesic therapeutics. It is the primary target for both clinical and recreational opioids. Recently, camelid-derived nanobodies have received significant attention due to their applicability in stabilizing the crystal structure of activated MOR, via specific recognition of and binding to the active receptor conformation. In the present study, we developed and applied a novel bio-assay to monitor MOR activation, utilizing intracellular expression of one such nanobody, Nb39. The principle of functional complementation of a split nanoluciferase was used to assess recruitment of Nb39 to MOR, following activation by a set of five synthetic opioids. The obtained pharmacological parameters-negative logarithm of EC50 (pEC50, as a measure of potency) and maximal response provoked by a ligand (Emax, as a measure of efficacy; relative to hydromorphone)-were compared with those obtained using a G protein recruitment assay, in which a mini-Gi protein (engineered GTPase domain of Gαi subunit) is recruited to activated MOR. Similar EC50 but distinct Emax values were obtained with both bio-assays, with lower Emax values for the Nb-based bio-assay. Both bio-assays may assist to gain better insight into activation of the MOR. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Moustaqil M, Gambin Y, Sierecki E. Biophysical Techniques for Target Validation and Drug Discovery in Transcription-Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2301. [PMID: 32225120 PMCID: PMC7178067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-genome era, pathologies become associated with specific gene expression profiles and defined molecular lesions can be identified. The traditional therapeutic strategy is to block the identified aberrant biochemical activity. However, an attractive alternative could aim at antagonizing key transcriptional events underlying the pathogenesis, thereby blocking the consequences of a disorder, irrespective of the original biochemical nature. This approach, called transcription therapy, is now rendered possible by major advances in biophysical technologies. In the last two decades, techniques have evolved to become key components of drug discovery platforms, within pharmaceutical companies as well as academic laboratories. This review outlines the current biophysical strategies for transcription manipulation and provides examples of successful applications. It also provides insights into the future development of biophysical methods in drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moustaqil
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | | | - Emma Sierecki
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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22
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Crans RAJ, Wouters E, Valle-León M, Taura J, Massari CM, Fernández-Dueñas V, Stove CP, Ciruela F. Striatal Dopamine D 2-Muscarinic Acetylcholine M 1 Receptor-Receptor Interaction in a Model of Movement Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:194. [PMID: 32231561 PMCID: PMC7083216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor control deficits, which is associated with the loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. In parallel to dopaminergic denervation, there is an increase of acetylcholine within the striatum, resulting in a striatal dopaminergic–cholinergic neurotransmission imbalance. Currently, available PD pharmacotherapy (e.g., prodopaminergic drugs) does not reinstate the altered dopaminergic–cholinergic balance. In addition, it can eventually elicit cholinergic-related adverse effects. Here, we investigated the interplay between dopaminergic and cholinergic systems by assessing the physical and functional interaction of dopamine D2 and muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptors (D2R and M1R, respectively), both expressed at striatopallidal medium spiny neurons. First, we provided evidence for the existence of D2R–M1R complexes via biochemical (i.e., co-immunoprecipitation) and biophysical (i.e., BRET1 and NanoBiT®) assays, performed in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Subsequently, a D2R–M1R co-distribution in the mouse striatum was observed through double-immunofluorescence staining and AlphaLISA® immunoassay. Finally, we evaluated the functional interplay between both receptors via behavioral studies, by implementing the classical acute reserpine pharmacological animal model of experimental parkinsonism. Reserpinized mice were administered with a D2R-selective agonist (sumanirole) and/or an M1R-selective antagonist (VU0255035), and alterations in PD-related behavioral tasks (i.e., locomotor activity) were evaluated. Importantly, VU0255035 (10 mg/kg) potentiated the antiparkinsonian-like effects (i.e., increased locomotor activity and decreased catalepsy) of an ineffective sumanirole dose (3 mg/kg). Altogether, our data suggest the existence of putative striatal D2R/M1R heteromers, which might be a relevant target to manage PD motor impairments with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- René A J Crans
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elise Wouters
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Valle-León
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Taura
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caio M Massari
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Programa de Poìs-graduação em Bioquiìmica, Centro de Ciencias Bioloìgicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianoìpolis, Brazil
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Exploring functional consequences of GPCR oligomerization requires a different lens. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 169:181-211. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wouters E, Walraed J, Banister SD, Stove CP. Insights into biased signaling at cannabinoid receptors: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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