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Lilay GH, Thiébaut N, du Mee D, Assunção AGL, Schjoerring JK, Husted S, Persson DP. Linking the key physiological functions of essential micronutrients to their deficiency symptoms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:881-902. [PMID: 38433319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient-use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay Hailu Lilay
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Noémie Thiébaut
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
- Earth and Life Institute, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Dorine du Mee
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
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2
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Chen X, Ru Y, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Shabala S, Smith SM, Yu M. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of pea shoot development and cell-type-specific responses to boron deficiency. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:302-322. [PMID: 37794835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how nutrient stress impacts plant growth is fundamentally important to the development of approaches to improve crop production under nutrient limitation. Here we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to shoot apices of Pisum sativum grown under boron (B) deficiency. We identified up to 15 cell clusters based on the clustering of gene expression profiles and verified cell identity with cell-type-specific marker gene expression. Different cell types responded differently to B deficiency. Specifically, the expression of photosynthetic genes in mesophyll cells (MCs) was down-regulated by B deficiency, consistent with impaired photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, the down-regulation of stomatal development genes in guard cells, including homologs of MUTE and TOO MANY MOUTHS, correlated with a decrease in stomatal density under B deficiency. We also constructed the developmental trajectory of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) cells and a transcription factor interaction network. The developmental progression of SAM to MC was characterized by up-regulation of genes encoding histones and chromatin assembly and remodeling proteins including homologs of FASCIATA1 (FAS1) and SWITCH DEFECTIVE/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTABLE (SWI/SNF) complex. However, B deficiency suppressed their expression, which helps to explain impaired SAM development under B deficiency. These results represent a major advance over bulk-tissue RNA-seq analysis in which cell-type-specific responses are lost and hence important physiological responses to B deficiency are missed. The reported findings reveal strategies by which plants adapt to B deficiency thus offering breeders a set of specific targets for genetic improvement. The reported approach and resources have potential applications well beyond P. sativum species and could be applied to various legumes to improve their adaptability to multiple nutrient or abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Horticulture, International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yanqi Ru
- Department of Horticulture, International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Steven M Smith
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Horticulture, International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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3
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Šustr M, Konrádová H, Martinčová M, Soukup A, Tylová E. Potassium transporter KUP9 regulates plant response to K + deficiency and affects carbohydrate allocation in A.thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154147. [PMID: 38096629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to the essential roles of K+ in plants, its up to 10% share in plant dry matter, and its mostly low availability in soil, effective potassium management poses a significant challenge for the plant. To enable efficient uptake and allocation of K+, numerous transporters and channels have evolved. During the last two decades, efforts have been made to characterise these transport proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana using knock-out mutants. Several KT/HAK/KUP transporters have been assigned specific functions. In this work, we contribute to an understanding of the role of AtKUP9 in plant adaptation to low K+ availability. We found that in vitro, atkup9 has reduced lateral root growth under low-K conditions, and root apical meristem proliferation is reduced in lateral roots compared with the primary root. We also documented AtKUP9 expression in both roots and shoots and showed that AtKUP9 expression is modulated during plant ontogeny and as a result of K+ deprivation. Altered carbohydrate allocation was also documented in atkup9. Mutants exported more soluble saccharides from leaves under K+ rich conditions and, under K+ deficiency, atkup9 accumulated more soluble saccharides in the shoots. A possible role of AtKUP9 in these processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šustr
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Konrádová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Martinčová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Tylová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
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4
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Khan A, Cheng J, Kitashova A, Fürtauer L, Nägele T, Picco C, Scholz-Starke J, Keller I, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Vacuolar sugar transporter EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 affects fructose signaling and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2141-2163. [PMID: 37427783 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of intracellular sugar homeostasis is maintained by regulation of activities of sugar import and export proteins residing at the tonoplast. We show here that the EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 (ERDL4) protein, a member of the monosaccharide transporter family, resides in the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression and subcellular fractionation studies indicated that ERDL4 participates in fructose allocation across the tonoplast. Overexpression of ERDL4 increased total sugar levels in leaves due to a concomitantly induced stimulation of TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER 2 (TST2) expression, coding for the major vacuolar sugar loader. This conclusion is supported by the finding that tst1-2 knockout lines overexpressing ERDL4 lack increased cellular sugar levels. ERDL4 activity contributing to the coordination of cellular sugar homeostasis is also indicated by 2 further observations. First, ERDL4 and TST genes exhibit an opposite regulation during a diurnal rhythm, and second, the ERDL4 gene is markedly expressed during cold acclimation, representing a situation in which TST activity needs to be upregulated. Moreover, ERDL4-overexpressing plants show larger rosettes and roots, a delayed flowering time, and increased total seed yield. Consistently, erdl4 knockout plants show impaired cold acclimation and freezing tolerance along with reduced plant biomass. In summary, we show that modification of cytosolic fructose levels influences plant organ development and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azkia Khan
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Institute for Biology III, Unit of Plant Molecular Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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5
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Pereira GL, Nascimento VL, Omena-Garcia RP, Souza BCOQ, Gonçalves JFDC, Ribeiro DM, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Physiological and metabolic changes in response to Boron levels are mediated by ethylene affecting tomato fruit yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107994. [PMID: 37660605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for the plant, and its stress (both deficiency and toxicity) are major problems that affect crop production. Ethylene metabolism (both signaling and production) is important to plants' differently responding to nutrient availability. To better understand the connections between B and ethylene, here we investigate the function of ethylene in the responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to B stress (deficiency, 0 μM and toxicity, 640 μM), using ethylene related mutants, namely nonripening (nor), ripening-inhibitor (rin), never ripe (Nr), and epinastic (Epi). Our results show that B stress does not necessarily inhibit plant growth, but both B stress and ethylene signaling severely affected physiological parameters, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Under B toxicity, visible symptoms of toxicity appeared in the roots and margins of the older leaves through necrosis, caused by the accumulation of B which stimulated ethylene biosynthesis in the shoots. Both nor and rin (ethylene signaling) mutants presented similar responses, being these genotypes more sensitive and displaying several morphophysiological alterations, including fruit productivity reductions, in response to the B toxicity conditions. Therefore, our results suggest that physiological and metabolic changes in response to B fluctuations are likely mediated by ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greice Leal Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Patrícia Omena-Garcia
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Costa O Q Souza
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus-AM, Brazil
| | - Dimas Mendes Ribeiro
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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6
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Pommerrenig B, Faber M, Hajirezaei MR, von Wirén N, Bienert GP. Cytokinins as boron deficiency signals to sustain shoot development in boron-efficient oilseed rape. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13776. [PMID: 36066313 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency is a highly prominent nutrient disorder. While B-efficient accessions have recently been identified in the highly B-demanding crop oilseed rape, it remained unclear which physiological processes underlie B efficiency and which signaling pathways trigger an efficient B-deficiency response. Here, we compared, under three different B supply conditions, two Brassica napus accessions with contrasting B efficiency. Shoot biomass formation, B distribution patterns and metabolic dynamics of different phytohormone species were studied using a combination of mass spectrometry-based analyses and physiological measurements. Our results show that the B-efficient accession CR2267 does not differ from the B-inefficient accession CR2262 in terms of B accumulation and subcellular B-partitioning, although it displays no morphological B-deficiency symptoms under severe B-deficient conditions. Investigating phytohormone metabolism revealed a strong accumulation of cytokinins in CR2267 at a developmental stage when striking B-dependent differences in biomass and organ formation emerge in the two B. napus accessions. In contrast, elevated levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid as well as bioactive auxins, representing functional antagonists of cytokinins in shoots, were detected only in CR2262. Our results indicate that superior B efficiency in CR2267 relies on a higher B utilization efficiency that builds on an earlier and higher cytokinin biosynthesis required for the maintenance of the shoot meristem activity and proper leaf development. We further conclude that an elevated abundance of cytokinins is not a consequence of better plant growth but rather a presumption for better plant growth under low-B conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Faber
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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7
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Rodrigues M, Berti de Oliveira R, Leboso Alemparte Abrantes Dos Santos G, Mayara de Oliveira K, Silveira Reis A, Herrig Furlanetto R, Antônio Yanes Bernardo Júnior L, Silva Coelho F, Rafael Nanni M. Rapid quantification of alkaloids, sugar and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties by using Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroradiometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 274:121082. [PMID: 35248861 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco genetic improvement programs, as well as the tobacco industry, require techniques that allow the estimation of its attributes in a fast and cheap way. The use of remote sensing through visible, near infrared and short-wave spectroscopy (Vis-NIR-SWIR) has been studied aiming to meet such demand. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the use of Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroradiometer as a rapid tool to estimate alkaloids, sugars and yield of tobacco varieties. For that purpose, a study was carried out in a greenhouse with plants grown in pots (18 dm-3) containing nutrient solutions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 30 treatments (tobacco varieties) and 10 repetitions. Tobacco leaf reflectance was collected at 13, 34 and 68 days after transplantation (DAT) with a plant-probe device connected to the spectroradiometer by an optical fiber. Subsequently, leaf analysis of alkaloids, sugars and yield were performed, and such attributes were estimated by using the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), combined with the following pre-processing (PP) techniques: multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay (SG) and standard normal variate (SNV). The results showed presence of typical inflections of chemical and structural components of the plants, which allowed obtaining PLSR models with R2p and RPDp superior to 0.71 and 2.27, respectively, for all PP techniques and attributes evaluated. The most important wavelengths were well distributed within the three operating ranges of the spectroradiometer (Vis-NIR-SWIR). Thus, the methodology proposed by this research was able to simultaneously determine all the three attributes (alkaloids, sugars and yield) with excellent predictive capacity. This is a promising result for genetic improvement and processing of tobacco (as well as other crops), since it is necessary to evaluate a large number of samples within a short period and at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Rodrigues
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
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8
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Jia Z, Bienert MD, von Wirén N, Bienert GP. Genome-wide association mapping identifies HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 accounting for efficient boron transport in barley. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:809-822. [PMID: 33481273 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential mineral element for plant growth, and the seed B pool of crops can be crucial when seedlings need to establish on low-B soils. To date, it is poorly understood how B accumulation in grain crops is genetically controlled. Here, we assessed the genotypic variation of the B concentration in grains of a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) association panel that represents broad genetic diversity. We found a large genetic variation of the grain B concentration and detected in total 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using genome-wide association mapping. HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6, encoding a potential B-transporting membrane protein, mapped closely to a major-effect QTL accounting for the largest proportion of grain B variation. Based on transport studies using heterologous expression systems and gene expression analysis, we demonstrate that HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 represents a functional B channel and that expression variation in its transcript level associates with root and shoot B concentrations as well as with root dry mass formation under B-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Jia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuela Désirée Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Metalloid Transport, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Metalloid Transport, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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9
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Ho LH, Rode R, Siegel M, Reinhardt F, Neuhaus HE, Yvin JC, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA, Pommerrenig B. Potassium Application Boosts Photosynthesis and Sorbitol Biosynthesis and Accelerates Cold Acclimation of Common Plantain ( Plantago major L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101259. [PMID: 32987723 PMCID: PMC7598673 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is essential for the processes critical for plant performance, including photosynthesis, carbon assimilation, and response to stress. K also influences translocation of sugars in the phloem and regulates sucrose metabolism. Several plant species synthesize polyols and transport these sugar alcohols from source to sink tissues. Limited knowledge exists about the involvement of K in the above processes in polyol-translocating plants. We, therefore, studied K effects in Plantago major, a species that accumulates the polyol sorbitol to high concentrations. We grew P. major plants on soil substrate adjusted to low-, medium-, or high-potassium conditions. We found that biomass, seed yield, and leaf tissue K contents increased in a soil K-dependent manner. K gradually increased the photosynthetic efficiency and decreased the non-photochemical quenching. Concomitantly, sorbitol levels and sorbitol to sucrose ratio in leaves and phloem sap increased in a K-dependent manner. K supply also fostered plant cold acclimation. High soil K levels mitigated loss of water from leaves in the cold and supported cold-dependent sugar and sorbitol accumulation. We hypothesize that with increased K nutrition, P. major preferentially channels photosynthesis-derived electrons into sorbitol biosynthesis and that this increased sorbitol is supportive for sink development and as a protective solute, during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Ho
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Regina Rode
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Maike Siegel
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Frank Reinhardt
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier—Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (J.-C.Y.); (S.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier—Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (J.-C.Y.); (S.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier—Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (J.-C.Y.); (S.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str., 67663 Kaiserlautern, Germany; (L.-H.H.); (R.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (H.E.N.)
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10
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Pre-symptomatic modified phytohormone profile is associated with lower phytoplasma titres in an Arabidopsis seor1ko line. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14770. [PMID: 32901060 PMCID: PMC7479616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins AtSEOR1 and AtSEOR2 occur as conjugates in the form of filaments in sieve elements of Arabidopsis thaliana. A reduced phytoplasma titre found in infected defective-mutant Atseor1ko plants in previous work raised the speculation that non-conjugated SEOR2 is involved in the phytohormone-mediated suppression of Chrysanthemum Yellows (CY)-phytoplasma infection transmitted by Euscelidius variegatus (Ev). This early and long-lasting SEOR2 impact was revealed in Atseor1ko plants by the lack of detectable phytoplasmas at an early stage of infection (symptomless plants) and a lower phytoplasma titre at a later stage (fully symptomatic plants). The high insect survival rate on Atseor1ko line and the proof of phytoplasma infection at the end of the acquisition access period confirmed the high transmission efficiency of CY-phytoplasma by the vectors. Transmission electron microscopy analysis ruled out a direct role of SE filament proteins in physical phytoplasma containment. Time-correlated HPLC–MS/MS-based phytohormone analyses revealed increased jasmonate levels in midribs of Atseor1ko plants at an early stage of infection and appreciably enhanced levels of indole acetic acid and abscisic acid at the early and late stages. Effects of Ev-probing on phytohormone levels was not found. The results suggest that SEOR2 interferes with phytohormonal pathways in Arabidopsis midrib tissues in order to establish early defensive responses to phytoplasma infection.
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González-Fontes A, Fujiwara T. Advances in Plant Boron. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114107. [PMID: 32526846 PMCID: PMC7312592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín González-Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954348522
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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