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Liu Q, Zheng L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Gao F. AmDHN4, a winter accumulated SKn-type dehydrin from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and regulated by AmWRKY45, enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis to low temperature and osmotic stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131020. [PMID: 38521330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a rare temperate evergreen broadleaf shrub, exhibits remarkable tolerance to low temperature and drought stress in winter. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, a kind of hydrophilic protein with a protective function, play significant roles in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In this present study, we analyzed the evolution and expression of LEA genes in A. mongolicus, and investigated the function and regulatory mechanism of dehydrin under abiotic stresses. Evolutionary analysis revealed that 14 AmLEA genes underwent tandem duplication events, and 36 AmLEA genes underwent segmental duplication events Notably, an expansion in SKn-type dehydrins was observed. Expression analysis showed that AmDHN4, a SKn-type dehydrin, was up-regulated in winter and under low temperature and osmotic stresses. Functional analysis showcased that the heterologous expression of the AmDHN4 enhanced the tolerance of yeast and tobacco to low temperature stress. Additionally, the overexpression of AmDHN4 significantly improved the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to low temperature, drought, and osmotic stress. Further investigations identified AmWRKY45, a downstream transcription factor in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, binding to the AmDHN4 promoter and positively regulating its expression. In summary, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the functional and regulatory mechanisms of dehydrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhao X, Ma K, Li Z, Li W, Zhang X, Liu S, Meng R, Lu B, Li X, Ren J, Zhang L, Yuan X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Brassinolide Signaling Pathway Control of Foxtail Millet Seedling Starch and Sucrose Metabolism under Freezing Stress, with Implications for Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11590. [PMID: 37511348 PMCID: PMC10380969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature stress limits the growth and development of foxtail millet. Freezing stress caused by sudden temperature drops, such as late-spring coldness, often occurs in the seedling stage of foxtail millet. However, the ability and coping strategies of foxtail millet to cope with such stress are not clear. In the present study, we analyzed the self-regulatory mechanisms of freezing stress in foxtail millet. We conducted a physiological study on foxtail millet leaves at -4 °C for seven different durations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). Longer freezing time increased cell-membrane damage, relative conductance, and malondialdehyde content. This led to osmotic stress in the leaves, which triggered an increase in free proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents. The increases in these substances helped to reduce the damage caused by stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The optimal time point for the response to freezing stress was 8 h after exposure. The transcriptome analysis of samples held for 8 h at -4 °C revealed 6862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which the majority are implicated in various pathways, including the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, antioxidant enzyme pathways, brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway, and transcription factors, according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. We investigated possible crosstalk between BR signals and other pathways and found that BR signaling molecules were induced in response to freezing stress. The beta-amylase (BAM) starch hydrolase signal was enhanced by the BR signal, resulting in the accelerated degradation of starch and the formation of sugars, which served as emerging ROS scavengers and osmoregulators to resist freezing stress. In conclusion, crosstalk between BR signal transduction, and both starch and sucrose metabolism under freezing stress provides a new perspective for improving freezing resistance in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Shaoguang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ru Meng
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Boyu Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liguang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Zhou P, Hao M, Zhang M. Cytological and Transcriptomic Analysis Provide Insights into the Formation of Variegated Leaves in Ilex × altaclerensis 'Belgica Aurea'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:552. [PMID: 33804110 PMCID: PMC7999392 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ilex × altaclerensis 'Belgica Aurea' is an attractive ornamental plant bearing yellow-green variegated leaves. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of leaf variegation in this species are still unclear. Here, the juvenile yellow leaves and mature variegated leaves of I. altaclerensis 'Belgica Aurea' were compared in terms of leaf structure, pigment content and transcriptomics. The results showed that no obvious differences in histology were noticed between yellow and variegated leaves, however, ruptured thylakoid membranes and altered ultrastructure of chloroplasts were found in yellow leaves (yellow) and yellow sectors of the variegated leaves (variegation). Moreover, the yellow leaves and the yellow sectors of variegated leaves had significantly lower chlorophyll compared to green sectors of the variegated leaves (green). In addition, transcriptomic sequencing identified 1675 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three pairwise comparisons (yellow vs. green, variegation vs. green, yellow vs. variegation). Expression of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) [oxidative] cyclase, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthase were decreased in the yellow leaves. Altogether, chlorophyll deficiency might be the main factors driving the formation of leaf variegation in I.altaclerensis 'Belgica Aurea'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Jing Huang
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Nanjing 211153, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Nanjing 211153, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.)
| | - Mingzhuo Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Nanjing 211153, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.)
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